scholarly journals Excess weight in preschool children: The role of food intake

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Dayse Rafaele Lima dos SANTOS ◽  
Pedro Israel Cabral de LIRA ◽  
Giselia Alves Pontes da SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
The Public ◽  
Catch Up

ABSTRACT Objective: The study aimed to compare the food intake of overweight/obese and normal weight preschoolers and to verify whether excess weight is associated with low birth weight, catch-up growth, early weaning, and physical activity/inactivity Methods: This case-control study was conducted in family healthcare units of the city of Olinda, Pernambuco, from May to August 2014 Results: A total of 253 children were studied, 84 with 'excess weight' and 164 with 'normal weight'. In the 'overweight/obese' and 'normal weight' groups, 77% and 43% of the children, respectively, had high calorie intake. The 'overweight/obese' group had lower fruit intake, higher maternal education level, higher family income, higher maternal excess weight, and presence of catch-up growth and inactivity Conclusion: The results suggest that food intake has an important role, but that other variables contribute to excess weight in children. Recognition of the problem's many causes should guide the public policies directed at this age group to prevent this nutritional disorder.

scholarly journals Factors associated with obesity and overweight in school-aged children

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 712-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia Christina Caetano de Souza ◽  
Jacqueline Domingues Tibúrcio ◽  
Juliana Mara Flores Bicalho ◽  
Heloiza Maria de Siqueira Rennó ◽  
Jacqueline Souza Dutra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Education ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Obesity And Overweight

To assess the factors associated with excess weight (overweight/obese) in school children enrolled in the public education network in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cross-sectional study with 1187 children between 6 and 14 years of age from municipal schools in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais. The prevalence of obesity and overweight was calculated based on the parameters of the World Health Organization, using the WHO Anthro-Plus Program. Logistic regression was used to identify the variables associated with excess weight, at a significance level of 5%. A prevalence of 24.4% of excess weight was identified. Family income and maternal education were determinants of overweight in the study population (p<0.05). Excess weight was configured as an important health problem among the students. The public power needs to implement intersectoral measures with a view to the prevention and reduction of the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children.

scholarly journals Maternal excess weight and nutritional status of preschool children

10.3823/2271 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaína Paula Costa da Silva ◽  
Viviane Gabriela Nascimento ◽  
José Maria Pacheco de Souza ◽  
Claudio Leone ◽  
Sonia Buongermino de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

Introduction: The increasing prevalence and early occurrence of excess weight in childhood suggests an association with the habits and nutritional status of the parents, as preschool aged children are still strongly influenced by the home environment. Objective: This study sought to evaluate the association between excess weight in parents and the nutritional status of preschool aged children. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study, the nutritional status of 224 children aged two-six from seven private schools in São Paulo city was classified into two categories: a low or appropriate body mass index (BMI) group called ‘normal weight’ and an overweight or obese group, called ‘excess weight’ according to the World Health Organization. The independent variables were: maternal and paternal nutritional status, sex of the child, family income, maternal education, duration of breastfeeding, age of mother and father and weight and length of the child at birth. A multiple generalised linear regression examined the relation between the independent variables and child excess weight. Results: Mothers with excess weight presented a prevalence ratio of 1.3 (CI90%: 1.08 to 1.59) of children with excess weight compared to normal weight mothers, but not for fathers. Breastfeeding duration of over 12 months was a protective factor against excess weight of the child, 0.71 (CI90%: 0.51 to 0.99). Conclusion: The interpretation of the results, even considering the possible limitations, demonstrates that there is an association between excess weight of preschool age children and maternal excess weight, but not with father’s excess weight.

scholarly journals A structured literature review on the role of mindfulness, mindful eating and intuitive eating in changing eating behaviours: effectiveness and associated potential mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Warren ◽  
Nicola Smith ◽  
Margaret Ashwell
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Intuitive Eating ◽  
Mindful Eating ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
External Cues ◽  
Structured Literature Review

AbstractThe role of mindfulness, mindful eating and a newer concept of intuitive eating in modulating eating habits is an area of increasing interest. In this structured literature review, a summary of the current evidence is presented, together with details of interventions undertaken and the tools to measure outcomes. It is broad in scope given the emerging evidence base in this area. The review yielded sixty-eight publications: twenty-three interventions in obese/overweight populations; twenty-nine interventions in normal-weight populations; sixteen observational studies, three of which were carried out in overweight/obese populations. Mindfulness-based approaches appear most effective in addressing binge eating, emotional eating and eating in response to external cues. There is a lack of compelling evidence for the effectiveness of mindfulness and mindful eating in weight management. Mindfulness-based approaches may prevent weight gain. Reduced food intake was seen in some of the studies in overweight and obese populations, but this was less apparent in the studies in normal-weight populations. The evidence base for intuitive eating is limited to date and further research is needed to examine its potential in altering eating behaviours. Mindfulness appears to work by an increased awareness of internal, rather than external, cues to eat. Mindfulness and mindful eating have the potential to address problematic eating behaviours and the challenges many face with controlling their food intake. Encouraging a mindful eating approach would seem to be a positive message to be included in general weight management advice to the public.

Role of physiology and environmental factors on food intake control in boys

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Bellissimo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Physiologic Regulation

To examine the hypothesis that physiologic regulation of short-term food intake (FI) in boys is affected by the interaction between physiological and environmental factors, four studies were conducted. The primary objectives were as follows: (i) to compare the effect of glucose and whey-protein (50 g) preloads on satiety and FI as affected by time to the next meal and body composition in normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) boys; (ii) to examine the role of short-duration physical activity on subjective appetite and to identify the role of and associations between fitness and FI at a pizza lunch 30 min after glucose and whey-protein drinks in NW boys; (iii) to determine the effect of television viewing (TVV) on FI of boys at a meal and its effect on caloric compensation at the test meal after a premeal glucose drink; and (iv) to determine the reproducibility of short-term FI and subjective appetite after a glucose preload, ventilation threshold (VT), and body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Obese boys responded less than NW boys to whey protein, with time (30 vs. 60 min) to the next meal the response decreasing to glucose but increasing to protein. Subjective appetite was increased by short-duration physical activity and FI following glucose and whey-protein preloads was positively associated with VT in boys. TVV while eating a meal contributed to increased energy intake by delaying normal mealtime satiation and reducing satiety signals from previously consumed foods. Short-term FI after a glucose preload, subjective appetite after glucose and physical activity, VT, and body composition assessed by BIA were reproducible in boys. In conclusion, physiologic regulation of short-term FI in boys was affected by the interaction between physiological and environmental factors. Macronutrient source, body weight and composition, time to the next meal, short-duration physical activity and fitness, and TVV at mealtime impacted on FI regulation in boys.

Loxiglumide, a CCK-A receptor antagonist, stimulates calorie intake and hunger feelings in humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (4) ◽  
pp. R1149-R1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Beglinger ◽  
Lukas Degen ◽  
Daniel Matzinger ◽  
Massimo D'Amato ◽  
Jürgen Drewe
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fluid Ingestion ◽  
Crossover Studies

Exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) induces early satiety when infused into humans. Whether alimentary CCK (CCK-A) receptor blockade stimulates food intake in humans is, however, uncertain. The aim of the present investigation was, therefore, to establish the effect of CCK-A receptor blockade on satiety and eating behavior in healthy volunteers. To further explore the role of endogenous CCK, the effects of the specific CCK-A receptor antagonist loxiglumide (Lox; 22 μmol · kg−1 · h−1) on satiety and eating behavior were investigated in healthy men and compared with saline infusions (as placebo) in a series of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover studies. Lox produced a slight (7%), but not significant ( P = 0.104), increase in food intake that was accompanied by a modest (10%), but significant ( P < 0.004), increase in calorie intake. Fluid ingestion was not affected by Lox. Subjects experienced more hunger and delayed fullness during Lox infusion than during saline infusion ( P < 0.05). This study provides further evidence that CCK is an endogenous physiological satiety signal acting through CCK-A receptor-mediated mechanisms. Repeated-dose studies comparing hunger and satiety responses after CCK-A receptor blockade in healthy subjects and patients with eating disorders may help clarify the possible involvement of endogenous CCK in these conditions.

scholarly journals The behaviour of overweight dogs shows similarity with personality traits of overweight humans

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 172398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ákos Pogány ◽  
Orsolya Torda ◽  
Lieta Marinelli ◽  
Rita Lenkei ◽  
Vanda Junó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Food Reward ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Breed Differences

Excessive food intake and the resulting excess weight gain is a growing problem in human and canine populations. Dogs, due to their shared living environment with humans, may provide a beneficial model to study the causes and consequences of obesity. Here, we make use of two well-established research paradigms (two-way choice paradigm and cognitive bias test), previously applied with dogs, to investigate the role of obesity and obesity-prone breeds for food responsiveness. We found no evidence of breed differences in food responsiveness due to one breed being more prone to obesity than another. Breed differences found in this study, however, can be explained by working dog status, i.e. whether the dog works in cooperation with, or independently from, humans. Our results also confirm that overweight dogs, as opposed to normal weight dogs, tried to maximize food intake from the higher quality food and hesitated to do the task when the food reward was uncertain. These results are very similar to those expected from the parallel models that exist between certain personality traits and being overweight in humans, suggesting that dogs are indeed a promising model for experimentally investigating obesity in humans.

scholarly journals The Role of Substrate Oxidation on Food Intake Regulation in Normal‐Weight Boys and Men

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Hunschede ◽  
Dalia El Khoury ◽  
Chris Smith ◽  
Sophie Antoine‐Jonville ◽  
Scott Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Substrate Oxidation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Food Intake Regulation ◽  
Intake Regulation

scholarly journals The role of IL-6 in exercise-induced anorexia in normal-weight boys

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 979-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Hunschede ◽  
Alexander Schwartz ◽  
Ruslan Kubant ◽  
Scott G. Thomas ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Appetite Suppression ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Over Time

Our previous study showed that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is associated with suppression of appetite after high-intensity exercise (HIEX), but an independent role in food intake (FI) was not defined. We hypothesized that IL-6 suppresses appetite and FI, independently of appetite hormones, after HIEX in normal-weight (NW) boys. We investigated the effect of HIEX, with and without the inflammation inhibitor ibuprofen (IBU), on IL-6, other biomarkers of inflammation and appetite, FI, and ratings of appetite in NW boys. Fifteen NW boys (aged 13–18 years) were randomly assigned in a crossover design to 4 sessions: (i) water and rest, (ii) IBU and rest, (iii) water and HIEX, and (iv) IBU and HIEX. HIEX consisted of three 10-min bouts of exercise at 75% of maximal oxygen uptake with 90 s of active rest between bouts. IBU (300 mg) was given as a liquid suspension. FI, ratings of appetite, and plasma biomarkers of appetite, inflammation, stress, and glucose control were measured. FI was not affected by HIEX or IBU. Appetite increased over time (p = 0.002) but was lower after HIEX (p < 0.001) and not affected by IBU. HIEX, but not IBU, resulted in higher levels of IL-6 (p < 0.001) and cortisol (p < 0.001) and lower active ghrelin (p < 0.001). IL-6 correlated with active ghrelin (r = 0.37; p = 0.036) and cortisol (r = 0.26; p = 0.049). An independent role for IL-6 in appetite suppression was not supported. However, IL-6 was correlated with active ghrelin and cortisol, thus potentially mediating appetite via these interactions.

Interaction between GLP-1 and CCK-33 in inhibiting food intake and appetite in men

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (3) ◽  
pp. R562-R567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Gutzwiller ◽  
Lukas Degen ◽  
Daniel Matzinger ◽  
Sven Prestin ◽  
Christoph Beglinger
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Orange Juice ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Calorie Consumption ◽  
Individual Effects ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and CCK-33 were intravenously infused alone or in combination into normal weight men for 60 min before they were served a lunch of ham sandwiches, chocolate mousse, and orange juice. Infusion of GLP-1 (dose: 0.9 pmol·kg−1·min−1) or CCK-33 (dose: 0.2 pmol·kg−1·min−1) each reduced calorie intake of the test meal. However, simultaneous infusion of these peptide doses reduced calorie intake less than the sum of the peptides' individual effects. Infusions of the same doses of GLP-1 plus CCK-33 had neither individual nor interactive effects on meal size or calorie consumption. The combination of GLP-1 plus CCK-33 induced, however, a significant reduction in hunger feelings in the premeal period ( P = 0.036 vs. all other treatments). In summary, intravenous infusion of near physiological doses of CCK-33 and GLP-1 produced specific inhibitions of hunger feeling in men; the simultaneous infusion resulted in an infra-additive reduction in calorie consumption, rejecting thereby the hypothesis that the two peptides exert a positive synergistic effect on food intake compared with the effects observed with infusion of individual peptides. In conclusion, CCK and GLP-1 are meal-related satiety signals that are released from the gastrointestinal tract during food intake.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN STATUS GIZI DAN BERAT LAHIR PADA ANAK USIA 2-3 TAHUN

e-CliniC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Patandianan ◽  
Adrian Umboh ◽  
Sarah Warouw
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Nutritional Status Of Children

Abstract: Based on Riskesdas 2013, national prevalence of severely underweight 5,7%, underweight 13,9%, normal 75,9% and overweight 4,5%. Many factors affect the nutritional status of children under 5 years: socio-economic, maternal education, place of residence, birth status, infection, genetic, immunization, the status of breastfeeding, complementary feeding, health care, intervals of pregnancy and birth weight. Small for gestational age (SGA) refers to infants born weighing less than the weight of pregnancy it is supposed to. Catch up growth leads low birth weight baby to reach or to exceed a normal weight later. Catch up growth spontaneously occurred in 2 years old children and without spontaneous catch up growth at 3 years, it is not possible to experience it later without therapeutic intervention. The purpose of this study is to measure the weight and height of children aged between 2-3 years old with a history of SGA, determine nutritional status and determine the relationship between nutritional status and birth weight. This research took place at Prof Dr RD Kandou Hospital Manado and samples’ house, from October to December 2014. This study was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional approach and used consecutive sampling method. There were 39 children aged between 2-3 years old with a history of SGA as samples, who were born in Prof Dr RD Kandou Hospital from December 2011 to December 2012. Nutritional status by weight for age 5,1% severely underweight, 15,4% underweight, 79,5% normal; by height for age 25,6% severely stunted, 28,2% stunted and 46,2% normal; by weight for height 5,1% wasted, 89,8% normal and 5,1% overweight; by BMI for age 5,1% stunted, 84,6% normal and 10,3% overweight. There is no relationship between nutritional status and birth weight in children aged between 2-3 years old with a history of SGA (p> 0.05).Keywords: nutritional status, birth weight, SGAAbstrak: Berdasarkan Riskesdas 2013, prevalensi nasional gizi buruk 5,7%, gizi kurang 13,9%, gizi baik 75,9% dan gizi lebih 4,5%. Banyak faktor yang yang mempengaruhi status gizi anak dibawah 5 tahun: sosial-ekonomi, pendidikan ibu, tempat tinggal, status kelahiran, infeksi, genetik, imunisasi, status menyusui, makanan pendamping, perawatan kesehatan, interval kehamilan dan berat lahir. Kecil masa kehamilan (KMK) mengacu pada bayi lahir dengan berat kurang dari berat seharusnya untuk masa kehamilan itu. Tumbuh kejar menyebabkan bayi dengan berat badan lahir rendah mencapai atau melebihi berat badan normal di kemudian hari. Tumbuh kejar spontan terjadi pada usia 2 tahun dan anak tanpa tumbuh kejar spontan pada usia 3 tahun tidak mungkin untuk mengalami hal itu kemudian tanpa intervensi terapeutik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengukur berat badan dan tinggi badan anak 2-3 tahun dengan riwayat KMK, menentukan status gizinya dan mengetahui hubungan antara status gizi terhadap berat lahir. Lokasi penelitian di RSUP Prof Dr RD Kandou Manado dan rumah sampel penelitian, dari Oktober-Desember 2014. Penelitian ini merupakan analitik observasional dengan pendekatan potong lintang dan menggunakan metode consecutive sampling. Didapatkan sampel sebanyak 39 anak usia 2-3 tahun dengan riwayat kecil masa kehamilan yang lahir di RSUP Prof Dr RD Kandou periode Desember 2011 – Desember 2012. Status gizi menurut BB/U gizi buruk 5,1%, gizi kurang 15,4%, gizi baik 79,5%; menurut TB/U sangat pendek 25,6%, pendek 28,2% dan normal 46,2%; menurut BB/TB kurus 5,1%, normal 89,8% dan berat badan lebih 5,1%; menurut IMT/U kurus 5,1%, normal 84,6% dan berat badan lebih 10,3%. Tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi dan berat lahir pada anak usia 2-3 tahun dengan riwayat KMK (p>0,05).Kata kunci: status gizi, berat lahir, KMK

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document