scholarly journals The discretionary use of oil revenues in Brazil: Federal dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (spe) ◽  
pp. 667-679
Author(s):  
BENI TROJBICZ ◽  
CATARINA IANNI SEGATTO
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Oil Revenues ◽  
Economic Stabilization ◽  
Brazilian Case ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article analyzes the Brazilian case of federal centralization of oil revenues, to show how jurisdictions’ preferences may direct federal dynamics through central federative mechanisms. The study uses historical and institutional approaches that explain continuity and change in territorial regimes. Specifically, we analyse the loss of discretionary power in the use of oil resources through the understanding whether and how these changes affected the approval of National Law 12858 in 2013, which determined that federal government, states, and municipalities should spend their share of oil revenues on education and health. We show the way subnational preferences affect federal policies, highlighting the importance of causality and context, both politically and institutionally, and indicating a return to a governability pattern that seemed to be buried with the economic stabilization plan of 1994.

scholarly journals Uso discricionário das receitas de petróleo no Brasil: dinâmicas federativas

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (spe) ◽  
pp. 667-679
Author(s):  
BENI TROJBICZ ◽  
CATARINA IANNI SEGATTO
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Discretionary Power ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Oil Revenues ◽  
Economic Stabilization ◽  
Brazilian Case ◽  
The Way

Abstract This article analyzes the Brazilian case of federal centralization of oil revenues, to show how jurisdictions’ preferences may direct federal dynamics through central federative mechanisms. The study uses historical and institutional approaches that explain continuity and change in territorial regimes. Specifically, we analyse the loss of discretionary power in the use of oil resources through the understanding whether and how these changes affected the approval of National Law 12858 in 2013, which determined that federal government, states, and municipalities should spend their share of oil revenues on education and health. We show the way subnational preferences affect federal policies, highlighting the importance of causality and context, both politically and institutionally, and indicating a return to a governability pattern that seemed to be buried with the economic stabilization plan of 1994.

scholarly journals Attending Professional Health Education Meetings

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Eleanor Dixon-Terry
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
New Professionals ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
Professional Health ◽  
Professional Meeting ◽  
Direct Immersion ◽  
The Way

The profession of health education and health promotion involves a journey of discovery, where along the way, the student and new professional is uncovers many layers and nuances. One of the mysteries surrounding the profession is the participation in a professional meeting. Student and new professionals often perceive this to be challenging, overwhelming and fraught with roadblocks and barriers. While understanding perceptions of mystery from those entering the field about professional meetings, the best way to fully engage in the profession and to get the full effect and benefit of a professional health education meeting is through direct immersion and personal experience.

scholarly journals Entanglement of Top-Down and Bottom-Up: Sociotechnical Innovation Pathways of Geothermal Energy in Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Ejderyan ◽  
Franziska Ruef ◽  
Michael Stauffacher
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Federal Policies ◽  
Deep Geothermal Energy ◽  
Policy Incentives

By looking at deep geothermal energy in Switzerland, this article illustrates how innovation pathways in federal countries take entangled forms between top-down and bottom-up. The Swiss federal government presents deep geothermal energy as an important technology to decarbonize electricity production. Setbacks in early projects have slowed these efforts. Despite strong policy incentives from the federal government, no electricity is being produced from geothermal projects in Switzerland in 2019. Based on four case studies, we analyze how some cantons and cities have taken different pathways: Rather than implementing federal objectives, they favor heat production instead of electricity generation. The relative success of these initiatives led federal authorities to modify their approach to promoting geothermal energy. This study shows that federal mechanisms and instruments alone are not enough to make energy infrastructures acceptable locally. To learn from bottom-up experiences and adapt federal policies to local reality, better coordination between the federal and subnational levels is needed.

Do State Methods of Quantifying a Severe Discrepancy Result in Fewer Students with Learning Disabilities?

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Finlan
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Students With Learning Disabilities ◽  
Students With Ld ◽  
Severe Discrepancy ◽  
The Way

Minimizing misclassification of students with LD is a major concern for policymakers, particularly if financial incentives are available for placing children in such programs. In the current study, individual states' methods of defining a severe discrepancy for determining LD eligibility are examined, as well as the way use of such methods influences misclassification. The percentage of the total population identified as LD by individual states (as reported to the federal government) was compared. Results showed variations from 2.19% to 8.66% in the percentage of students aged 7 to 16 identified as LD across states. Seven of the states in the lowest percentage decile used a method for determining a severe discrepancy; in comparison, only two of the states in the decile identifying the most students used a method of determining a severe discrepancy. It was concluded that use of any method to determine a severe discrepancy may help reduce the number of inappropriate placements resulting from labeling students as LD.

Regulating Natural Monopoly: Are Price Caps an Alternative to Rate of Return Targets?

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-120
Author(s):  
Colm Kearney ◽  
Ivo Favotto
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Natural Monopoly ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Price Cap Regulation ◽  
Price Cap ◽  
Price Caps ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

As the process of corporatisation and privatisation of both State and Federal Government Business Enterprises gathers pace, increasing attention is being placed on the way in which these organisations are regulated. The Prices Surveillance Authority has recently proposed a change in the way it conducts surveillance of prices from a cost based system to a price cap system. Price capping, as a form of regulation, has been used extensively in the UK and the US for some time. The article argues that the lesson of this international experience is that price caps may not be the answer to the traditional problems associated with cost based regulation and that price caps may have additional disadvantages, particularly incentives for under investment, although it may have some other advantages. Some alternative regulatory options are then examined, mainly involving modifications to both cost based and price cap regulation.

Translation in the architectural phenomenology of Christian Norberg-Schulz

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Anna Ulrikke Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Specific Focus ◽  
The Way

This article offers a step by step analysis of an undiscussed note written by Christian Nor-berg-Schulz 18 April 1979, titled Translation, as I ask what role the notion of transla-tion played in his theory of genius loci. Scholars have recently shown interest in the way the field of translation and architecture intersect and can inform each other. Norberg-Schulz is widely read and researched, but the role of translation in his authorship has to date been undiscussed. Springing from my discovery of the note in the archive, I revisit Norberg-Schulz's phenomenological approach to architecture with a specific focus upon the notion of translation.I uncover his references from this note and see these in light of his published work, particularly his landmark treatise Genius Loci: towards a phenomenology of architecture (1980). Building upon a long tradition of architectural theory, involving ideas from Vitruvius and Gottfried Semper, I argue that the theme of translation is recurrent throughout Norberg-Schulz's theoretical authorship, appearing in his theory of genius loci, his understanding of continuity and change, accounts of Norwegian architectural culture, and writings about the architecture of Louis Kahn.Here, translation is seen as a tool for gathering, in the Heideggerian sense, which gives birth to an architecture in which the architectural outcome is not inferior to its pre-cursor, but simply different and from which something constructive might emerge. Seen in relation to the notion of architecture as language, it could even be argued to be a vital core to Norgerg-Schulz's longstanding interest in the meaning of architecture and place and how design must negotiate continuity and change. Understanding the genius loci as vital in architectural appropriation, as design, thus, implies a process of transla-tion, arguably a vital contribution to the ongoing interest in the intersection of architecture and translation.

scholarly journals The Reform in Government Expenditure and the Standard of Living in Bahrain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatema Alaali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Oil Revenues ◽  
The Relationship

The drop of oil prices since the second half of 2014 have affected the credit risk and liquidity situation in Bahrain. Therefore, Bahrain have implemented substantial economic diversification in the economic structure including manufacturing, refining, tourism, trade and finance. With the recognition of the importance of governments expenditure restructuring, Bahrain government introduced number of initiatives such as streamlining government expenditure, increasing revenues, and redirecting government subsidies towards eligible citizens. Understanding the relationship between revenues, government spending and economic growth is an essential perception in evaluating the efficiency of government’s strategy in managing its resources and the impact on the standard of living in any country. This chapter examines the relationship between total government expenditure as well as sectoral government spending (specifically education and health sectors), oil revenues and the economic growth of Bahrain using time series data over the period 1989–2015. To achieve this aim, the vector error correction model (VECM) is employed. In order to ensure the sustainability of resources and maintain economic growth, Bahrain should continue managing its expenditure, by cutting down expenses on certain sectors through privatization, and increasing spending on health and education sectors.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE NORTH SEA OIL RESOURCES IN NORWAY’S ECONOMY

2015 ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
D. A. Talagaeva ◽  
A. A. Trashchenko
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Oil Revenues ◽  
State Revenues

Today Norway is a highly developed country with a predominantly service sector in the economic structure. However, oil continues to play a major role in the life of the state and society as one third of state revenues is based on oil resources, while export of raw materials totals more than a half of the country's overall export. However, it is not quite possible to cover the entire oil sector in Norway within the scope of one piece of work due to the differences in the characteristics of each of the three sources of the country's oil. In this context, the resources of the Norwegian and Barents Seas are associated with the problems of the Arctic and the Arctic law. At the same time, the North Sea is the most regulated area, besides it is the so called "homeland" of the oil production in Norway. Thus, this paper analyzes the role of the North Sea oil in the economy of Norway, which is the basis of its economic prosperity. Due to its oil revenues, Norway was once able to build a welfare state. Also the unique system of accumulation of oil revenues, which is reflected in the functioning of the Government Pension Fund of Norway, is a relevant issue as well. The article deals with the emergence of the oil industry in the country from a historical perspective, and analyzes its current state, including a detailed analysis of the existing fields and pipelines. Furthermore, the authors propose the estimation of state revenues from the oil production in the North Sea.

scholarly journals Curricular and Extra‐Curricular Programs Supporting Improved International Learning Mobility Experiences: An Emerging Trend in Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Molony
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Student Experience ◽  
Student Life ◽  
True Value ◽  
International Learning ◽  
The Way

International learning mobility is a strategic and operational priority for both the federal government and the majority of universities in Australia. The typical student experience of learning mobility is a solitary one with little opportunity for students to integrate the experience into the academic and social elements of their student life. This article presents a study based on five cases, which are offered as being indicative of work in the area that holds promise for the strengthening of the Australian learning mobility offering. This study is not comprehensive across the sector and is not presented as being representative. Therefore, identifying the true value of these programs and others like them, as well as identifying the true value of Australia’s international learning mobility, requires major improvements in the way program and participant data is collected and analysed. 

Russian budget plan points to shift in priorities

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Federal Spending ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Welfare Spending ◽  
Education And Health

Significance Plans for the next three years point to a rebalancing in the structure of expenditure, with greater emphasis on spending on health, education and support for the economy. Federal government spending is projected to remain approximately at current levels while declining as a proportion of GDP as the economy grows. Impacts Gains in living standards may be unevenly distributed across regions as welfare spending declines as a share of GDP. Financial pressures on local government may ease with higher federal spending on education and health. The Central Bank has been given a free hand to deal with banking sector stress, but this may change if the sector experiences a crisis.

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