Organic solutes in coconut palm seedlings under water and salt stresses

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the biochemical mechanisms associated with isolated and/or concurrent actions of drought and soil salinity in seedlings of coconut tree, through the accumulation of organic solutes (soluble carbohydrates, soluble amino N and free proline) in leaves and roots. The experiment, conducted in a protected environment, in Fortaleza, Brazil, in a randomized block design, in a split-plot arrangement, evaluated the effects of different levels of water stress (plots) by imposing distinct percentages of replacement of water losses through crop potential evapotranspiration - ETpc (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), associated with subplots consisting of increasing levels of soil salinity in saturation extract (1.72, 6.25, 25.80 and 40.70 dS m-1) provided by the soils collected in the Irrigated Perimeter of Morada Nova. Salinity did not change the concentration of organic solutes; however, there were increases in leaf and root levels of free proline in response to water stress, which contributes to the osmoregulation and/or osmoprotection of the species under adverse conditions of water supply.

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Cowpea bean production under water stress using hydrogels

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632016v4743398 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 87-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marília Barcelos Souza Lopes ◽

Taynar Coelho de Oliveira Tavares ◽

Danilo Alves Veloso ◽

Niléia Cristina da Silva ◽

Rodrigo Ribeiro Fidelis

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Use ◽

Food Production ◽

Water Retention ◽

Block Design ◽

Population Increase ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The population increase and the need of intensifying food production, coupled with the scarcity of water resources, have led to the search of alternatives that reduce consumption and optimize the water use during cultivation. In this context, hydrogels become a strategy in agricultural management, due to their water retention capacity in the soil and availability to plants. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of hydrogels on the development and production of cowpea bean ('Sempre-verde' cultivar) under water stress, in a greenhouse. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, with five replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of four types of hydrogel (Hydroplan-EB HyA, with granulometry of 1-3 mm; Hydroplan-EB HyB, with granulometry of 0.5-1 mm; Hydroplan-EB HyC, with granulometry < 0.5 mm; Polim-Agri, with granulometry of 1-0.5 mm) and five concentrations (0 g pot-1; 1.5 g pot-1; 3 g pot-1; 4.5 g pot-1; 6 g pot-1). The following traits were evaluated: number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and grain yield. The highest concentration (6 g pot-1) resulted in a higher number of pods and yield for all the hydrogels, especially for HyC and Polim-Agro, which presented 7.4 pods plant-1 and 7.0 pods plant-1, with yield of 15.43 g plant-1 and 16.68 g plant-1, respectively. The use of hydrogel shows to be efficient for reducing yield losses under water stress.

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USE OF TREATED SEWAGE AS WATER AND A NUTRITIONAL SOURCE FOR BEAN CROPS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252018v31n225rc ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 487-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

CLEY ANDERSON SILVA DE FREITAS ◽

JOSÉ ADEILSON MEDEIROS DO NASCIMENTO ◽

FRANCISCO MARCUS LIMA BEZERRA ◽

RONNEY MENDES MAGALHÃES DE LIMA

Keyword(s):

Potential Evapotranspiration ◽

Block Design ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Water Source ◽

Nutritional Recommendations ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Treated Sewage ◽

Irrigation Levels ◽

The City

ABSTRACT Considering the relevance of the reduction or replacement of fresh water supplies for irrigation, to mitigate the use of agricultural fertilizers and to improve sustainability, this study aimed to evaluate water and nutritional efficiency of treated sewage in cowpea plots. The experiment was conducted in the city of Tianguá-CE, on land belonging to the Water and Sewage Treatment Company of Ceará. It used a randomized block design for the arrangement of split plots. The plots contained two water sources (treated sewage and well water). The subplots contained four irrigation levels based on potential evapotranspiration (50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of ETc) and the sub-subplots contained four nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium (NPK) levels (0%, 33%, 66%, and 99% of the nutritional recommendations for cowpea cultivation). The yield variables, number of pods per plant, bean numbers per pod, and bean production, were improved with increased irrigation, regardless of the water source. Examining NPK levels in particular, yields differed depending on the water source. The use of treated domestic wastewater for bean irrigation can replace up to 100% of commercial fertilizers.

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Water use Efficient Sunflower Hybrids having Diverse Cytoplasmic Background

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia-2019-0014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (71) ◽

pp. 187-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vikrant Tyagi ◽

S. K. Dhillon

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Water Stress ◽

Block Design ◽

Stability Index ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Drought Resistant ◽

Stress Susceptibility

Abstract A set of fifty two hybrids developed through line×tester breeding design were sown in randomized block design with three replications to evaluate their performance for seed yield under two environments (normal irrigation and water stress). Drought resistant indices and multivariate statistical analysis from the pooled data obtained from water stress and normal irrigated environments over the two years. Hybrid PRUN-29A × RCR-8297 (1.55) and 40A × P100R (1.55) had the largest stress tolerance index (STI) rate and hybrid ARG-2A × P69R the smallest rate (a high STI rate for the genotype represents its high drought resistance and its high yielding potential). Hybrid ARG-6A × P69R (2.41) had the largest extent (susceptible) of Stress susceptibility index (SSI), while hybrid E002-91 × RCR-8297 (0.13) had the least (resistant) extent a large extent of this index indicates the genotype susceptibility to drought. In terms of yield stability index (YSI), hybrid 40A × RCR-8297 (0.51) and ARG-6A × P69R (0.51) and hybrid ARG-2A × P69R (1.18) had the smallest and the largest rate respectively (genotypes with high YSI are expected to yield highly in stress conditions. Hybrid 40A × RCR-8297 (30.36) and PRUN-29A × P69R (−10.07) displayed the least and the most amount of tolerance index (TOL) index, a high amount of TOL is a sign of genotype susceptibility to stress. Hybrid PRUN-29A × P69R (1.53) displayed the least extent of yield index (YI), while hybrid ARG-6A × P69R (0.51) and 40A × RCR-8297 (0.51) displayed the highest extent.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF DWARF COCONUT PLANTS UNDER WATER DEFICIT IN SALT-AFFECTED SOILS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252017v30n220rc ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 447-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

ALEXANDRE REUBER ALMEIDA DA SILVA ◽

FRANCISCO MARCUS LIMA BEZERRA ◽

CLAUDIVAN FEITOSA DE LACERDA ◽

CARLOS HENRIQUE CARVALHO DE SOUSA ◽

MARLOS ALVES BEZERRA

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Coconut Tree ◽

Salinity Water ◽

Salt Affected Soils ◽

Physiological Acclimation ◽

Adjustment Mechanisms ◽

Different Levels

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to characterize the physiological acclimation responses of young plants of the dwarf coconut cultivar Jiqui Green‘ associated with tolerance to conditions of multiple abiotic stresses (drought and soil salinity), acting either independently or in combination. The study was conducted under controlled conditions and evaluated the following parameters: leaf gas exchange, quantum yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence, and relative contents of total chlorophyll (SPAD index). The experiment was conducted under a randomized block experimental design, in a split plot arrangement. In the plots, plants were exposed to different levels of water stress, by imposing potential crop evapotranspiration replacement levels equivalent to 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20%, whereas in subplots, plants were exposed to different levels of soil salinity (1.72, 6.25, 25.80, and 40.70 dS m-1). Physiological mechanisms were effectively limited when water deficit and salinity acted separately and/or together. Compared with soil salinity, water stress was more effective in reducing the measured physiological parameters. The magnitudes of the responses of plants to water supply and salinity depended on the intensity of stress and evaluation period. The physiological acclimation responses of plants were mainly related to stomatal regulation. The coconut tree has a number of physiological adjustment mechanisms that give the species partial tolerance to drought stress and/or salt, thereby enabling it to revegetate salinated areas, provided that its water requirements are at least partially met.

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Gas exchanges of melon under water stress in the Submedium region of the São Francisco River Valley

Acta Scientiarum Agronomy ◽

10.4025/actasciagron.v41i1.42686 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 42686 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Vieira Amorim ◽

Alessandro Carlos Mesquita ◽

Lígia Borges Marinho ◽

Vanuza De Souza ◽

Saulo De Tarso Aidar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

River Valley ◽

Sao Francisco River ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

São Francisco River ◽

Current Scenario

The current scenario of increased water scarcity is due to climate change and directly affects food production. It is thus necessary to develop strategies to mitigate the impacts of low water availability. Therefore, the goal of the present study is to evaluate the physiological behaviour of melon cultivars under water stress. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment in the experimental Submedium region of the São Francisco River Valley in the period ranging from October to December. In this study, we used the melon cultivars 'Amarelo' and 'Piel de Sapo'. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replicates that were subdivided into plots, where the plots were comprised of four irrigation rates (50, 75, 100, and 125% of crop evapotranspiration – CET), subplots were comprised of the two melon cultivars, and sub-subplots were comprised of samplings for physiological analyses (15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting). The parameters evaluated were stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, relationship CI/CA, and accumulated dry matter. Water stress reduced the stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis, CI/CA, and accumulated dry matter. 'Piel de Sapo' showed a higher photosynthetic adjustment than 'Amarelo' melon due to the gas exchange behaviour of the former, and it was, therefore, more tolerant to water stress.

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Evaluation of water-stress tolerance of Acala SJ 2 and Auburn 2 cotton cultivars in a phenotyping platform

Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.4136/ambi-agua.2105 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 629 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cleber Morais Guimarães ◽

Luís Fernando Stone ◽

Giovani Greigh de Brito ◽

Jair Heuert

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Large Scale ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Water Restriction ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Water Stress Tolerance ◽

Randomized Block Design

Due to the current scarcity of water, which may be aggravated by climate changes, it is important to develop cultivars tolerant to water stress. For this, information regarding the variability of the tolerance of cultivars to this stress is required. This information can be obtained by using phenotyping platforms, which allow a large-scale and automated assessment of crop traits related to productivity under water stress. This study took place in a greenhouse and used a phenotyping platform to evaluate some agronomic and physiological traits of two cotton cultivars with differing tolerances to this stress. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, in a split-plot scheme with four replicates. The main plots were composed of five water regimes and the subplots of two cultivars, Acala SJ 2 and Auburn 2. The water regimes consisted of a well-irrigated treatment (daily replacement of 100% of evapotranspired water) and four water restriction regimes (20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of evapotranspired water at the well-irrigated treatment). The phenotyping platform and protocol (different percentages of daily replacement of evapotranspired water) employed were suitable to the evaluated cotton cultivars for water-stress tolerance, and allowed the determination of the cultivar most tolerant (Acala SJ 2) and of the cultivar most sensitive (Auburn 2) to water stress. ‘Acala SJ 2’ displayed better physiological and agronomic traits in all water regimes, including higher root density in the upper soil layer, as well as higher water use than ‘Auburn 2’, which explained its higher seed yield under the conditions employed.

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Water-retaining polymer as a soil conditioner in cowpea under water stress

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v9i4.2709 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 680-686

Author(s):

Marilia Barcelos Souza Lopes ◽

Helio Bandeira Barros ◽

Aloísio Freitas Chagas Júnior ◽

Manoel Mota dos Santos ◽

Niléia Cristina da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Computer System ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Conditioner ◽

The North ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Pod Length

Cowpea is no longer a family-oriented crop. Today it is cultivated by medium and large farmers in the North and Northeast, due to their adaptation to edaphoclimatic conditions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of hydrogel utilization in the retention and availability of water for the development and production of Cowpea beans when subjected to water stress. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, with five concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1) and two sources of hydrogels (Hydroplan-EB HyC and Polim-Agri). The cowpea cultivar used was BRS Vinager. The following characteristics were evaluated: number of pods per plant; Number of grains per pod; Pod length: one hundred grain mass and grain yield. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, with the application of the test F. Regression analysis was performed with the help of the SISVAR computer system. The use of hydrogel was an alternative to reduce losses resulting from the action of water stress; the concentrations of hydrogels between 15 and 18 kg ha-1 resulted in higher number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, the mass of one hundred grains and yields of grains.

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EVALUATION OF SEED YIELD, OIL AND MINERAL CONTENTS IN-BRED PUMPKIN LINES (Cucurbita pepo L.) UNDER WATER STRESS

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2020.3.8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 89-99

Author(s):

Musa Seymen ◽

Atilla Dursun ◽

Duran Yavuz ◽

Ertan Sait Kurtar ◽

Aynur Özbahçe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Hybrid Breeding ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Hybrid Variety ◽

Total Oil ◽

Pure Lines

Water stress is one of the main constraints which could limits crop productivity, especially in arid and semi-arid regions characterized limited water resources. This study was conducted to investigate the seed yield, oil and mineral contents of 44 lines and 4 commercial pumpkin varieties (2 local and 2 hybrids) in irrigated and drought stress conditions. The study was conceived as a randomized block design with three replications and carried out during the 2017 growing season. On average, the irrigated plots produced 161.27 kg da–1 seed yield whereas it was 33.67 kg da–1 in non-irrigated plots. The highest yield among the commercial pumpkin varieties was obtained from the G2 hybrid variety in the irrigated conditions. On the other hand, in the non-irrigated plots, higher seed yields were obtained from G9, G34, and G36 pure lines. Drought resulted in a remarkable decrease in the total oil content and significant increase in the amount of Ca and Zn in pumpkin seeds. These results clearly indicated that G9 line, which has the highest seed yield in both irrigated and drought conditions, can be utilized as a recommendable parental pumpkin line in future hybrid breeding efforts.

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RESPON DAUN UNGU (Graptophyllumpictum L.) TERHADAP CEKAMAN AIR

Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri ◽

10.21082/jlittri.v8n3.2002.73-76 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

IRENG DARWATI ◽

ROSITA S.M. D. ◽

. HERNANI

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Production Quality ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Medicinal Crops ◽

Leaf Dry Weight ◽

Number Of Branches

Daun ungu atau handeuleum (Graptophyllum pictum I.) merupakan salah satu tanaman penghasil bahan baku obat Daunnya dapal digunakan untuk mengobati wasir, batu empedu. dan penyakit hati Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mcmpelajari pengaruh cekaman air terhadap produksi dan mutu daun handeuleum. Percobaan pot (polybag) dilakukan di rumah plastik Balai Penelitian lanaman Rempah dan Obat. Bogor mulai bulan September 1997 sampai dengan Februari 1998. Percobaan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan tcrdiri atas 4 taraf cekaman air, yaitu : 1) 40% kapasitas lapang (KL), 2) 60% KL, 3) 80% KL dan 4) 100% KL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas daun, jumlah cabang, bera( kering akar, berat kering ba(ang dan berat kering daun pada 60% KL dan 80% KL paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya Untuk mutu daun yang dihasilkan, dari semua perlakuan memenuhi persyaratan yang dilctapkan dalam Malcria Medika Indonesia.Kata kunci : Graptophyllum pictum L. cekaman air, produksi, mutu ABSTRACT Effect of water stress on Graptophyllum pictum L.Graptophyllum pictum is one of the raw materials lor medicinal The leaf can be used for hemorrhoids, bladder and liver, The objectives of the experiment was to study the efect of drought stress on production and quality of leaves. Pot experiment was carried oul in green house of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC). Bogor in September 1997 to February 1998. A randomized block design was used with six replicates. The treatments consisted of 4 levels of ield capacities 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%. The result of experiment showed mat leaf area, number of branches, root dry weight, branches dry weight and leaf dry weight on 60% and 80% of ield capacity were the highest compared with odier treatments. The quality of all treatments arc fulfilled in requirement of Indonesia Materia Mcdica.Key words : Graptophyllum pictum L, water stress, production, quality

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Calcium in the mineral nutrition of yellow passion fruit cultivated in lined pits and with saline water

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n4p256-263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 256-263

Author(s):

Marlene A. F. Bezerra ◽

Lourival F. Cavalcante ◽

Francisco T. C. Bezerra ◽

Walter E. Pereira ◽

Flaviano F. de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Water Salinity ◽

Water Losses ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Calcium Fertilization ◽

Yellow Passion Fruit

ABSTRACT Nutritional status is an important tool in salinity management, because salt stress interferes with both the absorption and the assimilation of mineral nutrients by plants. The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of water salinity, lateral protection of pits against water losses and calcium doses on the leaf concentration of macronutrients and sodium of yellow passion fruit cv. BRS GA1. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design in split plots in a 2 × (2 × 5) factorial scheme, corresponding to water salinity (0.3 and 4.0 dS m-1) in the main plot, and the combinations between lateral protection of pits (without and with) and calcium doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) in the subplots. Leaf concentrations of macronutrients and sodium were determined at the phenological stage of full flowering. Irrigation of yellow passion fruit with 4.0 dS m-1 water decreased the leaf concentrations of macronutrients. The lining of the pits compromised macronutrient concentration in the plants. Calcium fertilization is recommended for yellow passion fruit cultivated in Entisol with low calcium concentration at the dose of 60 kg ha-1, because it raises nitrogen and calcium concentrations in plants irrigated with non-saline water and magnesium and sulfur concentrations in those irrigated with saline water. Calcium attenuates salt stress because it promotes the accumulation of macronutrients in yellow passion fruit under saline conditions.

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