scholarly journals Impact of intermittent fasting on body weight in overweight and obese individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Ribeiro Lima ◽  
Iara Katrynne Fonsêca Oliveira ◽  
Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves Frota ◽  
Cecilia Maria Resende Gonçalves de Carvalho ◽  
Adriana de Azevedo Paiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Restriction Diet ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To verify the relationship of intermittent fasting in the bodyweight of overweight and obese individuals through a systematic literature review. METHODS This is a systematic review based on randomized controlled trials. The articles were consulted in the databases: Science Direct, PubMed e BVS. This review was evaluated through the PRISMA recommendation. RESULTS After the selection process, four articles were included in this review, comparing intermittent fasting (IF) with calorie restriction diet (CRD) as a control group. In 2 studies using similar protocols, there was no significant reduction in body weight of overweight or obese subjects. In the other two studies using different protocols, weight loss was significant in the IF group compared to the CRD group. CONCLUSIONS Results did not provide evidence of the effect of intermittent fasting on weight loss in overweight or obese individuals.

The Effects of a Power-Assisted Exercise Intervention on Alertness in People With Profound Intellectual and Multiple Disabilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marleen D. Wessels ◽  
Leontien W. M. Bossink ◽  
Annette A. J. van der Putten
Keyword(s):  
Trial Design ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Multiple Disabilities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

One of the benefits of physical activity in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) is an increase in alertness. This study investigated the effect of a power-assisted exercise intervention on alertness and the relationship of this effect to the level of additional motor and visual impairments in people with PIMD. A randomized controlled trial design (N = 37) was used with five measurements. Using individual plots and multilevel analysis, differences in change of alertness over time were analyzed between the intervention and control group, as was the relationship of changes to additional impairments. Considerable variation in alertness over time was found. The results showed no difference between the control and intervention groups in terms of alertness. No relationship with additional impairments was found. This study underlines the importance of looking at the effectiveness of interventions for people with PIMD because those interventions may not be as effective as expected.

Reversing Type 2 Diabetes in a Primary Care-Anchored eHealth Web-based Lifestyle Coaching Program in Denmark: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Reffstrup Christensen ◽  
Camilla Sortsø ◽  
Jørgen T Lauridsen ◽  
Pernille R Jakobsen ◽  
Ditte H Laursen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
And Control

BACKGROUND Lifestyle interventions can delay and reverse the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and decrease morbidity and mortality. Studies suggest that digital coaching based on real-time monitoring can lead to clinically relevant weight loss, as well as decreased or normalized hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for a significant number of patients. OBJECTIVE To assess whether an eHealth lifestyle coaching program (LIVA 2.0) for patients with T2D who are motivated for lifestyle changes leads to significant weight loss and decreased HbA1c, compared to usual care. METHODS In a randomized controlled single-blinded trial, 170 patients with T2D were enrolled from March 2018 to March 2019 and randomized to the intervention (100) and control (70) groups. Patients were recruited via their general practitioners, the Danish diabetes organization, and social media. The intervention comprised an initial face-to-face motivational interview followed by digital coaching. The same healthcare professional coach provided synchronous and asynchronous multimodal feedback and used digital behavioral change techniques enabled by an app providing live monitoring of lifestyle behaviors. Primary outcome was body weight. Secondary outcomes were changes in HbA1c, body composition, lipids, and quality of life at 6 months. RESULTS At 6 months, 75 patients (75%) in the intervention group and 53 patients (76%) in the control group remained in the study. Mean body weight loss was 4.2 kg (95% CI, 5.5- 3.0) in the intervention group vs 1.5 kg (95% CI, 2.57- 0.48) in the control group (P = .005). In the intervention group, 36 (52%) patients lost > 3% body weight, compared to 12 (32%) patients in the control group. Mean HbA1c was lower in both groups at 6 months, with reductions of 8.2% (95% CI, 11.01 to 5.29) and 5.5% (95% CI, 8.75 to 2.76) for the intervention and control groups, respectively (P = .203). In the intervention group, 24 (32%) had an HbA1c <6.5% at 6 months, compared to 8 (15%) in the control group (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS Reduction in body weight and remission rate for HbA1c, as well as improved body composition can be enhanced by using digital lifestyle coaching for patients with T2D. CLINICALTRIAL Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03788915 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03788915 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): DERR2-10.2196/19172 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/19172

scholarly journals Time-restricted eating effects on performance, immune function, and body composition in elite cyclists: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
Grant Tinsley ◽  
Giovanni Longo ◽  
Davide Grigoletto ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Elite Cyclists

Abstract Background Although there is substantial interest in intermittent fasting as a dietary approach in active individuals, information regarding its effects in elite endurance athletes is currently unavailable. The present parallel randomized trial investigated the effects of a particular intermittent fasting approach, called time-restricted eating (TRE), during 4 weeks of high-level endurance training. Methods Sixteen elite under-23 cyclists were randomly assigned either to a TRE group or a control group (ND). The TRE group consumed 100% of its estimated daily energy needs in an 8-h time window (from 10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.) whilst energy intake in the ND group was distributed in 3 meals consumed between 7:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m. Fat and fat-free mass were estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis and VO2max and basal metabolism by indirect gas analyzer. In addition, blood counts, anabolic hormones (i.e. free testosterone, IGF-1) and inflammatory markers (i.e. IL-6, TNF-α) were assessed. Results TRE reduced body weight (− 2%; p = 0.04) and fat mass percentage (− 1.1%; p = 0.01) with no change in fat-free mass. Performance tests showed no significant differences between groups, however the peak power output/body weight ratio (PPO/BW) improved in TRE group due to weight loss (p = 0.02). Free testosterone and IGF-1 decreased significantly (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03 respectively) in TRE group. Leucocyte count decreased in ND group (p = 0.02) whilst the neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) decreased significantly (p = 0.03) in TRE group. Conclusions Our results suggest that a TRE program with an 8-h feeding window elicits weight loss, improves body composition and increases PPO/BW in elite cyclists. TRE could also be beneficial for reducing inflammation and may have a protective effect on some components of the immune system. Overall, TRE could be considered as a component of a periodized nutrition plan in endurance athletes. Trial registration This trial was retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04320784 on 25 March 2020.

Comparison of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Conservatory Treatment Effect on Biochemical and Hormonal Profile of Obese Type 2 Diabetes Subjects: CREDOR Randomized Controlled Study Results

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1622-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Simona Stefan ◽  
Andrada Mihai ◽  
Daiana Bajko ◽  
Daniela Lixandru ◽  
Laura Petcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Beta Cell ◽  
Beta Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Metabolic surgery is the most efficacious method for the treatment of morbid obesity and was recently included among the antidiabetes treatments recommended in obese type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The aim of this study was to compare in a randomized controlled trial the effect of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) to that of intensive lifestyle intervention plus pharmacologic treatment on some markers of insulin resistance and beta cell function as well as some appetite controlling hormones in a group of male obese T2D subjects. The study groups comprised 20 subjects for SG and 21 control subjects. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, proinsulin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-%B, proinsulin-to-insulin ratio and proinsulin-to-adiponectin ratio were evaluated at baseline and after one year follow-up. Overall, patients in the SG group lost 78.98% of excess weight loss (%EWL) in comparison with 9.45% in the control group. This was accompanied by a significant improvement of insulin resistance markers, including increase of adiponectin and decrease of HOMA-IR, while no changes were recorded in the control group. Weight loss was also associated with a significant improvement of proinsulin-to-insulin and proinsulin-to-adiponectin ratio, both surrogate markers of beta cell dysfunction. These also improved in the control group, but were only marginally significant. Our findings suggest that improved insulin resistance and decreased beta cell dysfunction after sleeve gastrectomy might explain diabetes remission associated with metabolic surgery.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous Oxyntomodulin Reduces Body Weight in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Diabetes ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 2390-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wynne ◽  
A. J. Park ◽  
C. J. Small ◽  
M. Patterson ◽  
S. M. Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Obese Subjects

Abstract 018: Two-year Changes of Adiponectin after Bariatric Surgery and Their Association with Incident Type 2 Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer and Mortality: Results from the Swedish Obese Subjects Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Herder ◽  
Markku Peltonen ◽  
Per-Arne Svensson ◽  
Maren Carstensen ◽  
Peter Jacobson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Surgery Group ◽  
Obese Subjects

Introduction: Adiponectin has anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitising and atheroprotective effects in rodents. Although serum adiponectin is uniformly downregulated in obesity, its clinical relevance in humans seems more complex. It is not known whether changes in circulating adiponectin predict type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality in an obese population. Hypothesis: We hypothesised that adiponectin levels are upregulated substantially after weight loss following bariatric surgery and that pronounced increases of adiponectin should offer better protection for individuals against type 2 diabetes. In addition, findings for type 2 diabetes should be compared to associations with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer and mortality. Methods: Serum concentrations of total adiponectin were measured in 3,223 participants of the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) Study (1,533 in the bariatric surgery group: 229 with gastric bypass, 1056 with vertical banded gastroplasty, 248 with adjustable gastric banding; 1,690 in the control group without surgery) at study baseline and after 2 years. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per 1 standard deviation (SD) of 2-year changes (concentration at year 2 - concentration at baseline) in adiponectin were calculated for incident type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer and mortality in the combined surgery group. Numbers of cases were 93, 122, 78, 55, 82 and 179, respectively. Median follow-up times ranged from 10 years for diabetes up to 16 years for mortality. Results: Mean (SD) levels of adiponectin at baseline were 7,453 (4,150) ng/ml in the combined surgery group and 8,247 (4,846) ng/ml in the control group. During the first 2 years of follow-up, adiponectin levels increased in the surgery group by 4,850 (5,387) ng/ml (parallel to a loss of 24% of body weight) and decreased slightly by 270 (2,650) ng/ml in the control group (parallel to a slight gain of 0.1% body weight). The degree of correlation between changes in adiponectin and weight loss in kg was more pronounced in the surgery groups compared with the control group (p=0.001 for interaction). Two-year increases in adiponectin in the surgery group were associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (HR [95% CI] 0.61 [0.38-0.98], adjusted for baseline data for age, sex, BMI, lipids, blood pressure, alcohol consumption, smoking, anti-hypertensive drugs, glucose, insulin), but not with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer and mortality (adjusted HR between 0.89 and 1.05). Conclusions: Weight loss after bariatric surgery is paralleled by a substantial increase in circulating adiponectin. The degree of upregulation of adiponectin is associated with protection against future type 2 diabetes, but not with the incidence of cardiovascular outcomes, cancer or mortality.

Experimental study of the inhibition effect of CXCL12/CXCR4 in malignant pleural mesothelioma

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianshuang Li ◽  
Tong Li ◽  
Shuo Li ◽  
Lipeng Xie ◽  
Yi-Lin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pleural Mesothelioma ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cxcr4 Axis

Previous studies have demonstrated that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is closely related to tumors such as malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This research was conducted in order to detect whether CXCL12/CXCR4 inhibitors could restrain MPM and have a synergistic effect with chemotherapy, also to investigate the relationship of CXCL12/CXCR4 with other gene expressions in MPM. Forty mice were injected MPM cells and randomly divided into four groups: the PBS (control group), AMD3100 (CXCR4-CXCL12 antagonist), pemetrexed and AMD3100 plus pemetrexed. The mice were treated respectively for duration of 3 weeks. The size, bioluminescence and weight of tumors were measured. The differences between gene expressions in each group were analyzed. The tumor weights of each treatment group were lower than that of the control group (p<0.05). The bioluminescence of the tumor of the AMD3100 treatment group and the AMD3100 plus pemetrexed treatment group were lower than that of the control group (p<0.05), and AMD3100 was shown to have synergistic effects with pemetrexed (p<0.05). Among the 2.5 billion genes, several hundreds of genes expressed differently between groups. Results show that AMD3100 and pemetrexed can inhibit the growth of MPM in vivo, also that there is a better result if both are used together. Our findings suggest that CXCL12/CXCR4 axis affects a certain amount of gene expression in MPM.

Experience of Loneliness by Obese Individuals

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1147-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack F. Schumaker ◽  
Richard C. Krejci ◽  
Linwood Small ◽  
Roger G. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Loneliness Scale ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
The Relationship

The present study assessed the relationship between obesity and reported loneliness. The subjects, 68 obese and 64 nonobese individuals, were administered the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Obese subjects had significantly higher loneliness ratings than nonobese subjects. Obese women had significantly higher loneliness scores than nonobese women but no such difference was found between obese men and their thin peers. A significant correlation of .25 was obtained between body weight and loneliness ratings within the total sample and also the obese women ( r = .29). This correlation was nonsignificant within the obese men. Possible explanations for the observed sex differences as well as implications for research and treatment, were discussed.

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