scholarly journals Agro-economic efficiency of polycultures of arugula-carrot-lettuce fertilized with roostertree at different population density proportions

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenilton A. de A. Oliveira ◽  
Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽  
Aurélio P. Barros Júnior ◽  
Maiele L. da Silva ◽  
Ocimara F. N. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Performance

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the agro-economic efficiency of agrosystems of two croppings of arugula (A) and two of lettuce (L) intercropped with carrot (C) under different biomass amounts of roostertree incorporated into the soil and population density proportions between the component crops. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, with the treatments arranged in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme. The first factor was made up of the amounts of roostertree biomass incorporated into the soil (10, 25, 40 and 55 t ha-1 on a dry basis) and the second factor by the population density proportions of the component crops in the polycultures (50A-50C-50L%, 40A-50C-40L%, 30A-50C-30L% and 20A-50C-20L% of the population recommended for single crops – PRSC). The agro-economic performance of arugula, carrot and lettuce in polyculture was optimized at 25 t ha-1 of roostertree incorporated into the soil. The population density proportions of arugula, carrot and lettuce of 50A-50C-50L% of the PRSC provided the best agro-economic efficiency to the polyculture.

scholarly journals Cowpea and beet intercropping agro-economic dynamics under spatial arrangement and cowpea population density

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aridênia P Chaves ◽  
Francisco Bezerra Neto ◽  
Jailma SS Lima ◽  
Josimar N Silva ◽  
Renato LC Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Growing Seasons

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of planting spatial arrangements between the cowpea and beet crops in intercropping and of cowpea population densities on the crop’s productivity and in the agro-economic efficiency of the association at two growing seasons. The experimental design was of randomised blocks with the treatments arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, in four replications. The first factor was constituted by three spatial arrangements between the component cultures (2:2, 3:3 and 4:4), formed by beet rows alternated with cowpea rows, while the second factor was constituted by the population densities of cowpea: 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the recommended population in single crop (RDSC). The production and its components were evaluated in the beet and cowpea. Apart from these characteristics, the following agro-economic indicators were also determined for each treatment: system productivity index (SPI), the land equivalent coefficient (LEC), and the monetary equivalent ratio (MER). The maximum production of commercial beet roots was obtained with 15.60 t ha-1 productivity at density of 61.82% of RDSC within the 4:4 arrangement, while the maximum yield of cowpea green grains of 2.23 t ha-1 was reached at density of 79.57% of RDSC within 2:2 spatial arrangement. The productivities of beet roots of extra A, extra AA and great types decreased with increasing cowpea population density, without any influence of the tested spatial arrangements. The maximum mean productivity of cowpea green pods of 1.74 t ha-1 was obtained at density of 87.47% of RDSC, reached within 2:2 spatial arrangement. The maximum economic efficiency of the cowpea-beet intercropping was obtained with MER of 1.11 at cowpea density of 100% of RDSC, irrespective of the spatial arrangement and growing season.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF CARROT AND COWPEA INTERCROPPING SYSTEM UNDER DIFFERENT SPATIAL ARRANGEMENTS AND POPULATION DENSITIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIORGIO MENDES RIBEIRO ◽  
FRANCISCO BEZERRA NETO ◽  
JAILMA SUERDA SILVA DE LIMA ◽  
MAIELE LEANDRO DA SILVA ◽  
AURÉLIO PAES BARROS JÚNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Root Production ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Caatinga Biome

ABSTRACT Spatial arrangement and population density of component cultures, when well structured, may contribute to increased crop yields relative to monocultures. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the productive performance of carrot and cowpea in an intercropping system under different spatial arrangements and population densities. This research was conducted on the “Rafael Fernandes” experimental farm of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates, where the treatments were arranged in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme, in which the first factor was three spatial arrangements (2:2, 3:3, and 4:4) and the second factor was four different population densities of cowpea (100%, 80%, 60%, and 40% of the recommended population in the single crop [RPSC]). Rooster tree Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br., a spontaneous species of the „Caatinga‟ biome, was used as fertilizer. The characteristics evaluated in carrot were as follows: total and commercial productivity of roots and classified root production. The following characteristics were evaluated for cowpea: number of pods per square meter, length and yield of green pods, number of grains per pod, 100grain weight, and yield of green grains. The modified monetary advantage was used to evaluate the feasibility of the intercropped systems. Spatial arrangements between the component cultures did not influence the agroeconomic performance of the carrot-cowpea intercropping system. The highest agro-economic performance of the carrot-cowpea intercropping was obtained in the population of cowpea, which was 42% of the RPSC.

CULTIVO DA SOJA EM SISTEMAS DE SEMEADURA EM LINHAS CRUZADAS E CONVENCIONAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
André Ricardo Rodrigues ◽  
Magno Luiz de Abreu ◽  
Everton Dos Santos de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Glycine Max L

A importância da soja para o agronegócio brasileiro é bastante expressiva, por este motivo existe um número significativo de pesquisas associadas às melhorias de produtividade desta cultura, neste sentido o presente trabalho buscou avaliar o desenvolvimento da soja quanto as suas características de produtividade em sistema de semeadura cruzada. O experimento foi implantado no campo experimental do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campus Campo Novo do Parecis em Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico típico muito argiloso (68% de argila), com a cultivar TMG 132. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2X5, totalizando 10 tratamentos com 3 repetições cada, sendo que o primeiro fator corresponde aos dois sistemas de cultivo (semeadura cruzada e convencional) e, o segundo fator as 5 densidades populacionais (222000 plantas ha-1; 288000 plantas ha-1; 333000 plantas ha-1; 399000 plantas ha-1; 444444 plantas ha-1). Cada parcela foi constituída de 9 linhas de 4 metros, espaçadas em 0,45 metros. Para a área útil da parcela foi utilizado 5 linhas centrais por 2 metros de comprimento. Na área útil das parcelas foram avaliados produtividade, massa seca e os componentes de produção, a adubação foi depositada na linha de semeadura. Não se constatou diferença significativa na produtividade, número de grãos por vagem e na massa de mil grãos tanto nos diferentes sistemas quanto nas populações, como o sistema de semeadura cruzada necessita de maior quantidade de passadas de semeadora na área se constatou uma prática não viável.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Densidade populacional, arranjo espacial, sistemas de plantio, Glycine max L. SOYBEAN CULTIVATION IN CROSS-SECTIONAL AND CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMSABSTRACT: The importance of soy for Brazilian agribusiness is very expressive, for this reason there is a significant number of research associated with productivity improvements in this culture, in this sense, the present study sought to evaluate the development of soy as the productivity characteristics in seeding system crossed. The experiment was deployed in the experimental field of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso, Campus Campo Novo do Parecis in Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico típico very argillaceous (68% of argil), It was used the cultivar TMG 132. Experimental design was a randomized block in factorial 2X5, totalling 10 treatments with 3 repetitions each, where the first factor corresponds to the two cropping systems (conventional and cross-seeding) and the second factor with 5 population density (222000 plants ha-1; 288000 plants ha-1; 333000 plants ha-1; 399000plants ha-1; 444444 plants ha-1). Productivity cross-seeding system. Each plot consisted of  9 lines of 4 meters, spaced at 0,45 meters, at the useful area of the central portion 5 by 2 meters long lines was used. In the usable area of the plots were evaluated productivity, dry matter and production components, fertilization was deposited in plant line. It did not find significant difference in productivity, number of grains per pods, and in thousand grains weight both in different systems and in populations, such as the system of cross-seeding needs greater quantity of operations in the planting it was not stated a viable practice.KEYWORDS: Population density, spatial arrangement, planting systems, Glycine max L.

Fairness Vs. Economic Efficiency: Lessons from an Interdisciplinary Analysis of Talmudic Bankruptcy Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itay Lipschütz ◽  
Mordechai E. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Bankruptcy Law ◽  
Jewish Law ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Sharing Rule ◽  
Bankruptcy Problems ◽  
Legal Literature

AbstractBankruptcy problems are commonly associated with economic disasters, but can also emerge due to extraordinary economic performance The choice of a sharing rule has a significant potential effect on the economy’s general equilibrium. The economic literature hitherto neglected the search for an economically optimal bankruptcy solution and concentrated mainly on normative axiomatizations of sharing rules. However, its findings did not attract much attention of legal scholars. The purpose of this article is to create a symposium between the economic and legal literature on bankruptcy based on our interdisciplinary analysis of a fascinating polemic conducted by Jewish Law scholars over the course of fifteenth centuries about the appropriate bankruptcy solution.

scholarly journals THE EFFICIENCY OF COMBINED-CYCLE CHP PLANT WITH VARIABLE ELECTRIC LOADS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE WEAR AND TEAR OF EQUIPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Z. Aminov ◽  
M. V. Garievsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electrical Load ◽  
Optimal Load ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Equipment Wear ◽  
Electric Loads

The economic efficiency of attracting CHPPs to cover the variable zone of daily electrical load schedules was investigated. The estimation of resource and economic performance of combined -cycle HPPs using the example of PGU-450T taking into account equipment wear under different operating conditions in the daily and weekly sections and different composition of the operating equipment has been performed and optimal load regimes have been determined.

scholarly journals Influence of the age of first insemination and first calving in Holstein – Friesian heifers on farm economic efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
K. Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Friesian Cattle

Abstract. The present study aims to assess the influence of the age of first insemination and first calving in Holstein-Friesian heifers on the cost of breeding and the cost of their marketing as breeding animals. For this purpose, a study was conducted on 7 farms (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) situated in Central and Southern Bulgaria in which Holstein-Friesian cattle are bred. The results of the study indicated that the age of first insemination in the controlled farms was 17.2 months on average, and the age of first calving (AFC) was 26.6 months, which was within the established norms for the Holstein-Frisian breed raised in the country. The heifers from farm A, which entered breeding age the earliest (at 16 months), as well as the age of first calving (25.3 months) had the longest utilisation period – 4.9 lactations. However, they did not develop the highest milk yield either and the economic performance from their raising was low. The heifers on farm F, with age of first insemination of 17.3 months, and first calving age of 26.8 months, and the ones from farm G, with ages 17.4 and 26.6 months, respectively, developed maximum milk yield per lactation. The expenses for raising a heifer of the Holstein-Frisian breed varied from BGN 1922 up to BGN 2389, with an average sum of cost for the studied farms amounting to BGN 2123. This indicated that the raising of heifers from a high-yield breed was an expensive undertaking, but when taking the necessary care for their breeding at a younger age during the period of use they developed higher milk productivity.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF RICE PRODUCTION TOWARDS VIETGAP IN PHONG BINH, PHONG DIEN, THUA THIEN HUE

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (3B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Thanh
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Spring Crop

Abstract: This study assesses the economic efficiency of rice production of households towards VietGAP in Phong Binh, Phong Dien, Thua Thien Hue. The authors use semi-structured questionnaires to survey 90 rice households (45 households towards VietGAP and 45 conventional households) and hold a focus group discussion to accumulate the data. The results show that households practising VietGAP use only seeds, phosphate, NPK fertilizers as guided by the agricultural co-operatives. In the Winter-Spring crop 2017–2018, these households produce about 6.67 t/ha. The rice production profit of the VietGAP mode is relatively low, about 14,079,320 VND/ha, which is 948,200 VND/ha higher than that of the conventional mode. The profit-cost ratio of rice production with VietGAP is not significantly higher than that with conventional rice production.Keywords: economic efficiency, rice household, VietGAP, conventional rice production

scholarly journals Population priorities: the challenge of continued rapid population growth

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1532) ◽  
pp. 2977-2984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adair Turner
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern World ◽  
World Population ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Per Capita

Rapid population growth continues in the least developed countries. The revisionist case that rapid population could be overcome by technology, that population density was advantageous, that capital shallowing is not a vital concern and that empirical investigations had not proved a correlation between high population growth and low per capita income was both empirically and theoretically flawed. In the modern world, population density does not play the role it did in nineteenth-century Europe and rates of growth in some of today's least developed nations are four times than those in nineteenth-century Europe, and without major accumulation of capital per capita , no major economy has or is likely to make the low- to middle-income transition. Though not sufficient, capital accumulation for growth is absolutely essential to economic growth. While there are good reasons for objecting to the enforced nature of the Chinese one-child policy, we should not underestimate the positive impact which that policy has almost certainly had and will have over the next several decades on Chinese economic performance. And a valid reticence about telling developing countries that they must contain fertility should not lead us to underestimate the severely adverse impact of high fertility rates on the economic performance and prospects of many countries in Africa and the Middle East.

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