scholarly journals Composition and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in a Brazilian Cerrado stream

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica F. G. Pio ◽  
Eunice de F. E. Santiago ◽  
Carlos E. Copatti
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Abundant Taxon ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyse the diversity and composition of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the dry and rainy seasons in a Brazilian Cerrado stream, where it was hypothesized that the dry season has higher diversity and it differs in terms of organism composition in relation to the rainy season. Sampling was carried out in the dry (May and August/2016 and August/2017) and rainy seasons (November/2016 and February and November/2017). Individuals were identified at the family level and classified according to functional feeding group (FFG). There were 3,776 individuals, in which Chironomidae was the most abundant taxon with 2,226 organisms. The FFG with the highest number of individuals and species richness were collector-gatherer and predator, respectively. The species richness was higher in the dry season than in the rainy season. The ordinance generated by NMDS showed that there was no distinction in the composition of the assemblage between the dry and rainy seasons. Seasonal variations do not alter the abundance and composition of the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage, but the species richness does decrease in rainy seasons.

scholarly journals Abundance and stratification of soil macroarthropods in a Caatinga Forest in Northeast Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3 suppl) ◽  
pp. 737-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
VFP Araújo ◽  
AG Bandeira ◽  
A Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Taxa Richness ◽  
Abundant Taxon ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Arid And Semiarid Ecosystems ◽  
Arid And Semiarid ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

In arid and semiarid environments, seasonality usually exerts a strong influence on the composition and dynamics of the soil community. The soil macroarthropods were studied in a Caatinga forest located in the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Fazenda Almas, São José dos Cordeiros, Paraíba, Brazil. Samples were collected during the dry and rainy seasons following the method proposed by the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Program (TSBF), with minor modifications. At each station, 15 soil blocks (20 × 20 × 30 cm: 12 L) were extracted and divided into three layers: A (0-10 cm), B (10-20 cm), and C (20-30 cm). In the rainy and dry seasons 1,306 ± 543(se) and 458 ± 212 ind.m-2 macroarthropods were found, respectively, with 35 and 18 respective taxa recorded. The abundance of individuals and taxa were significantly higher in the rainy season. Isoptera (57.8%) was the most abundant taxon, followed by Hymenoptera: Formicidae (17.2%), Coleoptera larvae (7.3%), and Araneae (3.5%). In the rainy season, abundance in layer A (576 ± 138 ind.m-2) was significantly higher than that of layer C (117 ± 64 ind.m-2), but was not different from layer B (613 ± 480 ind.m-2). There was also no difference between the layer B and C abundances. In the dry season, abundance in layer B (232 ± 120 ind.m-2) was not significantly different compared to layer A (182 ± 129 ind.m-2), but was significantly higher than abundance in layer C (44 ± 35 ind.m-2). During the rainy season, layer A (34 taxa) was significantly richer in taxa than layers B (19 taxa) and C (11 taxa). On the other hand, during the dry season the richness of layers A (12 taxa) and B (12 taxa) was equal, but significantly higher than that of layer C (6 taxa). Richness of taxa and abundance were positively correlated with soil organic matter and negatively correlated with soil temperature. The community of soil macroarthropods in the area of Caatinga studied has taxonomic and functional structures that are relatively complex and is therefore likely to exert an influence on ecosystem productivity due to its physical effects on soil profile and necromass fragmentation, as occurs in other arid and semiarid ecosystems throughout the world.

STUDI BIONOMIK VEKTOR MALARIA DI KECAMATAN KALIBAWANG, KULONPROGO

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardjito Eko Windarso dkk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Commercial Farming ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The increasing of malaria cases in recent years at Kecamatan Kalibawang has been suspected correspond with the conversion of farming land-use which initiated in 1993. Four years after the natural vegetation in this area were changed become cocoa and coffee commercial farming estates, the number of malaria cases in 1997 rose more than six times, and in 2000 it reached 6085. This study were aimed to observe whether there were any differences in density and diversity of Anopheles as malaria vector between the cocoa and mix farming during dry and rainy seasons. The results of the study are useful for considering the appropriate methods, times and places for mosquito vector controlling. The study activities comprised of collecting Anopheles as well as identifying the species to determine the density and diversity of the malaria vector. Both activities were held four weeks in dry season and four weeks in rainy season. The mea-surement of physical factors such as temperature, humidity and rainfall were also conducted to support the study results. Four dusuns which meet the criteria and had the highest malaria cases were selected as study location. Descriptively, the results shows that the number of collected Anopheles in cocoa farming were higher compared with those in mix horticultural farming; and the number of Anopheles species identifi ed in cocoa farming were also more varied than those in the mix horticultural farming.Key words: bionomik vektor malaria, anopheles,

scholarly journals Fishes from lakes and tributaries of the Rio Santa Bárbara, Sapucaí‑Mirim/Grande hydrographic basin, São Paulo, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-640
Author(s):  
Paulo Baltazar Diniz ◽  
Hatus de Oliveira Siqueira ◽  
Tâmer de Oliveira Faleiros ◽  
Nycolas Levy Pereira ◽  
José Augusto Senhorini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The State ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
Hydrographic Basin ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Small Tributary

Rio Santa Bárbara, a small tributary of the Rio Sapucaí-Mirim, has undergone severe human intervention over the past 80 years. We surveyed the ichthyofauna of this river, some surrounding lakes, and the Rio Potreiro, a tributary. Four campaigns were carried out, 2 in the dry season and 2 in the rainy season. We found 920 specimens at 12 sites and included 32 species belonging to 6 orders and 16 families. The order Characiformes was found to be best represented in our study, followed by the orders Cichliformes and Siluriformes. The family Characidae was the most numerous, followed by the families Cichlidae and Poeciliidae. A specimen of Brycon nattereri was collected from the Rio Santa Bárbara; this species is Critically Endangered in the state of São Paulo.

scholarly journals Sexual behavior of 'morada nova' breeding sheep under semi-intensive rearing during the mating season in the brazilian semiarid

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3657
Author(s):  
Luana de Fátima Damasceno dos Santos ◽  
Edgard Cavalcanti Pimenta Filho ◽  
Edilson Paes Saraiva ◽  
Dermeval Araújo Furtado ◽  
Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Execution Frequency ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons ◽  
Intensive System

This study aimed to evaluate the sexual behavior of 'Morada Nova' breeding sheep reared in the Brazilian semi-arid during dry and rainy seasons in a semi-intensive system. The behavioral data were gathered from 4 rams and 114 ewes, among which 55 during the rainy season and the other 59 females in the dry season. The behavioral observations were conducted from 6 am to 5 pm, during both periods. The observations were carried out continuously and split into 'event' (execution frequency) and 'state' (execution time). During the rainy season, the breeding sheep showed the most efficient sexual behavior, with a shorter reaction time (RT) and less frequent mount attempts (MA), being of 122 sec and 2.97, respectively. However, throughout the dry period, some sexual behaviors such as sniffing the urogenital of females (SUF), penis exposure (EXP), head tossing (HT), and courting of females (FC) became more frequent, mainly in the afternoon, as with the flehmen response (FR). Male courting behavior was more evident in the rainy season during the end of the day, remaining less active during the dry period. Sexual behavior intensity in 'Morada Nova' sheep varies throughout the day, especially in the dry season.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS SUPPLEMENTATION ON PREGNANCY IN WHITE FULANI (BUNAJI) CATTLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
E. C. I. Molokwu ◽  
N. N. Umunna ◽  
S. M. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
White Fulani ◽  
Plasma Phosphorus ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

THE effect of bone meal supplementation on pregnancy and plasma phosphorus level in White Fulani (Bunaji) cattle was investigated over a 13-month period. The monthly mean plasma levels of inorganic phosphorus for supplemented Cows varied from 4.63mg/100ml in dry season to 8.09mg/100ml in the rainy season in contrast to 3.07 to 7.09/100ml in the dry and rainy seasons respectively, for the controls. Bonemeal supplementation resulted in earlier conception and calving. Fifty percent of the supplemented cows calved by the end of the period of supplementation in contrast to 25 percent of the controls. By two months after the study period, 100% of cows that received the supplementation had conceived compared with 87.50% of the controls. It is concluded from the study that bonemeal is a practical method for improving the fertility of White Fulani cattle in the grazing areas of Nigeria where soil and forage are deficient in phosphorus 

scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE AND SEASONALITY OF LIVESTOCK DISEASES IN ZARIA, NIGERIA: A TEN YEAR NECROPSY STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
P. D Halle ◽  
M. A. Raji ◽  
N. D. G. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Livestock Diseases ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

A ten-year (1986 - 1995) record of necropsy report on diagnosed livestock diseases in Zaria, Kaduna State is evaluated to determine the prevalence and seasonal occurrence of the major livestock diseases in the Northern part of Nigeria. A total 1093 animals comprising 132 cattle, 240 goat 318 shell, 20 horses, 47 pigs and 336dogs were examined at necropsy. Some diseases such as cowdriosis, Pneumonia, Ectoparasitism, and Haemonchosis showed seasonal fluctuation while others like Babesiosis, Trypanosomiasis and physical injuries were evenly distributed throughout the year. The major problem of livestock in Zaria was Pneunonia (247 cases) with a seasonal occurrence of 38.6% and 61.31% for the dry and rainy seasons respectively. During the rainy season, cowdriosis (17.42%) in cattle, Pneumonia (25.0%, 21.10% and 20.0%) in goats, sheep and horses; gastroenteritis (14.89%) and starvation/malnutrition (14.89%) in pigs and rabies (8.93%) in dogs were the major problems. Starvation/malnutrition (4.17%) in Goats and gastroenteritis (12.5%) were more prevalent during the dry season. The relevance during of this report to effective control measures for the livestock resources in Nigeria is also highlighted.

scholarly journals Caatinga Albedo Preserved and Replaced by Pasture in Northeast Brazil

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1622
Author(s):  
Alcindo Mariano Souza ◽  
Cláudio Moisés Santos e Silva ◽  
Bergson Guedes Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Local Standard ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The caatinga is considered South America’s largest seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) and one of the most vulnerable endemic biomes in relation to climate change. The surface albedo in caatinga is relevant to understanding the role of this biome in the climate of the Northeast region of Brazil. Thus, a comparative analysis was conducted between the albedos of preserved and anthropized caatinga (pasture). Data were collected using CNR4-type net radiometers during the dry and rainy seasons. The mean albedo values were higher in the Pasture both in the dry and rainy season, with values of 0.181 and 0.177, respectively. In the caatinga, the mean albedo values were 0.137 in the dry season and 0.146 in the rainy season. The hourly average values for albedo, taken between 6:30 a.m. and 4 p.m., with intervals of 30 min, were also higher in the pasture. For convenience, this study uses local standard time (LST), which is 3 h behind from coordinated universal time (UTC). The greatest dispersions in the frequencies of the mean hourly albedo values occurred in the early morning and late afternoon. Some of the consequences of this study is the confirmation that there is an increase in albedo in caatinga replaced by pasture and this causes a reduction in the net radiation and also the finding that a region where there is adequate pasture management also enables albedo management and from solar radiation. And that further studies can indicate the impacts on temperature and precipitation, especially in warmer periods during the dry season.

Kondisi Gradien Temperatur terhadap Proses Pengenceran Smog Fotokimia di Cekungan Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Sumaryati Sumaryati ◽  
Asri Indrawati ◽  
Dyah Aries Tanti
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Photochemical Smog ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Basin Topography ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

ABSTRACTBig cities with valley or basin topography such as Bandung, generally have problems with air pollution due to the inversion layer and photochemical smog formations. The inversion conditions cause photochemical smog settling so that the air looks dark on the surface. This study was conducted to analyze the character of inversion events in Bandung due to vertical temperature changes. The inversion layer is obtained from the TAPM (The Air Pollution Model) model and in situ measurement of vertical temperatures by flying a temperature sensor to get the temperature profile. The TAPM running model is carried out in July and December following the dry and rainy seasons. In situ temperature observations are carried out in September 2018 using a drone according to the dry season and data corresponding to the rainy season using data from previous research with a radiosonde balloon. The running model results show that the inversion layer in the rainy season is stronger and more persistent than in the dry season. The inversion layer at night until morning occurs at the surface level, then the inversion layer rises, and finally, the inversion layer breaks up around 10:00 in July and around 12:00 in December. Validation with in situ measurements shows similarity in the pattern. The inversion event correlates with the subsidence and dilution of smog and photochemical smog pollutants from the edge of the Bandung Basin area.Keywords: basin, urban, photochemical smog, inversionABSTRAKKota besar dengan topografi berbentuk lembah atau cekungan seperti Bandung, umumnya memiliki masalah dengan polusi udara karena adanya pembentukkan lapisan inversi dan smog fotokimia. Kondisi inversi menyebabkan terjadinya pengendapan smog fotokimia, sehingga udara terlihat gelap pada permukaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis karakter kejadian inversi di Cekungan Bandung akibat dari perubahan temperatur vertikal. Lapisan inversi diperoleh dari model TAPM (Model Polusi Udara) dan pengukuran in situ temperatur vertikal dengan menerbangkan sensor suhu untuk mendapatkan profil suhu. Running model TAPM dilakukan pada bulan Juli dan bulan Desember berkesesuaian dengan musim kemarau dan hujan, sedangkan pengamatan temperatur in situ dilakukan pada bulan September 2018 dengan menggunakan wahana drone yang berkesesuaian dengan musim kemarau, serta untuk data yang berkesesuaian dengan musim hujan menggunakan data hasil penelitian sebelumnya dengan wahana balon radiosonde. Hasil running model menunjukkan, lapisan inversi pada musim hujan lebih kuat dan lebih persisten dari pada musim kemarau. Lapisan inversi pada malam sampai pagi hari terjadi pada level permukaan, kemudian lapisan inversi ini naik dan akhirnya lapisan inversi pecah sekitar pukul 10:00 pada bulan Juli dan sekitar pukul 12:00 pada bulan Desember. Validasi dengan pengukuran in situ menunjukkan kemiripan pola. Kejadian inversi berkorelasi dengan pengendapan dan pengenceran polutan smog dan smog fotokimia dari pinggir Cekungan Bandung. Kata kunci: cekungan, urban, smog fotokimia, inversi

Brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) associated with the octocoral Carijoa riisei (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the littoral of Pernambuco, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1263-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M. Neves ◽  
E.J.B. Lima ◽  
C.D. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
First Record ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Disc Diameter ◽  
Carijoa Riisei ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The present work records for the first time the association between ophiuroids and the octocoral Carijoa riisei. Carijoa riisei is a colonial octocoral very abundant in the littoral of Pernambuco (Brazil), with growth by creeping stolons with an arborescent structure creating an optimal environment for epibionts. The objectives of the work were to identify the species of Ophiuroidea associated with C. riisei, and to verify the existence of seasonality through the density, abundance and frequency of sampled taxa. Due to the known relationship between the ophiuroids and sponges related in the literature, the sponges founded associated with C. riisei were recorded. Seasonal samples of the beaches of Porto de Galinhas and Guadalupe were realized. In Guadalupe, 39 and 21 ophiuroids (dry and rainy seasons respectively) belonging to the families Ophiactidae (Ophiactis savignyi, Ophiactis lymani) and Ophiotrichidae (Ophiotrhix angulata) were identified. Ophiactis savignyi stood out in all the analysed stations (48.72% in dry season and 52.38% in rainy season). The average density of the ophiuroids was 10.74 ind/100 g of C. riisei, varying from 12.56 ind/100 g in the dry season to 8.92 ind/100 g, in the rainy season. Amongst the species of ophiuroids recorded in the samples, O. savignyi showed 80% and 100% frequency of occurrence in the dry and the rainy seasons, respectively, and O. lymani showed 80% during the dry season. The presence of O. lymani in Guadalupe constitutes the first record in Pernambuco state. Taking into account that all the ophiuroids collected in Guadalupe were considered juveniles (1–3 mm of disc diameter), the microhabitat created by C. riisei may be utilized as a recruitment place for some ophiuroids. No ophiuroids were found at Porto de Galinhas beach, just as for sponges. On the other hand, the ophiuroids were always found with sponges in Guadalupe beach. For this reason, the ecological relation of the ophiuroids with C. riisei could be observed as an occasional relation, in the way that the octocoral supplies a support structure to the growth of the many sponges that have given a favourable habitat to shelter ophiuroids.

scholarly journals The diversity of intertidal fish in Sundak Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, during dry and rainy seasons

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
pp. 02020
Author(s):  
Ratih Ida Adharini ◽  
Namastra Probosunu ◽  
Atika Arifati ◽  
Tika Drastiana ◽  
Fitriana C. Rusnasari
Keyword(s):  
Intertidal Zone ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Transition Area ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The intertidal zone is a transition area between sea and land with unique characteristics. This research aimed to determine the diversity and types of fish in the intertidal zone of Sundak Beach, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research was conducted in December 2016–September 2017 along the intertidal zone of Sundak Beach. Fish samples were collected by fishermen twice a month using a hand net and hand line in an area of 22,000 m2 by random sampling. Water quality data included air and water temperatures, pH, salinity, tides, rainfall intensity, and substratum. Fish samples were identified, and the total length and weight were measured. Results showed that carnivores and herbivores were dominant during the rainy season, whereas carnivores and omnivores were dominant during the dry season. Total of 179 fish, which were grouped into 18 families and 31 species. The diversity species index was 1.067 (intermediate diversity) during the rainy season but 0.19 (low diversity) during the dry season. The dominancy index was low (0.11–0.34) during the dry season, whereas during the rainy season was higher (0.18–0.72). The study concluded that the intertidal zone of Sundak Beach has a good condition as nursery, feeding, and spawning grounds for fishes.

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