scholarly journals Qualidade do Solo sob Cultivo de Banana em Sistemas de Produção Orgânico e Convencional em Gonçalves (MG)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Vanêssa Lopes de Faria ◽  
Rogério Melloni ◽  
Eliane Guimarães Pereira Melloni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Conventional Production

O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade do solo em função dos diferentes sistemas de produção orgânico e convencional de banana mediante análise integrada dos atributos físicos, químicos e microbiológicos, tendo como referência uma área de mata nativa. As amostras deformadas e indeformadas foram coletadas na profundidade de 0 a 20 cm, no município de Gonçalves (MG) e submetidas às análises físicas (textura, densidade do solo, densidade de partículas, porosidade total, diâmetro médio geométrico e ponderado), químicas (fertilidade básica e matéria orgânica), microbiológicas (carbono da biomassa microbiana, atividade microbiana e qCO2). Os resultados indicam que as práticas culturais e o manejo do solo adotado no sistema de produção orgânico e convencional contribuíram para um aporte expressivo de matéria orgânica atribuído à constante deposição da biomassa da bananeira, sem diferença com a área de referência de mata nativa, havendo, dessa forma, manutenção da qualidade física e microbiológica do solo. Os indicadores químicos apresentaram condições químicas favoráveis ao desenvolvimento do plantel nos sistemas orgânicos, e em especial nos sistemas convencionais, onde, além do material orgânico depositado, houve adição de insumos químicos. Ressalta-se as limitações da seleção dos indicadores químicos, os quais não avaliaram os efeitos dos insumos químicos utilizados nos sistemas convencionais, sendo este, o principal fator que diferencia o manejo realizado nos sistemas orgânicos e convencionais. Soil Quality under Banana Cultivation in Organic and Conventional Production Systems in Gonçalves (MG) ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was to evaluate the soil quality depending on different banana cultivation conventional and organic systems, through integrated analysis of physical, chemical and microbiological attributes, using an area of a native forest as reference. The deformed and not deformed samples were collected at a depth of 0 to 20 cm in the city of Gonçalves (Minas Gerais’ state), then undergo to physic analysis (texture, soil density, particle density, total porosity, weighted geometric mean diameter); chemical (soil fertility and organic matter); and microbiological (microbial biomass carbon, microbial activity and qCO2). The results indicated that the cultural practices and the soil management adopted in the organic and conventional productions system contributed to an expressive input of organic matter, improving soil quality in terms of physical, chemical and microbiological aspects. Thus, due to the similarity of soil quality, it is recommended that the practices of adding agricultural inputs to conventional production systems be reviewed.Keywords: use of the soil, banana cultivation, indicators of the soil quality.

A Study of the Chemical and Physical Characteristics of the Soils from the South of Piauí for Soil-Cement Brick Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Edson Cavalcanti Silva Filho ◽  
João Sammy Nery de Souza ◽  
Josy Anteveli Osajima ◽  
Marcelo Barbosa Furtini
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
The South ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Made In

Soil-cement bricks are good examples of environmentally friendly products. This brick is the combination of soil with compacted cement with no combustion in its production. In this work the physical chemical characteristics of the soil from Piaui for producing this material were investigated. Samples of the soil were collected in three potteries from the county of Bom Jesus and pH analysis were carried out, as well as the rate of organic matter, texture, particle density, limits of liquidity and plasticity rates. The results have shown that the soils have acid tones (pH 5,49 a 6,11), which can be neutralized by adding cement, and organic matter percentages up to 1%. The samples have shown predominantly clay-rich textures with adequate plasticity limits, however, values of liquidity limits and particle density above recommended. Altogether, these soils tend to present viability concerning soil-cement brick production, provided that corrections with additives are made in order to minimize this effect.

scholarly journals Physical properties and particle-size fractions of soil organic matter in crop-livestock integration

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Tirloni ◽  
Antonio Carlos Tadeu Vitorino ◽  
Anderson Cristian Bergamin ◽  
Luiz Carlos Ferreira de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Crop-livestock integration represents an interesting alternative of soil management, especially in regions where the maintenance of cover crops in no-tillage systems is difficult. The objective of this study was to evaluate soil physical and chemical properties, based on the hypothesis that a well-managed crop-livestock integration system improves the soil quality and stabilizes the system. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design, with five replications. The treatments were arranged in a 6 x 4 factorial design, to assess five crop rotation systems in crop-livestock integration, and native forest as reference of soil undisturbed by agriculture, in four layers (0.0-0.05; 0.05-0.10; 0.10-0.15 and 0.15-0.20 m). The crop rotation systems in crop-livestock integration promoted changes in soil physical and chemical properties and the effects of the different systems were mainly detected in the surface layer. The crops in integrated crop-livestock systems allowed the maintenance of soil carbon at levels equal to those of the native forest, proving the efficiency of these systems in terms of soil conservation. The systems influenced the environmental stability positively; the soil quality indicator mineral-associated organic matter was best related to aggregate stability.

scholarly journals Organic Matter Fractions and Carbon Management Index in Oxisol Under Integrated Agricultural Production Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Rocha De Moraes Rego ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira ◽  
Jeferson Tiago Piano ◽  
Jean Sérgio Rosset ◽  
Jonas Francisco Egewarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
Carbon Management Index ◽  
Reference Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

This work aimed to evaluate the oxidizable and chemical fractions of organic matter and the carbon management index in different integrated agricultural production systems, hay production and native forest areas in an Oxisol. Nine areas with different management systems were evaluated being six managements of the combination between different oat density (40 and 60 kg ha-1) and grazing frequencies (0, 1 and 2) in autumn-winter and soybean succession in spring-summer, one with natural reseeding ryegrass and forage turnip in autumn-winter and soybean succession in spring-summer and two reference areas. In each soil management systems were collected soil samples composite in the 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm layers and determined the Total Organic Carbon (TOC), humic substances (Fulvic Acids - FA, Humic Acids - HA and humin - HUM), the carbon in the oxidizable fractions (F1, F2, F3 and F4) and Carbon Management Index (CMI). Were observed that chemical, oxidizable fractions and CMI, do not have significant differences between with the various managements each other. For TOC, HA, HUM, F1, F3, F4 and CMI, the managements did not differ from the reference areas indicating maintenance of soil carbon.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Tillage Intensities on Physicochemical and Microbial Properties of a Eutric Fluvisol Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Gajda ◽  
Ewa Antonina Czyż ◽  
Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Level Indicator ◽  
Microbial Properties

The physicochemical and microbial properties of soil under long-term monoculture of winter wheat were studied to assess the effects of two tillage systems of different intensities: reduced (RT) and conventional (CT). The research was carried out on an 18-year-old experimental field at Grabów (eastern Poland) between 2018 and 2020. The RT (ploughless) and the CT (mouldboard ploughing) systems with machine operating depths of up to 10 and 25 cm, respectively, were used. The analysed parameters were as follows: soil texture, pH, readily dispersible clay content (RDC), soil organic matter (SOM), carbon from particulate organic matter (POM-C), hot- and cold-water-extractable organic carbon (HWEC, CWEC) and nitrogen (HWEN, CWEN), soil basal respiration (SBR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), nitrification potential (NP), dehydrogenases (DEH), and acid (ACP) and alkaline (ALP) phosphatases activities. Several single soil quality indices, including: metabolic (qCO2) and microbial (MicQ) quotients, enzymatic pH level indicator (EpHI), stratification ratio (SR), and metabolic potential index (MP) were calculated. The use of RT resulted in increased SOM and, therefore, in decreased RDC and increased values of soil stability, POM-C, HWEC, CWEC, HWEN, CWEN, MBC, and MBN in relation to CT. The MicQ, EpHI, SR, and MP well reflected the effects of RT and CT systems on soil and appeared to be useful in soil quality assessment. The results showed the beneficial effects on soil of the less intensive RT system in comparison with CT. Statistical analysis showed the significance of differences between tillage systems and interrelationships between the studied soil quality parameters.

scholarly journals The Effects of Vermicompost on Yield and Some Growth Parameters of Lettuce

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alper Durak ◽  
Özlem Altuntaş ◽  
İbrahim Kutalmış Kutsal ◽  
Rabia Işık ◽  
Fırat Ege Karaat
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Biological Quality ◽  
Physical Chemical

Due to its importance for organic agriculture, one of the most important agricultural production systems, various sources have been proposed to increase soil organic matter content. Vermicompost is one of those sources known as the resistant last form of farmyard manure which is degraded by earthworms. Soil organic matter or humus and their compounds are nutrient sources that increase physical, chemical and biological quality of soil. Humus and humus compounds improve soil physical, chemical and biological quality parameters increasing rhizosphere aeration and water holding capacity, rehabilitating soil structure, providing plant nutrients and constituting natural media for microorganisms with their regulative effects on soil reactions. In this study, the effects of vermicompost on yield and some growth parameters of lettuce were investigated. For this purpose, a random block designed experiment with 5 different applications was conducted in 3 replicates. The applications were control, vermicompost applications of 100 kg, 200 kg and 300 kg per decare and conventional fertilization. According to the results obtained, yield and growth parameters were improved by vermicompost application when compared to control and conventional fertilization. As a result of this study, it was concluded that 300 kg vermicompost/da is a promising application in lettuce production for optimal yield and soil improvement.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF CONVERTING AREAS CULTIVATED WITH SUGARCANE TO EUCALYPT PLANTATIONS ON SOIL QUALITY IN NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldair de Souza Medeiros ◽  
Rener Luciano de Souza Ferraz ◽  
Thamirys Suelle da Silva ◽  
Anderson Vitor Lins da Silva ◽  
Stoécio Malta Ferreira Maia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Region ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Properties Of Soil

ABSTRACT Reforestation is considered an effective method to improve soil quality and drain atmospheric CO2 by sequestering carbon, in both soil and vegetation. In this regard, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of converting areas cultivated with sugarcane to eucalypt plantations (Eucalyptus spp.) on soil quality and carbon sequestration in a Latossolo (Ferralsol) in the Atlantic Forest region of the Alagoas state, Brazil, through multivariate analysis. The systems under evaluation consisted of four areas: one area cultivated with sugarcane for approximately 20 years, taken as the reference area of this study, and the other three adjacent areas cultivated with eucalypt at 1 (E1), 3 (E3) and 6 (E6) years of age, previously cultivated with sugarcane. Physical (bulk density - BD, Mean weight-diameter - MWD, geometric mean diameter - GMD and aggregate stability index - ASI), chemical (soil organic carbon - SOC, total nitrogen - TN, labile carbon - LC and recalcitrant carbon - RC) and biological (Microbial biomass carbon - MBC, soil carbon respiration - C-CO2 and metabolic quotient - qCO2) properties of soil were evaluated. Data were collected, standardized and submitted to exploratory analysis with principal components. The results show that SOC, LC, TN, GMD, MWD and ASI increased, while BD showed a reduction in E3 and E6 systems. The conversion of sugarcane cultivation with burning of straw and manual harvest into eucalypt plantations was efficient at promoting SOC sequestration and improving physical, chemical and biological properties of soil.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND PHYSICAL FRACTIONS OF ORGANIC MATTER IN OXISOLS UNDER INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Carlos Augusto Rocha De Moraes Rego ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira ◽  
Jeferson Tiago Piano ◽  
Jonas Francisco Egewarth ◽  
Vanessa Aline Egewarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Reference Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production Systems

The main cause of decreased soil fertility and soil organic matter content is intensive crop farming with inadequate management. This study aimed to evaluate soil chemical properties, total organic carbon content, physical granulometric fractions (particulate organic carbon and mineral-associated organic carbon), carbon stocks, and carbon management indices of oxisols in different integrated agricultural production systems (IAPSs) with reference to values in a haymaking area and native forest. The experiments were performed using completely randomized design, considering nine differently managed areas, including seven IAPSs and two reference areas (haymaking area and native forest); four soil samples from the 0.00-0.05, 0.05-0.10, and 0.10-0.20 m layers were randomly collected from each area and the abovementioned variables were evaluated. The results showed no differences in variables between the managed and reference areas, indicating the maintenance of fertility and carbon fractions. Therefore, the tested management strategies promote beneficial modifications of soil properties. Producers should adopt different IAPS management strategies for soil preservation.

A comparison of indexing methods to evaluate quality of soils: the role of soil microbiological properties

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Romaniuk ◽  
Lidia Giuffré ◽  
Alejandro Costantini ◽  
Norberto Bartoloni ◽  
Paolo Nannipieri
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Properties

The study evaluates and compares two procedures for selecting soil quality indicators (used for the construction of soil quality indices, SQI) by using diverse chemical, physical, and biological properties, and evaluates the role of soil microbiological properties in the construction of SQI. Different soil environments were selected from an extensive agricultural production site in the rolling pampa, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The plots included an undisturbed soil, a grassland soil, and continuous tilled soils with four different surface horizon depths (25, 23, 19, and 14 cm). Various properties were measured, and a minimum dataset was chosen by principal component analysis (PCA) considering all measured soil properties together (procedure A), or the PCA was performed separately according to classification as physical, chemical, or biological soil properties (procedure B). The measured soil properties involved physical, chemical, and biochemical properties determined by standard protocols used in routine laboratory analysis (simple SQI, SSQI) or more laborious protocols to determine microbial community structure and function by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and catabolic response profile (CRP), respectively (complex SQI, CSQI). The selected properties were linearly normalised and integrated by the weight additive method to calculate SSQI A, SSQI B, CSQI A, and CSQI B indices. Two microbiological SQI (MSQI) were also calculated; MSQI 1 considered only biological properties according to the procedure used for calculating SQI; MSQI 2 was calculated by considering three selected microbiological parameters representing the size (microbial biomass carbon), activity (soil basal respiration), and functional diversity (evenness, determined by CRP) of the microbial communities. All of the constructed indices show the same differences among the study sites. The inclusion of CRP and PLFA data in the indices slightly increased, or did not increase, the index sensitivity. Microbiological indices had the same sensitivity as the indices integrated by physical, chemical, and biological properties. An evaluation of the SQI constructed by both procedures found no difference in sensitivity. However, SQI constructed by procedure B allowed evaluation of the effects of management practices on physical, chemical, and biological soil properties.

scholarly journals CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOGENIC, INTERMEDIATE AND PHYSICOGENIC SOIL AGGREGATES OF AREAS IN THE BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
JÚLIO CÉSAR FEITOSA FERNANDES ◽  
◽  
MARCOS GERVASIO PEREIRA ◽  
EDUARDO CARVALHO DA SILVA NETO ◽  
THAÍS DE ANDRADE CORRÊA NETO
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Mean Weight Diameter ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT Aggregate formation and stability are related to soil quality, contributing significantly to the carbon storage and nutrient maintenance capacities of the soil. Soil aggregates are formed by two different process: physicogenic, related to moistening and drying cycles and input of organic matter; and biogenic, related to the action of macrofauna organisms and roots. The objective this work was to classify aggregates according to their formation process, quantify and compare organic carbon contents in humic substances and assess the stability of aggregates formed by different processes, in areas with different coverage in the Mid Paraiba Valley, Pinheiral, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Aggregated soil samples were collected at a depth of 0-10 cm, in a Cambisol (Cambissolo Háplico Tb Distrófico) under four plant covers: secondary forest in advanced (SFAS), medium (SFMS) and initial (SFIS) successional stages and managed mixed pasture (MMP). Aggregates were classified and identified into three morphological classes (physicogenic, biogenic and intermediate). The variables evaluated were mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of aggregates, chemical fractions of organic matter, total organic carbon (TOC) and humic substances: humin (C-HUM) humic acid (C-FAH) and fulvic acid (C-FAF). Biogenic aggregates were found in smaller quantities and showed higher TOC, C-HUM and C-FAH, compared to intermediate and physicogenic aggregates. Thus, biogenic aggregates have potential to be used as soil quality indicators for structured environments, which are able to maintain its intrinsic formation processes.

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