Antibodies against canine distemper virus, parvovirus and Ehrlichia spp. in wild captive carnivores in midwestern Brazil

ABSTRACT: The occurrence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV), parvovirus and Ehrlichia spp. in wild captive carnivores was evaluated in a zoological park in midwestern Brazil. Serum samples were collected between 2007 and 2014 from 45 carnivores. Antibodies were evaluated by virus neutralization assay for CDV, hemagglutination inhibition test for parvovirus, indirect immunofluorescent and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Ehrlichia spp. Antibodies against CDV and parvovirus were detected in 75% of Canidae and Felidae. Procyonidae were negative for CDV, although one Mustelidae was positive. TwoCanidae presented antibodies reactive to E. canis antigens. The high antibodies rates to CDV and parvovirus suggest the contact with both pathogens, however since no clinical history of disease are registered in the Zoo-UFMT, we can presume that carnivores have responded satisfactorily against the antigens. The low serological rates observed against Ehrlichia spp. may be resulted to the low occurrence of ticks among carnivores.

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Comparative Analysis of the Serological Reactivity of Individuals with Clinical History of Malaria using Two Different ELISA Tests

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics9040168 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 168

Author(s):

Yorleydy Ruiz Moreno ◽

Silvia Tavares Donato ◽

Fátima Nogueira ◽

Marcelo Sousa Silva

Keyword(s):

Clinical History ◽

Negative Control ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serological Response ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Serological Tests ◽

Serological Reactivity ◽

History Of ◽

Low Levels ◽

Antigenic Reactivity

Early diagnosis of malaria reduces disease, prevents deaths, and contributes to decreased malaria transmission. The use of specific and sensitive antigens in the execution of serological diagnostics may have an impact on the transmission of the disease. However, many individuals cannot be easily diagnosed by serological tests due to low levels of antibodies in the serum. Using two different Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) tests (a commercial and an in-house ELISA), a total of 365 serum samples from individuals with a clinical history of malaria were analyzed. From the serum samples analyzed, 192 (53%) samples from the commercial ELISA and 219 (60%) samples from the in-house ELISA presented positive serological reactivity to malaria. The concordance of the samples tested (n = 365) between both ELISAs was of 67% (n = 242), and with the negative control was 100% (n = 17). We demonstrated that the in-house ELISA showed high antigenic reactivity to Plasmodium falciparum antigens when compared with the commercial ELISA. The degree of concordance of both ELISAs suggested the possibility of existence of other P. falciparum antigens present in the crude extract of P. falciparum that are important in the serological response during malaria infection.

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Development of a double monoclonal antibody–based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting canine distemper virus

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s00253-020-10997-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 (24) ◽

pp. 10725-10735

Author(s):

Yuan Zhang ◽

Gang Xu ◽

Lu Zhang ◽

Jiakai Zhao ◽

Pinpin Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Colloidal Gold ◽

Canine Distemper Virus ◽

Sandwich Elisa ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Test Results ◽

Canine Distemper ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Ideal Method

Abstract Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection causes mass mortality in diverse carnivore species. For effective virus surveillance, rapid and sensitive assays are needed to detect CDV in field samples. In this study, after BABL/c mice were immunized with recombinant CDV-fusion (F) protein, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against recombinant CDV-F protein (designated 1A5, 1A6, and 7D5) were produced using traditional hybridoma cell technology. Next, capture antibody (1A6, 800 ng/well) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)–conjugated detection antibody (HRP-7D5, 1:100, 500 ng/well) were used in a double monoclonal antibody–based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for CDV detection after optimization of both mAb amounts per well using a checkerboard titration test. Based on sandwich ELISA test results for 120 known CDV-negative samples, the cutoff value for a positive result was set to an OD450 nm value ≥ 0.196. As compared with test results obtained from commercial immune colloidal gold test strips, the low limits of detection for the two assays were revealed to be 100 TCID50 per 100 μL. In addition, the sandwich ELISA agreed 100% and 96.4% with commercial immune colloidal gold test strips when testing serum and stool samples. The sandwich ELISA assay provided statistically similar CDV detection. Thus, the sandwich ELISA developed here to detect CDV in fecal and serum samples provided good sensitivity, high specificity, and good reproducibility and should serve as an ideal method for large-scale surveillance of CDV infections in carnivores. Key points • Three CDV mAbs that recognized different epitopes and bound to virion were generated. • The sandwich ELISA based mAbs to detect CDV in fecal and serum samples was developed. • The sandwich ELISA is an ideal method for detecting CDV infections in the field.

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Use of a Toxin Neutralization Assay To Characterize the Serologic Response to Adenylate Cyclase Toxin after Infection with Bordetella pertussis

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00370-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joshua C. Eby ◽

Mary C. Gray ◽

Jason M. Warfel ◽

Tod J. Merkel ◽

Erik L. Hewlett

Keyword(s):

Adenylate Cyclase ◽

Bordetella Pertussis ◽

Neutralization Assay ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Immunologic Response ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Content Type ◽

Adenylate Cyclase Toxin ◽

Strong Candidate ◽

Candidate Antigen

ABSTRACT Adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) is an essential virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis, and antibodies to ACT protect against B. pertussis infection in mice. The toxin is therefore a strong candidate antigen for addition to future acellular pertussis vaccines. In order to characterize the functionality of the immunologic response to ACT after infection, we developed an assay for testing the ability of serum samples from subjects infected with B. pertussis to neutralize ACT-induced cytotoxicity in J774 macrophage cells. Baboons develop neutralizing anti-ACT antibodies following infection with B. pertussis, and all sera from baboons with positive anti-ACT IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results neutralized ACT cytotoxicity. The toxin neutralization assay (TNA) was positive in some baboon sera in which ELISA remained negative. Of serum samples obtained from humans diagnosed with pertussis by PCR, anti-ACT IgG ELISA was positive in 72%, and TNA was positive in 83%. All samples positive for anti-ACT IgG ELISA were positive by TNA, and none of the samples from humans without pertussis neutralized toxin activity. These findings indicate that antibodies to ACT generated following infection with B. pertussis consistently neutralize toxin-induced cytotoxicity and that TNA can be used to improve understanding of the immunologic response to ACT after infection or vaccination.

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Systemic and local antibodies induced by an experimental inactivated vaccine against bovine herpesvirus type 1

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782011000200021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 307-313

Author(s):

Maria do Carmo Cilento ◽

Edviges Maristela Pituco ◽

Ricardo Spacagna Jordão ◽

Cláudia Pestana Ribeiro ◽

Moacir Marchiori Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bovine Herpesvirus ◽

Neutralization Assay ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

Inactivated Vaccine ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Post Vaccination ◽

Herpesvirus Type ◽

Virus Neutralization Assay ◽

Igg2 Antibody

An experimental inactivated vaccine against bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) was produced aiming to evaluate the systemic and local antibody responses in 12 seronegative heifers, after vaccination and revaccination. Serum samples were submitted to virus neutralization assay and to ELISA test for detection of IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes. Nasal secretion samples were submitted to the same ELISA test for detection of IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes. The results showed that moderate to high neutralizing titres and IgG1 and IgG2 antibody responses were induced after the second vaccination in the serum and in nasal secretions up to 114 days post vaccination. IgG2 antibodies were the prevalent isotype for most of the post-vaccination period. The results indicate that BoHV-1 experimental inactivated vaccine elicited potentially protective IgG1 and IgG2 antibody levels, both in the systemic and mucosal compartments.

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Seroprevalence of major infectious causes of dairy cattle reproductive problems in central Ethiopia

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1153341/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yohannes Equar Messele ◽

Gebrerufael Girmay ◽

Bezina Arega Emeru ◽

Shelema Kelbesa Bora ◽

Workitu Firomsa Gudeta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Q Fever ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Control Program ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Central Ethiopia ◽

History Of ◽

Combined Infection ◽

And Control

Abstract Background Reproductive problem is one of the main constraints of livestock genetic improvement efforts in tropical countries. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of major infectious causes of reproductive problems of dairy cattle in selected dairy farms in central Ethiopia. Overall 86 serum samples were collected from October 2018 to February 2019 from animals with history of reproductive problems. The collected serum was tested for antibody titer against Brucella species, Neospora caninum, Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Q-fever using rose-bengal and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests. Result Among the animals with the history of reproductive disordered; abortion, still birth and repeat breeding cases were found in 61.6%, 19.8% and 18.6%, respectively. The prevalence of IBR, BVD, Neospora caninum and Coxiella brunetti was found to be 79.1%, 38.4%, 3.5% and 1.2%, respectively. The combined infection of both BVD and IBR were detected in 21% of animals. Out of the total animals examined in this study, 95.9% of Jersey breeds were found seropositive to IBR than Boran-Friesian crosses (57.7%). The incidence of BVD was significantly higher in Boran-Friesian crossbred cattle than in Jersey which was found to be 69.3% and 14.3, respectively. The prevalence of IBR and BVD was directly proportional with age of the animal and parity. Conclusion Vaccination against IBR and BVD is not practiced in Ethiopia, the rising level of those diseases in dairy sector needs regular surveillance and control program.

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Neutralization Assay for Zika and Dengue Viruses by Use of Real-Time-PCR-Based Endpoint Assessment

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.00673-17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 55 (10) ◽

pp. 3104-3112 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Heather L. Wilson ◽

Thomas Tran ◽

Julian Druce ◽

Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol ◽

Michael Catton

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Neutralization Assay ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Health Concern ◽

Confirmatory Test ◽

Virus Neutralization Assay ◽

History Of ◽

Infective Complications

ABSTRACTThe global spread and infective complications of Zika virus (ZKV) and dengue virus (DENV) have made them flaviviruses of public health concern. Serological diagnosis can be challenging due to antibody cross-reactivity, particularly in secondary flavivirus infections or when there is a history of flavivirus vaccination. The virus neutralization assay is considered to be the most specific assay for measurement of anti-flavivirus antibodies. This study describes an assay where the neutralization endpoint is measured by real-time PCR, providing results within 72 h. It demonstrated 100% sensitivity (24/24 ZKV and 15/15 DENV) and 100% specificity (11/11 specimens) when testing well-characterized sera. In addition, the assay was able to determine the correct DENV serotype in 91.7% of cases. The high sensitivity and specificity of the real-time PCR neutralization assay makes it suitable to use as a confirmatory test for sera that are reactive in commercial IgM/IgG enzyme immunoassays. Results are objective and the PCR-based measurement of the neutralization endpoint lends itself to automation so that throughput may be increased in times of high demand.

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Complement-Mediated Neutralization of Canine Distemper Virus In Vitro: Cross-Reaction between Vaccine Onderstepoort and Field KDK-1 Strains with Different Hemagglutinin Gene Characteristics

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.9.4.921-924.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 921-924 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Masami Mochizuki ◽

Megumi Motoyoshi ◽

Ken Maeda ◽

Kazunari Kai

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Canine Distemper Virus ◽

Field Isolate ◽

Neutralization Assay ◽

Cross Reaction ◽

Canine Distemper ◽

Hemagglutinin Gene

ABSTRACT The properties of neutralization of antigens of canine distemper virus Onderstepoort and a recent field isolate, KDK-1, were investigated with strain-specific dog sera. A conventional neutralization assay indicated antigenic dissimilarity between the strains; however, when guinea pig complement was included in the reaction mixture, the strains were neutralized with not only the homologous but also the heterologous antibodies.

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DETECTION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES TO THE NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN FRAGMENTS OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME-CORONAVIRUS AND SCOTOPHILUS BAT CORONAVIRUS-512 IN THREE INSECTIVOROUS BAT SPECIES

Taiwan Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1142/s1682648518500063 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (04) ◽

pp. 179-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yi-Ning Chen ◽

Bo-Gang Su ◽

Hung-Chang Chen ◽

Cheng-Han Chou ◽

Hsi-Chi Cheng

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Nucleocapsid Protein ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Protein Fragments ◽

Specific Antibodies ◽

History Of ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Carboxyl Terminal ◽

Bat Coronavirus

Bats are the natural reservoirs of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Six Alphacoronavirus and five Betacoronavirus have been detected in many bat species, including SARS-related CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-related CoV. In Taiwan, SARS-related CoV, belonging to Betacoronavirus, has been detected in Rhinolophus monoceros. Scotophilus bat CoV-512, belonging to Alphacoronavirus, has been detected in Scotophilus kuhlii, Miniopterus fuliginosus, and Rhinolophus monoceros by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To understand the infection history of CoV in these three insectivorous bat populations, CoV-specific antibodies were surveyed by using western blot (WB) analysis and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The carboxyl terminal fragment of nucleocapsid protein (N3) of SARS-CoV and Scotophilus bat CoV-512 were used as the antigen in the assays. Of the 52 serum samples obtained from Scotophilus kuhlii, 29 samples (56%) were tested positive for Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies through ELISA. Of the 63 serum samples obtained from Rhinolophus monoceros, 9 samples were tested positive for only SARS-CoV-specific antibodies, 7 samples were tested positive for only Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies, and 16 samples (25.4%) were tested positive for both antibodies through WB analysis. Only 1 of 18 Miniopterus bat serum samples tested positive for Scotophilus bat CoV-512-specific antibodies through ELISA. Lactating female bats had higher positive rates of CoV-specific antibodies than non-lactating female and male bats did. Our findings were crucial for understanding CoV infection history in three insectivorous bat species and important for the control of bat-borne zoonosis diseases.

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Serological detection of infection with canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and canine adenovirus in communal dogs from Zimbabwe

Journal of the South African Veterinary Association ◽

10.4102/jsava.v85i1.1110 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 85 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anna McRee ◽

Rebecca P. Wilkes ◽

Jessica Dawson ◽

Roger Parry ◽

Chris Foggin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Canine Distemper Virus ◽

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Canine Parvovirus ◽

Control Measures ◽

Domestic Dogs ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Canine Distemper ◽

The Impact

Domestic dogs are common amongst communities in sub-Saharan Africa and may serve as important reservoirs for infectious agents that may cause diseases in wildlife. Two agents of concern are canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine distemper virus (CDV), which may infect and cause disease in large carnivore species such as African wild dogs and African lions, respectively. The impact of domestic dogs and their diseases on wildlife conservation is increasing in Zimbabwe, necessitating thorough assessment and implementation of control measures. In this study, domestic dogs in north-western Zimbabwe were evaluated for antibodies to CDV, CPV, and canine adenovirus (CAV). These dogs were communal and had no vaccination history. Two hundred and twenty-five blood samples were collected and tested using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to CPV, CDV, and CAV. Of these dogs, 75 (34%) had detectable antibodies to CDV, whilst 191 (84%) had antibodies to CPV. Antibodies to canine adenovirus were present in 28 (13%) dogs. Canine parvovirus had high prevalence in all six geographic areas tested. These results indicate that CPV is circulating widely amongst domestic dogs in the region. In addition, CDV is present at high levels. Both pathogens can infect wildlife species. Efforts for conservation of large carnivores in Zimbabwe must address the role of domestic dogs in disease transmission.

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Comparison of NS1 Antigen Detection by Rapid Immunochromatography Test and ELISA for Early Diagnosis of Dengue at a Government General Hospital, Ananthapuramu

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i57b34069 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 378-381

Author(s):

Adireddi Paradesi Naidu ◽

Chitralekha Saikumar ◽

G. Sumathi ◽

Kalavathy Victor ◽

N. S. Muthiah

Keyword(s):

Rapid Test ◽

Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Clinical History ◽

Elisa Test ◽

Microbiology Laboratory ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Test Sensitivity ◽

Ns1 Antigen ◽

History Of

Background: The incidence of Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Dengue shock syndrome associated with Dengue can be reduced by diagnosing Dengue early and by initiating early treatment to Dengue patients. This study was conducted to compare results of NS1 antigen rapid test and ELISA in clinically suspected dengue patients. Materials and Methods: Present study was a comparative study conducted on 100 Patients presented with clinical history of Dengue. At Microbiology Laboratory, serum of all samples was assessed for NS1 detection using antigen Rapid test and ELISA. Sensitivity & specificity values were calculated for NS1 antigen rapid test, compared with ELISA. Results: Out of 100 serum samples collected from suspected cases of Dengue in and around Anantapuramu, 30 (30%) were positive for ELISA and 28 (28%) were positive for Rapid diagnostic test. Sensitivity & specificity when only NS1 was considered on rapid test kits when compared with ELISA were 93.33%, 98.57%, Conclusion: It is concluded that ELISA test was superior in the diagnosis of Dengue and recommended on improvement in sensitivity of RDTs.

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