Morphophysiological responses of Ilex paraguariensis seedlings to different substrates and fertilizations

ABSTRACT The increasing demand for Ilex paraguariensis St. Hill (yerba mate) by-products generated the need for producing a greater quantity of seedlings and improve their quality. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of different substrates combined with base fertilization for Ilex paraguariensis seedlings, through morphophysiological parameters. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 5 x 3 factorial arrangement, and the treatments consisted of five substrate formulations combined with two fertilizers, and a control without fertilization, in November 2013. The I. paraguariensis seedlings produced in the substrate consisted of subsurface soil, cattle manure and charred rice hulls (2:2:1) presented the greatest heights (53.36 cm), stem diameter (6.80 mm), leaf area (692.52 cm2), root dry weight (6.2 g) and total dry weight (16.4 g). The efficiency of the different fertilizations used was similar regarding the seedling growth. The physiological parameters did not differ between treatments. The substrate composed of subsurface soil, manure and charred rice hulls (2:2:1) and fertilization with urea (0.7 g L-1) single superphosphate (8.0 g L-1) and potassium chloride (0.4 g L-1) is recommended for producing I. paraguariensis seedlings.

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Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Andrographolida Tanaman Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) Akibat Perbedaan Dosis Pupuk Guano

Rekayasa ◽

10.21107/rekayasa.v13i2.6905 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 164-171

Author(s):

Suhartono Suhartono ◽

Diana Nurus Sholehah ◽

Rohmad Suci Murdianto

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Andrographis Paniculata ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Growth Production ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Total Dry Weight

Tanaman sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat unggulan Indonesia selain temulawak, mengkudu, pegagan, lidah buaya, lada, dan kunyit. Peningkatan produktivitas sambiloto dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan teknik budidaya melalui sistem pemupukan. Kajian aplikasi pupuk guano terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi dan kandungan andgrographolida pada tanaman sambiloto terbatas, sehingga perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk guano terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan andrographolida pada tanaman sambiloto. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan Program Studi Agroteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Trunojoyo Madura pada bulan Januari - April 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non faktorial dengan perlakuan 6 taraf dosis pupuk guano dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan dosis pupuk guano per hektar meliputi G0 (control/tanpa pupuk guano), G1 (5 ton), G2 (7.5 ton), G3 (10 ton), G4 (12.5 ton), dan G5 (15 ton). Pada setiap percobaan terdapat 6 tanaman dengan rincian 3 tanaman sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemupukan guano pada dosis 15 ton/ha (G5) memberikan hasil terbaik untuk parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, berat basah total dan berat kering total tanaman. Kandungan andrographolida (%) tertinggi diperoleh pada dosis pupuk guano 7.5 ton/ha (G2), sedangkan produksi andrograpolida (mg) tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan G4 (dosis pupuk guano 12.5 ton/ha).Response of Growth and Production of Srographic Andrographolida Plants (Andrographis paniculata Nees) Due to Differences in Guano Fertilizer Doses Bitter plant (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) including one featured Indonesian medicinal plants in addition to ginger, noni, gotu kola, aloe vera, pepper, and turmeric. Increased productivity is bitter to do with the improvement of farming techniques through a system of fertilization. Study of guano fertilizer application on the growth, production, and content andrographolide the bitter plant is limited, so it is necessary to know the effect of guano fertilizer on the growth and content of the plant andrographolide bitter. This research was conducted at the experiment station Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University Trunojoyo Madura at January-April 2016 by using a completely randomized design (RAL) non-factorial with 4 replications consisting of G0 (control/without guano fertilizer), G1 ( fertilizer guano 5 tons/ha) G2 (7.5 tons/ha), G3 (10 tons/ha), G4 (12.5 tons/ha) and G5 (15 tons/ha) on each trial there are 6 plants with details of 3 plants in the sample. The results showed that the guano fertilizer at a dose of 15 tons/ha (G5) can be increased plant height, leaf number, leaf area, total wet weight, and total dry weight. The highest content of andrographolide obtained at doses of 7.5 tons/ha (G2) of guano fertilizer, while the highest yield of andrographolide obtained at doses 12.5 tons/ha of guano fertilizer (G4).

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Brachiaria sp yield and nutrient contents after nitrogen and sulphur fertilization

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832013000400017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 997-1003 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Reges Heinrichs ◽

Fernanda Grecco Grano ◽

Leda Gobbo de Freitas Bueno ◽

Cecílio Viega Soares Filho ◽

Jailson Lara Fagundes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Sulfate ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pastoral Systems ◽

Brachiaria Decumbens ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Green Leaves ◽

Production Factors ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Total Dry Weight

Among the production factors, adequate fertilization is an important tool to raise the productivity of pastoral systems and consequently increase the share of Brazil in the supply chain of primary agricultural products at the global level. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization in BRACHIARIA DECUMBENS: Stapf. The experiment in pots with Dystrophic Oxisol was evaluated in a completely randomized design with four replications in a 5 x 3 factorial arrangement, involving five N doses (0, 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg dm-3) in the form of ammonium nitrate and three S doses (0, 20 and 80 mg dm-3) in the form of calcium sulfate, with a total of 15 treatments. In the treatments with low S dose, calcium was provided as calcium chloride, to ensure a homogeneous Ca supply in all treatments. The results showed that the tiller production and dry weight of green leaves and of stems + sheaths and total dry weight were favored by the combination of N and S fertilizer, while the proportion of dry leaves was reduced. Nitrogen fertilization raised the N contents in green leaves and stems + sheaths and reduced K contents in fresh and dry leaves. The response to S rates in the N content of green leaves was quadratic.

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The potential of Cosmos sulphureus flower extract as a bioherbicide for Cyperus rotundus

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d201215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Dyah Respatie ◽

Yudono Prapto ◽

Aziz Purwantoro ◽

Y. Andi Trisyono

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Purple Nutsedge ◽

Flower Extract ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Different Levels

Abstract. Respatie. D. W, Yudono P, Purwantoro A, Trisyono Y.A. 2019. The potential of Cosmos sulphureus flower extract as a bioherbicide for Cyperus rotundus. Biodiversitas 20: 3568-3574. Cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) flower is recognized as natural source of bioherbicide compounds for several weeds. The purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is an important weed, and this research was aimed to determine the effects of cosmos flower extract on this weed. Dried cosmos flowers were threshed and extracted using maceration method with 70% alcohol. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Purple nutsedge tubers were planted in polybags and treated with cosmos flower extract applicated once to three times with 300 mL polybag-1 at the concentration of 40%. Different levels of inhibitions on purple nutsedge growth were observed at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) due to the presence of gallic acid in the extract. Growth parameters for purple nutsedge were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Least Significant Differences (LSD) at α=0.05. Significant reductions in the number of mother shoots, daughter shoots, and roots, length of mother leaves, length of rhizomes, root, and total leaf area of the purple nutsedge treated with the cosmos flower extract at 30 DAS compared to those in the control. A significant reduction was also observed in foliage dry weight, underground organs dry weight, and total dry weight of purple nutsedge. The three application times yielded maximum inhibition. In addition, these treatments reduced N, P, and K content, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis rates at 30 DAS. These results suggest that cosmos flower extract has the potential for controlling purple nutsedge.

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Doses de fósforo e potássio no desenvolvimento da cultura de Crambe abyssinica

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i2.4298 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Lucia Helena Garófalo Chaves ◽

Ramara Sena Souza

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Crambe Abyssinica ◽

Fertilizer Use ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Number Of Branches

A cultura do crambe (Crambe abyssinica) é uma alternativa para produção de biodisel recebendo este enfoque por sua rusticidade, precocidade, alto teor de óleo e adaptabilidade. Os nutrientes minerais possuem funções essenciais e específicas no metabolismo das plantas. A aplicação de fertilizantes minerais é feita para repor sua perda, pois a cada ciclo as plantas extraem nutrientes dos solos. O manejo adequado do uso de fertilizantes no cultivo do crambe é pouco conhecido, não havendo recomendações específicas para a adubação. Portanto, objetivou-se estudar os efeitos da adubação mineral relativa aos elementos fósforo e potássio, no crescimento e na produção do crambe. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 + 1, com três repetições, totalizando 51 unidades experimentais. As doses de fósforo e potássio utilizadas foram 50; 75; 100 e 125 kg ha-1. Aos 60 dias após o semeio (DAS) foram analisadas altura das plantas, diâmetro caulinar e número de ramificações. As plantas foram colhidas em fase de maturação aos 90 DAS, quando foram avaliadas a massa seca total das plantas, número de grãos por planta e massa de mil grãos. O crescimento e a produção do crambe, nestas condições, foram pouco influenciados pela aplicação de fósforo e potássio, provavelmente, porque a cultura foi prejudicada pela falta de adubação nitrogenada.Phosphorus and potassium doses in the development of Crambe abyssinica cultureAbstract: Mineral nutrients have essential and specific roles in plant metabolism. The application of mineral fertilizers is made to replenish its loss, for every cycle of the plant extract soil nutrients. The crambe culture is an alternative for the production of biodiesel getting this approach for its rusticity, precocity, high oil content and adaptability. Proper management of fertilizer use in crambe cultivation is little known and no specific recommendations for fertilizer. Therefore, the objective of this research was to study the effects of mineral fertilizers on the elements phosphorus and potassium on growth and production of crambe. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse, with a completely randomized design in a factorial 4 x 4 + 1, with three repetitions, totaling 51 experimental units. Phosphorus and potassium levels the used were 50; 75; 100 and 125 kg ha-1. The use of these elements caused no significant effect on the growth and production of crambe. Sixty days after sowing (DAS) plant height, stem diameter and number of branches were analyzed. Plants were harvested at maturity stage at 90 DAS, when the total dry weight of plants, number of grains per plant and thousand grain weights were evaluated. The growth and production of crambe, these conditions were little influenced by the application of phosphorus and potassium, probably because culture was hampered by a lack of nitrogen fertilization.

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Pemanfaatan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dan Pot Organik untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Suren (Toona sinensis Roem.) di Persemaian Permanen IPB Dramaga

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.11.2.102-108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 102-108

Author(s):

Sri Wilarso Budi ◽

Dwi Puspasari Arum Ramadhani

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Environmentally Friendly ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Toona Sinensis ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Total Dry Weight

The cultivation of seedling which uses polybag caused the increase of polybag demand. Due to the rising demand of polybag, the rate of pollution caused by polybag waste is increasing as well, so that it requires an alternative to solve the problem by using organic based pot which is environmentally friendly and easily degraded. This study aimed to analyze the effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) adding and the utilization of organic based pot to the growth of Suren (T. sinensis) seedling. This study was conducted using completely randomized design with two factor method, as well as observation for 16 weeks. The results showed that the interaction of organic pot composition treatment and AMF addition were significantly affected to the both parameters of height and diameter, while the treatment of organic pot composition was significantly affected to the parameter of total dry weight, moreover the treatment of AMF addition was significantly affected to the parameter of colonization of AMF. The results of this study indicated that the treatment of newspaper: rice husk gave better response of growth than other treatments. Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, suren (T. sinensis), organic pot

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Enraizamiento de esquejes de Salicornia bigelovii (Torr.) por quitosano como un bioproducto de origen marino.

REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA ◽

10.28940/terra.v37i4.517 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 361

Author(s):

Betzabe Ebenhezer López-Corona ◽

Iram Mondaca-Fernández ◽

Pablo Gortáres-Moroyoqui ◽

María Mercedes Meza-Montenegro ◽

José De Jesús Balderas-Cortés ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Butyric Acid ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Indole Butyric Acid ◽

Salicornia Bigelovii ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Germination Process ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Total Dry Weight

The use of halophytes such as Salicornia bigelovii represents an alternative with economic potential for desert agriculture and coastal areas. However, the success in the establishment of commercial plots has been limited by the low germination percentages of this species. Propagation using plant cuttings represents a viable and rapid alternative to this problem. The formation of functional roots is fundamental in the propagation of plant cuttings and has been achieved through the application of chemical growth regulators. The application of chitosan in some crops has evidenced to be an alternative for the germination process and an enhancer of harvest performance; however, there are no studies that evaluate its effect on the halophyte S. bigelovii. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of marine-derived chitosan and indole butyric acid as root-promoting agents in cuttings of Salicornia bigelovii. The concentrations (individually and combined) of chitosan at 100 and 50% and indole butyric acid were applied at a rate of 0.937 and 1.25 g kg‑1. A completely randomized design of nine treatments and f ive repetitions was used and 225 experimental units were evaluated. The following variables were measured: root length, fresh weight and total dry weight of the root, and number and length of new shoots. The results showed that the most eff icient treatment was 100% chitosan + 0.937 g kg-1 indole butyric acid, promoting the production of photosynthetic shoots up to 800%. These results indicate that it is feasible to achieve the propagation of Salicornia by means of cuttings using marine-derived chitosan as a growth promoter.

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Effect of planting date and density on calendula and peppermint herbs

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v1i1.4241 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Rahim Mohammadian ◽

Behnam Tahmasebpour ◽

Peyvand Samimifar

Keyword(s):

Mutual Effect ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Planting Date ◽

Mass Reduction ◽

Flower Number ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Total Maximum

A factorial experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design to evaluate the effects of planting date and density on calendula herbs and peppermint. It had 3 replicates and was done in Khosroshahr research farm, Tabriz in 2006. Under studied factors were: 3 planting dates (10 May, 25 May and 10 June) in 4 densities (25, 35, 45, 55) of the plant in square meters. The results of variance a nalysis showed that there was 1% probability significant difference between the effects of planting date and bush density on the leave number, bush height and the bush dry weight. But the mutual effect of the plant date in mentioned traits density was insignificant. Regarding the traits mean comparison, the total maximum dry weight was about the 55 bush density in mm. Also, the bush high density in mm causes the bush growth and its mass reduction. When there is the density grain, the flower number will increase due to bush grain in surface unit. Overall, we can conclude that 10 June planting and 45 bush density in mm is the most suitable items and results in favored production with high essence for these crops.

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Respon Akar Bibit Aren Genjah (Arenga pinnata) Di Pembibitan Pada Pemberian Dosis dan Interval Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa

Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.24903/ajip.v7i1.368 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Yetti Elidar

Keyword(s):

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Treatment Combination ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Dose Study ◽

Palm Sugar ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Leaf Dry Weight

Research on the response of roots of palm sugar palm seeds (Arenga pinnata) in nurseries at doses and intervals of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer. Aims to determine the dosage, interval and combination of dosages and fertilization intervals with Nasa liquid organic fertilizer which can provide the best dry weight of the roots in the nursery. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3x3 factorial experiments and each treatment was repeated 8 (eight) times, consisting of: the first factor was the treatment of POC Nasa dose in a concentration of 3 cc POC Nasa per liter of water (D) consists of 3 levels, namely: d1 = 300 ml POC Nasa, d2 = 400 ml POC Nasa, d3 = 500 ml POC Nasa, while the second factor is the treatment of POC Nasa Interval (I) consisting of 3 levels, namely: i1 = 2 once a week, i2 = once every 3 weeks, i3 = once every 4 weeks. The results of the POC Nasa dose study had a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level are: d2 (400 ml of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer), the interval of liquid organic fertilizer Nasa has a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level is: i1 (once every 2 weeks). The treatment combination has no significant effect on all parameters.

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PENGARUH JUMLAH MATA TUNAS TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN STEK BATANG TRUBUSAN SUNGKAI (Peronema canescens)

Jurnal Sylva Scienteae ◽

10.20527/jss.v4i2.3339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 291

Author(s):

Indri Elang Mayanti ◽

Basir Achmad

Keyword(s):

Tropical Forests ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Cuttings ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Experiment Unit ◽

Bud Growth ◽

Total Dry Weight

The areas of tropical forests in Indonesia always decrease every year, so that efforts are needed to cultivate plants efficiently for the supply of seedlings. Sungkai (Peronema canescens) has good quality wood that can be used for various purposes, either for construction, furniture, plywood or the leaves can be used for medicine. The purpose of this study was to analyze the growth of stem cuttings of sungkai based on the number of latent buds by calculating the root dry weight, bud dry weight, and total dry weight. This study used a factorial complete randomized design. There were two factors studied, namely the number of buds consisting of 2 levels: 2 buds and 1 bud, and the stem split factor. Each treatment was replicated 3 times and each experiment unit used 5 cuttings. The growth of sungkai cuttings in the treatment of two buds had a total dry weight of 170.04 grams, while the treatment of one bud had a total dry weight of 98.30 grams. The results of this study indicated that the more the number of latent buds, the more root and bud growth of cuttings.Keywords: Coppice; Latent buds; Cuttings; Sungkai

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Managment of sulphur fertilizer in forage sorghum crop cultivated in eutrophic Cambisol with alkaline pH

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.08.p1530 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1258-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thiago Henrique Ferreira Matos Castañon ◽

Boanerges Freire de Aquino ◽

Edna Maria Bonfim Silva ◽

Izabel Maria Almeida Lima ◽

Ana Paula Alves Barreto Damasceno

Keyword(s):

Elemental Sulfur ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Single Superphosphate ◽

Soil Fertilization ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Sulphur Fertilizer ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of soil fertilization with sulfur-based fertilizers, sulfate and elemental sulfur forms on biomass production, nutrient characteristics of sorghum and soil chemical properties. The experiment was carried out in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme (four sulfur sources: single superphosphate, agricultural gypsum, elemental sulfur powder and elemental sulfur granulated with bentonite, and four sulfur doses: 0, 40, 80, 120 mgdm-3) using four replications in a completely randomized design, being cultivated in pots under greenhouse conditions. The sorghum was cultivated for a period of 51 days after emergence of the seedlings. The shoot dry mass, shoot macronutrients content, root and soil and pH of the soil were evaluated. There were interactions between sources and sulfur doses in the variables such as shoot dry mass, sulfur in the root, sulfur and calcium in the soil. Elemental sulfur (granulate) showed lower concentrations of phosphorus, sulfur and N:S ratio in the shoot. The concentrations of potassium, calcium and magnesium did not show significant differences, both for the shoot and the root. The pH of the soil was reduced depending on the sources and doses of elemental sulfur. The sources and doses of sulfur did not influence the levels of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in the soil. The elemental sulfur in the form of powder is the best source of sulfur for forage sorghum cultivated in soil with alkaline pH.

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