scholarly journals GRANULOMATOUS MENINGOMYELOENCEPHALITIS IN A CALF CAUSED BY MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
C. Del Fava ◽  
E. Roxo ◽  
L. Baldassi ◽  
E.M.S. Cunha ◽  
A.D. Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Mononuclear Infiltrate ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, characterized by respiratory disorders, emaciation and lymphadenomegaly. Neurological signs associated with granulomatous lesions in the central nervous system are rarely seen. In Brazil, the National Program for Control and Eradication of bovine tuberculosis has begun in 2001, and notification of the disease is compulsory. A case of tuberculous meningomyeloencephalitis is reported in a dairy calf less than one year old presenting neurological signs (irritability, aggressiveness, weakness, dizziness and recumbency) which progressed to death in three days. Brain, spinal cord, and lung tissue samples were examined histopathologically. The spinal cord showed granulomatous meningomyelitis with Langhans giant cells in the meninges and perivascular mononuclear cuffing in the white and gray matter. There were a few granulomas in the cerebral cortex with a central area of necrosis surrounded by mononuclear infiltrate. Mononuclear perivascular cuffing, satellitosis, hyperemia, and severe granulomatous meningitis with Langhans giant cells were observed in the neuropile. Samples of brain were inoculated into Petragnani and Stonebrink media. M. bovis was isolated and identified by PCR with JB21-JB22 primers. Considering the 2,888 samples of bovine CNS sent for surveillance of neurological syndrome and negative for Rabies, this was the only case of tuberculous meningomyeloencephalitis (0,035%) diagnosed from 2004 to 2008 by the Laboratory of Anatomopathology of Instituto Biológico. Although tuberculous meningomyeloencephalitis is not so frequent, it’s important to diagnose M. bovis as a causative agent of bovine neurological disorders. In accordance with Brazilian regulations, sanitary measures in the infected herd (test-and-slaughter) should be adopted.

scholarly journals Genetic profiles of Mycobacterium bovis from a cattle herd in southernmost Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3719
Author(s):  
Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho ◽  
Ana Luiza Alves Rosa Osório ◽  
Klaudia Dos Santos Gonçalves Jorge ◽  
Flábio Ribeiro Araújo ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Soto Vidal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
As Species ◽  
Recent Transmission ◽  
Bovine Tissue ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Different Sources

Mycobacterium bovis is the agent of bovine tuberculosis, a disease endemic to all Brazilian states. Molecular typing techniques help to stratify and refine data, providing information that facilitates epidemiological research. In this study, MIRU-VNTR, targeting 24 loci, was employed to identify and characterize the genetic groups of M. bovis isolates obtained from an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis. Eighteen acid-fast bacilli isolates, obtained from bovine tissue samples, and reactive to the comparative cervical tuberculin test, were identified as species of the M. tuberculosis complex, and were genotyped by MIRU-VNTR with 24 primer pairs. Genotyping revealed three genetic profiles comprising one with 15 isolates (83.3%), one with two isolates (11.1%), and one profile with one unique isolate (5.6%). This distinction was achieved with the MIRU 31 primer, which resulted in clustering of two isolates into the same profile, and ETR A, B, and C, which discriminated the isolate with a unique profile. The occurrence of clustered isolates is indicative of recent transmission, whereas isolates with a unique profile suggest reactivation of latent infection. The presence of different M. bovis genotypes in the same herd suggests movement of infected animals or different sources of intra-herd infection. Use of the MIRU-VNTR molecular epidemiology technique in M. bovis isolates obtained from an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in Rio Grande do Sul state demonstrated the genetic diversity of circulating strains, despite the presence of a predominant group.

Formation of Multinucleated Giant Cells (MGC) in Vitro by Sensitized Macrophages Exposed to Mycobacterium Bovis

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
Alwin H. Warfel ◽  
John Hadden ◽  
Nina Lampen ◽  
Dolores Pla ◽  
Etienne de Harven
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Plastic Substrate ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽  
Multinucleated Giant Cells

Adult rabbits were injected intravenously with heat killed Mycobacterium bovis strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) suspended in oil. As reported previously (1) the rabbits develop a strong infiltration of mononuclear cells which can easily be demonstrated in the lungs 40-50 days post-sensitization. Cells lavaged from these lungs consists of about 82% macrophages, 14% lymphocytes, 3% polymorphonuclear leukocytes and 1% giant cells. Within five to six hours after in vitro cultivation with heat-killed BCG, the macrophages which have already attached to the plastic substrate form clusters apparently by migration. When the mixed population of lavaged cells is cultured for 24 hours many macrophages seem to fuse to form multinucleated giant cells (MGC), whereas cells collected from unsensitized rabbits do not form significant numbers of MGC. A typical MGC containing at least 35 nuclei in the central area of the syncytium is shown in Fig. 1. The mechanism involved in this cell fusion process is not understood.

scholarly journals Novel molecular transport medium used in combination with Xpert MTB/RIF ultra provides rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis in African buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Clarke ◽  
Katrin Smith ◽  
Samantha J. Goldswain ◽  
Christopher Helm ◽  
David V. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Transport Medium ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

AbstractMycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife. Confirmation of M. bovis infection relies on mycobacterial culture, which is time-consuming. Collection and transportation of infectious material also pose a human health risk. PrimeStore Molecular Transport Medium (MTM) has been shown to effectively inactivate infectious organisms, making it a safe method for handling infectious samples. This study investigated an in-field sampling technique for rapid, safe detection of M. bovis in buffalo tissues. Potentially infected tissues from bTB test-positive buffaloes were swabbed at post-mortem examination and stored in PrimeStore MTM at ambient temperature until Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing was performed. Additionally, tissue samples were frozen and transported before homogenisation for culture and Ultra testing. Oral swabs were collected from M. bovis-unexposed buffaloes as a negative control cohort. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA was detected by Ultra in 13/16 tissue swabs and 9/16 matched tissue homogenates from culture-confirmed M. bovis-positive buffalo tissues. MTBC DNA was not detected in swabs from M. bovis-unexposed animals, showing the potentially high specificity of Ultra with PrimeStore swabs. PrimeStore MTM sample processing, in combination with the Ultra assay, has the potential to provide a safe, rapid post-mortem screening test for M. bovis in buffaloes.

scholarly journals Immune Responses to Defined Antigens of Mycobacterium bovis in Cattle Experimentally Infected with Mycobacterium kansasii

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Waters ◽  
M. V. Palmer ◽  
T. C. Thacker ◽  
J. B. Payeur ◽  
N. B. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Antibodies ◽  
Specific Serum ◽  
Specific Proteins

ABSTRACT Cross-reactive responses elicited by exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria often confound the interpretation of antemortem tests for Mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. The use of specific proteins (e.g., ESAT-6, CFP-10, and MPB83), however, generally enhances the specificity of bovine tuberculosis tests. While genes for these proteins are absent from many nontuberculous mycobacteria, they are present in M. kansasii. Instillation of M. kansasii into the tonsillar crypts of calves elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity and in vitro gamma interferon and nitrite concentration responses of leukocytes to M. avium and M. bovis purified protein derivatives (PPDs). While the responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to M. avium and M. bovis PPDs were approximately equivalent, the responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to M. bovis PPD exceeded their respective responses to M. avium PPD. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves to recombinant ESAT-6-CFP-10 (rESAT-6-CFP-10) exceeded corresponding responses of noninoculated calves as early as 15 and 30 days after inoculation, respectively, and persisted throughout the study. The gamma interferon and nitrite responses of M. bovis-inoculated calves to rESAT-6-CFP-10 exceeded the corresponding responses of M. kansasii-inoculated calves beginning 30 days after inoculation. By using a lipoarabinomannan-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, specific serum antibodies were detected as early as 50 days after challenge with M. kansasii. By a multiantigen print immunoassay and immunoblotting, serum antibodies to MPB83, but not ESAT-6 or CFP-10, were detected in M. kansasii-inoculated calves; however, responses to MPB83 were notably weaker than those elicited by M. bovis infection. These findings indicate that M. kansasii infection of calves elicits specific responses that may confound the interpretation of bovine tuberculosis tests.

scholarly journals Use of ethanol extract of Mycobacterium bovis for detection of specific antibodies in sera of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) with bovine tuberculosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Wadhwa ◽  
Rachel E Johnson ◽  
Colin G Mackintosh ◽  
J Frank T Griffin ◽  
W Waters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Specific Antibodies

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in Rwanda: Prevalence and economic impact evaluation by meat inspection at Société des Abattoirs de Nyabugogo-Nyabugogo Abattoir, Kigali

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gervais Habarugira ◽  
Joseph Rukelibuga ◽  
Mark O. Nanyingi ◽  
Borden Mushonga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen

Despite the significant public health burden of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Rwanda, the prevalence of bTB is poorly documented. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of bTB in cattle using gross examination of granulomatous lesions, to identify mycobacteria species in suspected samples, and to evaluate the economic impact of meat condemnation based on bTB-like lesions in the meat industry in Rwanda. Routine meat inspection was conducted at Société des Abattoirs de Nyabugogo (SABAN)-Nyabugogo Abattoir. Tissue samples including 31 lymph nodes, 3 lungs and 2 livers were obtained from cattle of different ages with gross tuberculous lesions. Mycobacterium bovis was identified using microscopy with Kinyoun staining and isolation of mycobacterial species in culture on Löwenstein–Jensen and Colestos media, further identified using biochemical tests. Our findings, based on culture and postmortem results, show that the prevalence of bTB is 0.5%(0.587*148/16753), with an overall gross tuberculous lesion prevalence of 0.9% (148/16753). The presence of lesions were higher in cattle aged 2 years and older (1.6% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.05) and higher in females than in males (1.4% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.05). Of the 36 samples tested, 26 (72.2%) were positive by microscopic examination with Kinyoun staining while M. bovis was culture-confirmed in 21 (58.7%) cases. Bovine tuberculosis caused condemnation of 1683.5 kg of meat, resulting in an estimated loss of $4810. Our findings indicate that the prevalence of bTB in Rwanda is significant, and that bTB is a major cause of meat condemnation requiring continued implementation of surveillance and control measures. Furthermore, the results from this study also show important variations in sensitivity of the different tests that were used to determine the prevalence of bTB in cattle in Rwanda.

scholarly journals Bovine Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) Outbreak Duration in Cattle Herds in Ireland: A Retrospective Observational Study

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Byrne ◽  
Damien Barrett ◽  
Philip Breslin ◽  
Jamie M. Madden ◽  
James O'Keeffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) outbreaks, caused by Mycobacterium bovis infection, are a costly animal health challenge. Understanding factors associated with the duration of outbreaks, known as breakdowns, could lead to better disease management policy development. We undertook a retrospective observational study (2012–2018) and employed Finite Mixture Models (FMM) to model the outcome parameter, and to investigate how factors were associated with duration for differing subpopulations identified. In addition to traditional risk factors (e.g., herd size, bTB history), we also explored farm geographic area, parcels/farm fragmentation, metrics of intensity via nitrogen loading, and whether herds were designated controlled beef finishing units (CBFU) as potential risk factors for increased duration. The final model fitted log-normal distributions, with two latent classes (k) which partitioned the population into a subpopulation around the central tendency of the distribution, and a second around the tails of the distribution. The latter subpopulation included longer breakdowns of policy interest. Increasing duration was positively associated with recent (<3 years) TB history and the number of reactors disclosed, (log) herd size, beef herd-type relative to other herd types, number of land parcels, area, being designated a CBFU (“feedlot”) and having high annual inward cattle movements within the “tails” subpopulation. Breakdown length was negatively associated with the year of commencement of breakdown (i.e., a decreasing trend) and non-significantly with the organic nitrogen produced on the farm (N kg/hectare), a measure of stocking density. The latter finding may be due to confounding effects with herd size and area. Most variables contributed only moderately to explaining variation in breakdown duration, that is, they had moderate size effects on duration. Herd-size and CBFU had greater effect sizes on the outcome. The findings contribute to evidence-based policy formation in Ireland.

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