scholarly journals Brazilian Amazonian palm-stem types and uses: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-346
Author(s):  
Tatiani Yuriko Pinheiro KIKUCHI ◽  
Cátia Henriques CALLADO
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Stem Size ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Income ◽  
Socratea Exorrhiza

ABSTRACT Palms may be an important source of renewable raw material to replace wood, however, the uses of the stems of native species of the Brazil are known only at the local or regional level. We carried out a literature review on the traditional knowledge of the uses of the stems of palm species native to the Amazon biome in Brazil, and related the types of uses with morphological characteristics of the stems. The review resulted in information on 45 species with solitary or cespitose stems, and six stem-size types: tall (15 species), medium-short (3), medium (5), small (17), acaulescent (1) and climbing (4). We found 80 indications of stem use in seven categories and 14 subcategories. A similarity analysis showed that, in general, tall, medium-short, medium, small (≥ 10 cm in diameter) and climbing stem types, solitary or cespitous, are used for construction, furniture, handicrafts, utensils, tools and musical instruments. Only small stems (< 10 cm diameter) are used to manufacture weapons for hunting and fishing, and climbing stems are used in the manufacture of ropes. Stems of Socratea exorrhiza, Euterpe oleracea and Desmoncus polyacanthos are the most frequently used to meet subsistence needs in traditional communities in the Brazilian Amazon. Our findings indicate that there is a potential for use of several native palm stems as sources for alternative materials in the manufacture industry and as sustainable income sources for Amazonian communities.

scholarly journals The risks of introduction of the Amazonian palm Euterpe oleracea in the Atlantic rainforest

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
F. C. S. Tiberio ◽  
T. A. Sampaio-e-Silva ◽  
D. M. S. Matos ◽  
A. Z. Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Palm Species

Abstract The introduction of a species may alter ecological processes of native populations, such as pollination and dispersal patterns, leading to changes in population structure. When the introduced and the native species are congeners, interference in pollination can also lead to hybridization. We aimed to understand the ecological aspects of Euterpe oleracea introduction in the Atlantic forest and the possible consequences for the conservation of the native congener Euterpe edulis. We analysed the population structure of palm populations, including hybrids, and observed the interaction with frugivorous birds of both palm species after E. oleracea introduction. We observed that E. edulis had significantly lower density and a smaller number of seedlings when occurring with E. oleracea. Native and introduced Euterpe species shared nine frugivorous bird species. E. oleracea and hybrids had dispersed outside the original planting area. Consequently, the risks of introduction of E. oleracea may mostly be related to the disruption of interactions between E. edulis and frugivorous birds and the spontaneous production of hybrids. Finally, the cultivation of E. oleracea and hybrids in Atlantic rainforest could affect the conservation of the already endangered E. edulis.

scholarly journals Palm community transitions along a topographic gradient from floodplain to terra firme in the eastern Amazon

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo SALM ◽  
Anderson PRATES ◽  
Nadson RESSYÉ SIMÕES ◽  
Lisa FEDER
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Seasonally Flooded ◽  
Astrocaryum Aculeatum ◽  
Socratea Exorrhiza

Palms show clear niche segregation patterns along topographic gradients in tropical forests, with some species associated to terra firme and others to seasonally flooded areas. The aim of this study was to quantitatively describe the fine-scale spatial variation within a palm community, tracking the changes in species' abundance along environmental gradients associated with a perennial stream the eastern Amazon. The study of palm communities was based on 60 forest plots in which all adult palms were counted. We found a total of 566 palms in a community containing 11 species. Furthermore, we found a significant separation in the palm community between seasonally-flooded and terra firme forests. We found a gradient with various densities of the three most abundant palm species within the first 100 m away from the flooded area. Other species were located exclusively in the terra firme forest. The abundance of the six most common species were distributed in relation to humidity gradients from floodplains to terra firme, with palm distribution from the most flood-tolerant to the least flood-tolerant palm species as follows: Euterpe oleracea, Attalea phalerata and Socratea exorrhiza (species with floodplain affinity), Astrocaryum gynacanthum, Astrocaryum aculeatum, Attalea maripa (species with terra firme affinity)

Bio-Oil as a Potential Biomass-Derived Renewable Raw Material for Bio-Phenol Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Zhu ◽  
Feng Jin ◽  
Minghui Fan ◽  
Junxu Liu ◽  
Rui Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Renewable Raw Material

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on acid hydrolysis of Jerusalem artichoke as raw material for ethanol production

2013 ◽  
pp. 279-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojka Razmovski ◽  
Vesna Vucurovic ◽  
Uros Miljic ◽  
Vladimir Puskas
Keyword(s):  
Hold Time ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Microbial Conversion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Yield ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Jerusalem artichoke (JA) is a low-requirement crop, which does not interfere with food chain, and is a promising carbon source for industrial fermentation. Microbial conversion of such a renewable raw material to useful products, such as ethanol, is an important objective in industrial biotechnology. In this study, ethanol was efficiently produced from the hydrolyzates of JA obtained at different pH values (pH 2.5, pH 3.0 and pH 3.5), temperature (120, 130, 132 and 134?C) and hold time (30 and 60 min) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The efficient degradation of JA by HCl under certain experimental conditions was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. Ethanol concentration of 7.52% (w/w), which corresponds to 93.89 % of the theoretical yield is achieved by ethanol fermentation of JA hydrolyzate obtained at pH 2.5.

scholarly journals Possible Use Of Hemp And Wood In Production Of The Heat Insulation Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Martins Andzs ◽  
Voldemars Skrupskis
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Heat Insulation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Heat Transmission ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Heat Insulation Material ◽  
Renewable Raw Material

Obtaining of a new ecological heat insulation material from always renewable raw material in nature, wood and hemp, derived from wood and hemp fibre remains left from the production process. The study was carried out to find hemp wood parts (shives), fiber, and material first possible compositions together with wood fibres, to produce heat insulation materials. The use of the heat insulation material would be meant for dwelling and recreation houses. In the present research the main characteristics of these materials are determined: moisture content, density, water absorption, as well as the coefficient of heat transmission.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Acid Polyols As a Feedstock to Produce Flexible Polyurethanes and Their Effect on the Income Level of Furniture Craftsmen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Andi Budirohmi
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Renewable Raw Material ◽  
Shoe Soles ◽  
Alternative Feedstock

Polyuretanes are widely used as elastomers, coatings, adhesivesand binders,interior and exterior cars, furniture,shoe soles, carpets, rigit and flexible foams, membrane materials as well as constuction materials .The production of polyurethanes is largely derived  from  polyols derived from petroleum . Howover, petroleum  is a non- renewable raw material . Thus it is necessary to look alternative feedstock  for the manufacture of polyol  as a polyurethane raw material. Synnthesis polyurethane by polymerization process  using  polyol volume based on polyol  oleat acid  polypropylenglycol ( PPG ) in order to know  whether fatty acid can be used  as raw materials  of polyurethane manufacture.From the result of the study. Based on Fourier Transform Infra  Red ( FTIR), showed,that the product  produced is polyol with obtained hydroxyl  group ( OH group )with hydroxylnumber is 129,81 mg KOH / g and 157,60 mg KOH / g sample of 70 

scholarly journals Renewable organic waste as substrate conditioning for the production of Euterpe oleracea seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e76101724345
Author(s):  
Amanda da Silva Reis ◽  
Nayara Martins Alencar ◽  
João Batista Fernandes da Cruz ◽  
Maria Luara Aragão Silva ◽  
Flavia Barreira Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Euterpe Oleracea ◽  
Renewable Materials ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Absolute Growth

Forest restoration has the premise of restoring degraded native vegetation to conditions prior to degradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of seedlings of a native species from the Amazon biome (Euterpe oleracea) under different substrates. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Tocantins, using a completely randomized design, and a 5x 4 factorial scheme, with five substrates (babassu stem + soil, babassu stem + rice husk + soil, coconut fiber + soil, babassu stem + fiber coconut + rice husk + soil, commercial substrate + soil - control), four trial periods (50, 100, 150 and 200 days). The evaluated variables: plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total dry matter, seedling quality index, leaf area and absolute growth rate. The growth of assai seedlings was influenced by the different substrates, until the 150 days after transplanting the quality and development of the seedlings were the same, both for the treatments that used commercial substrate and for the treatments that used renewable materials in their composition. The treatment using babassu stem (T1) obtained better shoot dry matter, total dry matter and seedling quality index values, in addition to being a material found in abundance in the regions, making this treatment the most viable and recommended for the production of assai seedlings.

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