scholarly journals Trends of 9,416 multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Decicera Colombo Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Góngora Rubio ◽  
Margarete Teresa Gottardo Almeida ◽  
Mara Corrêa Lelles Nogueira ◽  
Antonio Carlos Campos Pignatari
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Bacterial Sensitivity ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Multiple Antibiotics

Summary Objective: a resistance of hospital-acquired bacteria to multiple antibiotics is a major concern worldwide. The objective of this study was to investigate multidrugresistant (MDR) bacteria, clinical specimens, origin of specimen and trends, and correlate these with bacterial sensitivity and consumption of antimicrobials. Methods: 9,416 bacteria of nosocomial origin were evaluated in a tertiary hospital, from 1999 to 2008. MDR was defined for Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) as resistance to two or more classes/groups of antibiotics. Results: GNB MDR increased by 3.7 times over the study period (p<0.001). Acinetobacter baumannii was the most prevalent (36.2%). Over the study period, there were significant 4.8-fold and 14.6-fold increases for A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae (p<0.001), respectively. Sixty-seven percent of isolates of MDR GNB were isolated in intensive care units. The resistance of A. baumannii to carbapenems increased from 7.4 to 57.5% during the study period and concomitant with an increased consumption. Conclusion: that decade showed prevalence of GNB and a gradual increase in MDR GNB. There was an increase in carbapenem resistance of 50.1% during the study.

scholarly journals Cefiderocol, a new antibiotic against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
José Tiago Silva ◽  
Francisco López-Medrano
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Transport Channels ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Cefiderocol is a novel catechol-substituted siderophore cephalosporin that binds to the extracellular free iron, and uses the bacterial active iron transport channels to penetrate in the periplasmic space of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Cefiderocol overcomes many resistance mechanisms of these bacteria. Cefiderocol is approved for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections, hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia in the case of adults with limited treatment options, based on the clinical data from the APEKS-cUTI, APEKS-NP and CREDIBLE-CR trials. In the CREDIBLE-CR trial, a higher all-cause mortality was observed in the group of patients who received cefiderocol, especially those with severe infections due to Acinetobacter spp. Further phase III clinical studies are necessary in order to evaluate cefiderocol´s efficacy in the treatment of serious infections.

scholarly journals A Review of Superbug: A Global Threat in Health Care System

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhuiyan Mohammad Mahtab Uddin ◽  
Md Abdullah Yusuf ◽  
Zubair Ahmed Ratan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The rapid spread and dissemination of the multidrug-resistant bacteria worldwide represents a major public health problem. The development of antibiotics decreased the mortality among the human and animals leading to a better life expectancy. But the injudicious use of antimicrobials and selection pressure the microbes have developed resistance which became more prominent during last few decades. With the evolution of Methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Hospital-acquired MRSA, Communityacquired MRSA and MDR TB (Multidrug resistant tuberculosis) challenge for the clinicians have increased to a greater extent. The global emergence and dissemination of acquired carbapenemases among gram negative bacteria are considered a major public health problem. Gram-negative bacteria, most notably Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii, are among the most important causes of serious hospital-acquired and community-onset bacterial infections in humans, and resistance to antimicrobial agents in these bacteria has become an increasingly relevant problem. Recent development in nanotechnology based drug delivery system may prove to be solution for combating these resistant bacteria. However policies and regulations for antibiotic use should be formulated to control the further development of resistance among the microbes.Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2017;4(1):25-28

scholarly journals Carbapenemase Genes among Multidrug Resistant Gram Negative Clinical Isolates from a Tertiary Hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha F. Mushi ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana ◽  
Can Imirzalioglu ◽  
Freddie Bwanga
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Class D ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Systemic Infections

The burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rapidly growing across antibiotic classes, with increased detection of isolates resistant to carbapenems. Data on the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in developing countries is limited; therefore, in this study, we determined the prevalence of carbapenemase genes among multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. A total of 227 MDR-GNB isolates were analyzed for carbapenem resistance genes. For each isolate, five different PCR assays were performed, allowing for the detection of the major carbapenemase genes, including those encoding the VIM-, IMP-, and NDM-type metallo-beta-lactamases, the class A KPC-type carbapenemases, and the class D OXA-48 enzyme. Of 227 isolates, 80 (35%) were positive for one or more carbapenemase gene. IMP-types were the most predominant gene followed by VIM, in 49 (21.59%) and 28 (12%) isolates, respectively. Carbapenemase genes were most detected inK. pneumoniae24 (11%), followed byP. aeruginosa23 (10%), andE. coliwith 19 isolates (8%). We have demonstrated for the first time a high prevalence of MDR-GNB clinical isolates having carbapenem resistance genes in Tanzania. We recommend routine testing for carbapenem resistance among the MDR-GNB particularly in systemic infections.

scholarly journals Equal Efficacy of Glucoprotamin and an Aldehyde Product for Environmental Disinfection in a Hematologic Transplant Unit: A Prospective Crossover Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1077-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Meinke ◽  
Bernhard Meyer ◽  
Reno Frei ◽  
Jakob Passweg ◽  
Andreas F. Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Similar Efficacy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Selective Media ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Environmental Disinfection

Background.The inanimate hospital environment has emerged as an important reservoir of nosocomial pathogens. In particular, multidrug-resistant pathogens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter species, and Clostridium difficile, play a major role in the transmission of hospital-acquired infections. In Europe, aldehydes, chlorine, and quaternary ammonium compounds have been commonly used for environmental disinfection. Glucoprotamin, a newer active compound for disinfectants, has been clinically tested for disinfection of instruments but not for environmental disinfection.Objective.This study evaluated the antimicrobial effectiveness of a glucoprotamin-containing product (Incidin) compared with that of an aldehyde-containing product (Deconex), the current standard at our institution.Methods.This prospective crossover study was conducted in our access-restricted hematologic transplant unit. A total of 3,086 samples from the environment were processed and examined for overall bacterial burden as well as selectively for S. aureus, C. difficile, and gram-negative bacteria.Results.There was no significant difference in residual bacteria after disinfection between the 2 products in terms of overall burden and selected pathogens. Enterococci were the predominant pathogens recovered from surfaces, but no vancomycin-resistant enterococci were recovered. Similarly, C. difficile could not be found in the patients' environment, even in rooms, despite the use of selective media.Conclusion.The aldehyde-containing product (Deconex) and the glucoprotamin-containing product (Incidin) demonstrated similar efficacy against environmental contamination in a hematologic transplant unit with the application of selective media for C. difficile, S. aureus, and gram-negative bacteria in addition to standard medium.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance among Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Poultry

10.3823/824 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelraouf A Elmanama ◽  
Mariam Raed Al-Reefi ◽  
Mohammed A. Albayoumi ◽  
Alaa M. Marouf ◽  
Islam F. Hassona
Keyword(s):  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR), such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are threat to the human health care system. In recent years, these MDR bacteria have been found increasingly inside and outside the hospital environment. Food animals (meat and poultry) are increasingly colonized with MDR bacteria, thus posing an additional concern. This study is intended to determine susceptibility and resistance pattern of pathogenic Gram negative bacteria isolated from rectal swabs of chicken against 16 antibiotics. Methods: A total of 216 cloacal swab samples (Gaza strip poultry farms) and 87 frozen and fresh meat samples (from slaughter houses and retails) from June 2017 to June 2018 were collected. Isolation and identification of organisms were achieved using standard bacteriological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed according to standard protocols. Results: 360 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, and 56 Gram-negative non fermenter were recovered. The predominant Enterobacteriaceae isolate was Citrobacter spp. (22.6%), followed by Enterobacter spp. (17.6%) and E. coli (16.5%). High rates of resistance against Ampicillin (85.4%) and Trimethoprim/ Sulfamethoxazole (80.1%) followed by Chloramphenicol (74%) were recorded. Six samples were positive for Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Of the tested Enterobacteriacae isolates, 94.7% were multidrug resistant (MDR), and 31.4% of  None fermenting bacilli (NFB) were MDR. Carbapenem resistance was found to be high among isolates; 51.9% for imipenem and 1.8% for meropenem. Conclusion: Isolated bacteria in the study area were MDR and this suggests that chickens may be important reservoir of antimicrobial resistant organisms which is a major public health concern.    

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from patients, hospital environment and healthcare workers: a six-month cross-sectional study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline F. R. Sereia ◽  
Patricia A. da Cunha ◽  
Daniela C. Tartari ◽  
Caetana P. Zamparette ◽  
Diana A. Estigarribia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hospital Units

AbstractHealthcare-associated infections (HAI) are an important public health threat with the multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria (GNB) being of particular concern. Here we present the antimicrobial resistance profile of HAI-related GNB (HAIrB) isolated from patients (PT), healthcare workers (HCW) and hospital environment (HE) in a six-month screening program. From the 180 sampling points distributed in six hospital units, a total of 1,080 swabs were collected allowing the isolation of 390 HAIrB: 50.5% from HE, 42.6% from PT and 6.9% from HCW. Among the HAIrB, 32.6% were characterized as MDR and 38.7% as extended-spectrum cephalosporins resistant (ESC-R), showing no differences in the distribution between PT, HE and HCW. Carbapenem resistance (CARB-R) was detected for 17.7% of all HAIrB, being higher among Acinetobacter spp. isolates (36.5%), followed by Enterobacteriaceae (14.5%) and Pseudomonas spp. (11.8%). Except for the ICU, that revealed higher MDR, CARB-R and ESC-R rates, HAIrB-resistant profiles were similarly detected within the hospital units. Prevalence of blaKPC-like and blaCTX-M-1 β-lactamases-resistance genes was higher in K. pneumoniae and E. cloacae complex, while blaOXA-23-like and blaSPM-like were higher in A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa, respectively. This study reveals that the spreading of HAIrB within a hospital environment is higher than predicted, indicating that healthcare workers, hospital areas and equipment are key players on dissemination of MDR gram-negative bacteria and shows that an active surveillance program can provide precise understanding and direct actions towards control of HAI.

scholarly journals Detection and phenotypic characterization of carbapenem non susceptible gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abera Abdeta ◽  
Adane Bitew ◽  
Surafel Fentaw ◽  
Estifanos Tsige ◽  
Dawit Assefa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
And Control ◽  
Public Health Institute

Background Multi-drug resistant, extremely drug-resistant, pan-drug resistant, carbapenem-resistant, and carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria are becoming more common in health care settings and are posing a growing threat to public health. Objective The study was aimed to determine the magnitude of multi-drug resistant, extremely drug-resistant, carbapenem non-susceptible, and carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli at Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Materials and methods Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from June 30, 2019, to May 30, 2020, at the national reference laboratory of the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Clinical samples were collected, inoculated, and incubated in accordance to standard protocol for each sample. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion. Identification was done using the traditional biochemical method. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant were classified using a standardized definition established by European Centers for Disease prevention and control and the United States Centers for Disease prevention and control experts. Carbapenemase production was confirmed by modified carbapenem inactivation and a simplified carbapenem inactivation method. Meropenem with EDTA was used to differentiate serine carbapenemase and Metallo β-lactamase. Results A total of 1337 clinical specimens were analyzed, of which 429-gram negative bacilli isolates were recovered. Out of 429 isolates 319, 74, and 36 were Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter species, and P. aeruginosa respectively. In our study, the prevalence of Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, Carbapenemase-producing, and carbapenem non-susceptible Gram-negative bacilli were, 45.2%, 7.7%, 5.4%, and 15.4% respectively. Out of 66 isolates screened for Carbapenemase, 34.8% (23/66) were Carbapenemase enzyme producers. Ten out of twenty-three Carbapenemase-positive organisms were Metallo-beta-lactamase producers. Thirteen out of twenty-three isolates were serine carbapenemase producers. Three out of 13 serine Carbapenemase positive organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase. Conclusion The finding from this study revealed a high prevalence of Multidrug-resistant, extremely drug-resistant, carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria, particularly among Intensive care unit patients at the health facility level, this necessitates a robust laboratory-based antimicrobial resistance monitoring and infection prevention and control program.

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Multidrug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria from Various Clinical Specimens of Patients Visiting a Tertiary Care Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Albert Ghimire ◽  
Bipesh Acharya ◽  
Reshma Tuladhar
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Esbl Producers

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess multidrug resistance and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) production in Gram negative bacterial pathogens.Methods: The study included clinical specimens sent for routine culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing. A total of 469 different clinical specimens were processed according to the standard methodology. The isolates were identified by standard microbiological procedures and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Production of ESBL was determined by combined disk method.Results: Of the total sample processed, 80 (17.0%) Gram negative bacteria were isolated and 82.5% of them were multidrug resistant (MDR). From the total MDR isolates, 47% were ESBL positive. The higher rate of growth among Intensive Care Units (ICUs) patients was found statistically significant. Higher prevalence of MDR isolates was observed in blood and pus specimens. The majority of the ESBL producers were Escherichia coli (38.7%). Higher rate of ESBL producers was detected from blood (55.6%). Polymyxin B, imipenem and amikacin were the most effective antibiotics against Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa whereas imipenem, amikacin, meropenem were the most effective antibiotics against Enterobacteriaceae.Conclusion: Higher prevalence of ESBL producing MDR Gram negative pathogens in hospitalized patients indicates these bacteria are important health care associated pathogens and requires proper infection control measures that check the transfer of MDR and β-lactamase producing bacterial pathogens among the hospitalized patients.

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