SYPHILIS IN PREGNANCY, FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH CONGENITAL SYPHILIS AND NEWBORN CONDITIONS AT BIRTH

ABSTRACT Objectives: to investigate factors associated with the occurrence of congenital syphilis in pregnant women with syphilis and to describe the cases of this disease regarding the justification for notification and aspects related to the newborn. Method: cohort study, with data collection between July and September 2017 which included 158 pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis during pregnancy, reported between 2013 and 2015. The characteristics of pregnant women and newborns are presented descriptively. The outcome under study was the occurrence or not of congenital syphilis. Sociodemographic exposure variables related to prenatal care and the adequacy of maternal syphilis treatment were analyzed by the stepwise selection criteria, and those that presented p<0.20, included in adjusted analysis, when critical p <0.05 was adopted. Results: most pregnant women with syphilis were white, had nine or more years of schooling and did not work. Among the participants, 74 (46.8%) had a newborn with congenital syphilis. Independently, the number of prenatal consultations was the only factor associated with congenital syphilis: as the number of consultations increased, the occurrence decreased (p=0.013, OR=0.87, 95%CI=0.79-0.97). The non-treatment of the mother and partner were the most frequent justifications for defining the case of congenital syphilis, and 33 newborns with syphilis presented complications at birth. Conclusion: considering the association with the number of prenatal consultations, in order to reduce cases of congenital syphilis, the municipality should modify the follow-up in this period, offering consultations, developing health education actions, implementing diagnostic investigation and appropriate treatment for pregnant women, and partnership when necessary.

Download Full-text

1142. Increased Odds of Psychiatric Illness Among Mothers of Infants with Congenital Syphilis

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1328 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S599-S599

Author(s):

Corinne R Thornton ◽

Susan C Bleasdale

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Prenatal Care ◽

Sex Work ◽

Clinical Setting ◽

Psychiatric Illness ◽

Congenital Syphilis ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Sex With Men ◽

Maternal Syphilis

Abstract Background Syphilis can be transmitted mother to child during pregnancy leading to multisystem birth defects if untreated. In Illinois, screening is mandated for pregnant women at first and third trimesters. The University of Illinois Hospital (UIH) serves a vulnerable patient population with a high syphilis prevalence. An understanding of risk factors associated with maternal syphilis infection can guide prevention of congenital syphilis (CS) with early prenatal diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this retrospective case control study is to describe maternal risk factors associated with CS in a clinical setting. Methods Using a database used for health department reporting from 2014-2018 at UIH, 106 maternal syphilis diagnoses were identified. Medical records were reviewed for CS infant diagnosis, sociodemographic information, medical history, and potential risk factors, including multiple sex partners, HIV status, drug use, history of incarceration or sex work, and having sex with men who have sex with men (MSM). Cases were matched with controls of pregnant women with syphilis testing that was not indicative of infection. Results Of the maternal syphilis diagnoses identified, there were 8 cases in which CS was possible or highly probable, 68 in which CS was less likely or unlikely, and 30 that were lost to follow up. Of the possible and probable infants’ mothers, 38% had a psychiatric illness (6.80 OR, 95% CI 1.06-43.48) and 25% were homeless (12.00 OR, 95% CI 0.94-153.89). Late or scant prenatal care was seen in 75% (4.15 OR, 95% CI 0.72-23.95) and 75% had inadequate syphilis treatment. None were HIV positive or reported incarceration, intravenous drug use, sex work, or having sex with MSM. Conclusion Among infants with probable or possible CS, there was a 6.80 increased odds of maternal psychiatric illness compared to those born to mothers not diagnosed with syphilis, which may have complicated prenatal care and delayed diagnosis or treatment. Psychiatric illness outnumbered several other known risk factors; however, these may be less often discussed during clinical encounters. Psychiatric illness history may be a risk factor and means to identify women in the clinical setting who need close follow up and outreach after a prenatal syphilis diagnosis to prevent or mitigate congenital transmission. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Download Full-text

Prevalence and factors associated with anemia in pregnancy among women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja District Hospital of Northern Ghana.

Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences ◽

10.31579/2578-8965/042 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 01-12

Author(s):

Martin Malick

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

World Health ◽

Multiple Gestation ◽

The West ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Folate Supplement ◽

Anemia In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a major public health problem especially in Low and Middle-income countries (LMIC) including Ghana and is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being present when the hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral blood is 11g/dl or less. In most African countries anemia in pregnancy occurs if the hemoglobin concentration falls below 10g/dl. Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing anemia due to several factors such as hemodilution, nutritional factors, multiple gestation, socio-economic status and malaria infestation. Anemia in pregnancy is an important cause of maternal mortality and affects half of pregnant women worldwide; with 56% of West African pregnant women being anemic. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and identify the risk factors associated with anemia among pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the West Gonja Hospital (WGH) Methods: A cross-sectional was conducted with 136 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at the WGH between January 2017 to February 2018. Random sampling was used to select participants and data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using the SPSS Version 24.0. Results: A total 71(52.2%) of the study population were anemic, while 65 (47.8%) were not anemic. 20(74.1%) of the 27 pregnant housewives were anemic, while 11(64.7%) of the pregnant farmers were anemic. 27 (96.4%) of the 28 pregnant women who took their iron/folate supplement only some few days were anemic. 12 (100%) of the 12 participants who took their iron/folate supplement a few times a week were anemic. 4 (80%) of the 5 participants who never took their iron/folate supplement were anemic. 21 (70%) of those who did not sleep under ITN were anemic. 33 (84.6%) of the 39 patients who were diagnosed with malaria were also anemic. 28 (87.5%) of the 32 participants who took only 2 meals a day were anemic. 27 (79.4%) of the 34 patients who took liver, beef, chicken and fish only twice weekly were anemic. 15 (88.2%) of the 17 patients who drank tea some days in a week were anemic. Conclusion: Although most of the pregnant women were adequately educated on the most relevant aspects of anemia in pregnancy, more than half of them were still anemic. Anemia was more prevalent among pregnant uneducated housewives with poor nutritional habits. All the pregnant sickle cell disease patients as well as those diagnosed with malaria were also anemic.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated With Herbal Medicine Use in Pregnancy Among Postnatal Mothers in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in Western Uganda

10.21203/rs.3.rs-141153/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laban Muteebwa ◽

Ali Ssetaala ◽

Dan Muramuzi ◽

Annet Nanvubya ◽

Yunia Mayanja

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Medicine Use ◽

Regional Referral Hospital ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Western Uganda ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract BackgroundThere is widespread use of herbal medicines among populations in sub-Saharan Africa. However, pregnant women should be conscious about medication taken during pregnancy including herbal medicines because their safety profiles are not known and some of them might affect the mother, fetus and pregnancy outcomes. Knowledge about use and safety of herbs in pregnant women is limited. This study aimed to assess the extent of use and the factors associated with use of herbal medicine in pregnancy.MethodsA cross-sectional study involving 385 women 6 weeks post-partum and below, receiving post-natal services at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in Western Uganda was conducted during May to August 2016. Simple random sampling was used to select participants. A structured pretested questionnaire was administered after written informed consent. Data was analyzed using logistic regression (STATA- 14).ResultsOf 385 respondents, 70.4% reported to have used herbal medicine during their most recent pregnancy. Associated factors were perception that herbal medicines are safe (aOR 9.8, 95% CI (4.2-23.0), perception that herbal medicines are important (aOR 12.4, 95% CI (5.2-29.5), staying more than 10KM from the heath facility (aOR 3.1, 95%CI (1.4-6.9), being a first time mother (aOR 2.6, 95%CI (1.1-6.2) and dissatisfaction with ANC services at health facility (aOR 2.6, 95%CI (1.1-6.3)ConclusionHerbal medicine use in pregnancy is common in the study area. Community Sensitization drives about the dangers of herbal medicine use in pregnancy is recommended. Healthcare workers should routinely screen for herbal medicine use during antenatal care visits and labor.

Download Full-text

Pregnancy syphilis epidemic trends, clinical features, APOs risk factors, pregnancy-induced hypertension epidemics and related factors, in Northeast China Jilin Maternity Hospital 2013-2017

10.21203/rs.2.9191/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Fangfang Hu ◽

Huixin Yang ◽

Lixin Sun ◽

Jingjing Luo ◽

Siwen Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Maternity Hospital ◽

Age Group ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Related Factors ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

Maternal Syphilis ◽

Mother To Child ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Background. It is of great public health significance to monitor the global meiosis mother-to-child transmission plan proposed by WHO and monitor the prevalence of maternal syphilis and the factors affecting mother-to-child transmission. Methods. We collected 271 medical records of prenatally diagnosed (from 87286 pregnant women) of syphilis among pregnant women a maternity hospital in Jilin Province China from 2013 to 2017. The chi-square test and Logistic multiple regression analysis were used to describe the clinical characteristics of pregnant women with syphilis and the related factors of adverse pregnancy outcome. Results. The average prevalence of maternal syphilis is 0.31% (95%[CI]: 0.27%-0.35%). The mean age of 271 pregnant women with syphilis is 27.62±5.4 years old. The maternal syphilis prevalence of absence of paid occupation is 73.8%; rural population accounts for 43.6%. Maternal women with a history of abortion accounted for 43.1%, of which 53.1% had abortion ≥2; The average rate of treatment in pregnancy is 25.5% (95%[CI]: 25.4%-25.6%). The prevalence rate of APOs are 43.9% (95%[CI]: 38.1%-49.9%), declined in five years (P<0.05). APOs was significantly higher in women at 30–34 age group than that in 0-24 age group (OR= 2.916, 95%CI: 1.298-6.549) and higher in Un-treatment in pregnancy than that in receive treatment (OR=2.469, 95%CI:1.225-4.975). PROM occurrence (OR=2.702, 95%CI:1.219-5.988); CRP elevation (≥10 mg/L) and RPR high titer (≥1:8) are related to the occurrence of APOs. Abortion, prematurity and low birth weight are associated with no treatment during pregnancy (P<0.05). Comparison of 42 cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension and non-pregnancy-induced hypertension, Dysmenorrhea (OR= 3.654, 95%CI:1.812-7.369) and elevated urine protein (OR= 2.259, 95%CI:1.161-4.394) are the influencing factors of maternal syphilis complicated with pregnancy-induced hypertension. Conclusions. The prevalence of maternal syphilis in northern China is lower than that of 10 years ago, but the decline is still lower than that in the economically developed regions of the south. The rate of non-treatment of syphilis during pregnancy is high, and should be alert to the rebound of maternal syphilis.

Download Full-text

Describing Point of Entry into Care and Being Lost to Program in a Cohort of HIV Positive Pregnant Women in a Large Urban Centre in Uganda

AIDS Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2017/3527563 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rachel Musomba ◽

Frank Mubiru ◽

Shadia Nakalema ◽

Hope Mackline ◽

Ivan Kalule ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Older Women ◽

First Trimester ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Urban Centre ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Point Of Entry ◽

Art Initiation ◽

Hiv Positive Women

Introduction. We aim to describe the time of entry into care and factors associated with being lost to program (LTP) in pregnant women on Option B Plus in an integrated HIV and antenatal care (ANC) clinic in Uganda. Methods. We included all pregnant women enrolled into the integrated HIV-ANC clinic from January 2012 to 31st July 2014, while the follow up period extended up to October 30th 2015. LTP was defined as being out of care for ≥3 months. Results. Overall 856 women were included. Only 36.4% (86/236) of the women were enrolled in the first trimester. Overall 69 (8.1%) were LTP. In the multivariate analysis older women (HR: 0.80 per five-year increase, CI: 0.64–1.0, and P=0.060) and women on ART at the time of pregnancy (0.58, CI: 0.34–0.98, and P=0.040) were more likely not to be LTP. Among women already on ART at the time of pregnancy no factor was associated with LTP. Conclusion. Our results suggest the need for interventions to enhance prompt linkage of HIV positive women to HIV services for ART initiation and for increased retention particularly in young and ART naive women.

Download Full-text

20 Years of Follow-up Alloimmunization and Hemolytic Disease in Newborn: Has Anything Changed in the Field Over the Years?

Klinische Pädiatrie ◽

10.1055/a-1248-2329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 232 (06) ◽

pp. 314-320

Author(s):

Marjana Jerkovic Raguz ◽

Zeljka Prce ◽

Vedran Bjelanovic ◽

Ivana Bjelanovic ◽

Sanja Dzida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Significant Progress ◽

Hemolytic Disease ◽

The West ◽

The Past ◽

Precautionary Measures ◽

In Pregnancy

Abstract Objective of the study is to research the epidemiological aspects of maternal alloimmunization against erythrocyte antigens of fetuses (AB0, Rhesus, Lewis, Kell, Duffy and others) and to identify the most common types of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) in the West Herzegovina region. Study Design The 20-year retrospective epidemiological study includes all pregnant women who had been immunologically tested and newborn treated for HDN. Results The indirect antiglobulin (IAT) detected antibodies against antigens in 545 (1.8%) pregnant women of the 29 663 who were tested at the Department of Transfusion Medicine. During the 20-year-long study 310 (1.0%) newborn with HDN were treated. Our results indicate that 42% (230/545) of the pregnant women had AB0 immunization. The most common form of HDN is AB0 HDN 64% (199/310), whereas RhD HDN was treated in 19% (59/310) of the newborn infants. ETR was performed on 29 (19%) infants, 21 (72.4%) with AB0 HDN, and 7 (26%) with RhD HDN. Conclusion This 20-year-long study concludes that, even though there has been significant progress in the prevention of immunization and proactive treatment of HDN, precautionary measures are still required as is the need for gynecologists and obstetricians to be active. The reasons for this are the non-existence of preventive measures for non-RhD immunization, the irregular immunological screening of RhD positive women in pregnancy in the region encompassed by the study in the past few years. The above raises new questions and recommends further research and monitoring of immunization and HDN treatment worldwide.

Download Full-text

Factors Associated with Anemia in Pregnancy in Cascades Region in Burkina Faso

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety ◽

10.9734/ejnfs/2015/21018 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 663-664

Author(s):

Ilboudo Bernard ◽

Savadogo G. Léon Blaise ◽

Kinda Maurice ◽

Guiguemde T. Robert ◽

Dramaix-wilmet Michèle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Intermittent Preventive Treatment ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Anemia In Pregnancy ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia ◽

In Pregnancy

Objectives: To analyze the factors associated with anemia in pregnancy in the Cascades region in Burkina Faso. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in antenatal clinics of the Cascades region in Burkina Faso during one month from May to June 2012. We collected data on socio-demographics and health characteristics of pregnant women attending these clinics. Hemoglobin was measured to assess anemia. Factors associated with anemia were identified through a multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 1763 pregnant women, irrespectively of pregnancy stage, were enrolled. The mean (SD) hemoglobin level was 10.6 (1.4) g/dl. The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy was 58.9%, 3.2% of them being severe. Factors associated with anemia were the absence of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria with sulfadoxin-pyrimetamin (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0-1.7), number of pregnancies >6 (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.9). Moderate consumption of local alcohol extracted from Palmyra was associated with a lower prevalence of anemia (OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5-0.9). Surprisingly, anemia was not associated with supplementation with folic acid + iron (p = 0.60). Conclusions: Interventions which aim to reduce the prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in Burkina Faso should improve the coverage of the intermittent preventive treatment of malaria and support the limitation of births.

Download Full-text

Maternal syphilis treatment and pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective study in Jiangxi Province, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33577/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhihua Wan ◽

Huan Zhang ◽

Haigang Xu ◽

Yang Hu ◽

Cai Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

First Trimester ◽

Jiangxi Province ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Maternal Treatment ◽

Syphilis Treatment ◽

Maternal Syphilis ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Studies investigating the associations of maternal syphilis treatment during pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes mainly concentrated in economically developed areas. Limited data are available in economically underdeveloped areas, such as Jiangxi Province. The study aims to investigate the impact of maternal treatment during pregnancy on pregnancy outcomes in Jiangxi Province, China. Methods Data were obtained from the China’s Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of syphilis management in Jiangxi Province. All syphilis infected pregnant women who delivered at gestational age of 28 weeks or more and were registered in this system between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2019 were enrolled. Pregnancy outcomes were evaluated by group-specific analyses according to their treatment status, adequacy and initiation time. Results 4210 pregnant women with syphilis infection were included in the analyses. Infants born to untreated mothers were at significantly higher risk for stillbirth (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.74, 95% CI, 1.01-3.00, P = 0.045), preterm birth (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.02–1.59, P = 0.034) and low birth weight (LBW) (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11–1.86, P = 0.006) than those born to treated mothers after adjustment for confounding factors. Moreover, a significantly higher risk of stillbirth (aOR = 3.68; 95% CI, 1.62–8.34, P = 0.002), preterm birth (aOR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.71-3.00, P < 0.001), LBW (aOR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.59–3.14, P < 0.001) and congenital syphilis (CS) (aOR = 3.63; 95% CI, 1.80–7.31, P < 0.001) was found in infants exposed to mothers treated inadequately than those treated adequately. In addition, no pregnant women who initiated the treatment in the first trimester delivered a neonatal CS case. Compared with mothers who initiated treatment in the first trimester, those initiated in the third trimester suffered an increased risk of stillbirth (aOR = 4.48; 95% CI, 1.31–15.30, P = 0.017), preterm birth (aOR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.61–3.40, P < 0.001) and LBW (aOR = 3.25; 95% CI, 1.97–5.37, P < 0.001). Conclusions Maternal treatment, especially early and adequate treatment, plays a crucial role in mitigating adverse pregnancy outcomes among syphilis infected women.

Download Full-text

Retrospective analysis of burden of maternal syphilis and the outcome in the fetus in a tertiary care centre

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20181819 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 181

Author(s):

M. Manimegalai ◽

P. Elangovan ◽

V.A. Kayalvizhi ◽

D. Mithra Rangapriya

Keyword(s):

Congenital Syphilis ◽

Single Case ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Routine Screening ◽

Care Centre ◽

Perinatal Complications ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Maternal Syphilis ◽

Common Association ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Syphilis in pregnancy has its own significance with regards to the outcome of pregnancy. In the meanwhile, it also reflects the effectiveness of health system in the community.Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in a tertiary care centre in Chennai between January 2014 and July 2015 to determine the seroprevalence of syphilis in pregnant women. A total of 4423 ANC mother attending the hospital were included in the study.Results: Of the 4423 cases studied, 7 cases were found to be positive for RPR accounting to the prevalence of 0.15%. One mother was symptomatic, presenting with condyloma lata. TPHA was positive in 2 cases (28.5%) Most common association was with HIV infection, 2/7 (28.5%). All the RPR positive patients were treated with tablet erythromycin 500 mg qid × 14 days. Epidose for the partner was given. The outcome was uneventful except for one. A single case of congenital syphilis was reported.Conclusions: Though the prevalence of RPR positive in routine screening is less, the outcome of single congenital syphilis is worrisome. To conclude, although the prevalence of syphilis (0.1%) is low, routine screening of asymptomatic ante natal women is recommended to reduce the incidence of congenital syphilis & perinatal complications and it is always better to treat the ANC mothers with syphilis with Penicillin, preferably with a second dose also.

Download Full-text

Maternal syphilis treatment and pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective study in Jiangxi Province, China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33577/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhihua Wan ◽

Huan Zhang ◽

Haigang Xu ◽

Yang Hu ◽

Cai Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Birth ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Pregnancy Outcomes ◽

First Trimester ◽

Jiangxi Province ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Syphilis Treatment ◽

Maternal Syphilis ◽

The Impact

Abstract BackgroundStudies investigating the associations of maternal syphilis treatment with birth outcomes mainly concentrated in economically developed areas. Limited data are available in economically underdeveloped areas, such as Jiangxi Province. The study aims to investigate the impact of maternal treatment on birth outcomes in Jiangxi Province, China.MethodsData were obtained from the China’s Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission in Jiangxi Province. All syphilis infected pregnant women who delivered ≥28 gestational weeks and were registered in this system between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2019 were enrolled. Pregnancy outcomes were evaluated by group-specific analyses according to their treatment status, adequacy and initiation time.Results4210 syphilis infected pregnant women were included in the analyses. Infants born to untreated mothers (n = 1364) were at significantly higher risk for stillbirth (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.74, 95% CI, 1.01-3.00, P = 0.045), preterm birth (aOR = 1.27, 95% CI, 1.02-1.59, P = 0.034) and low birth weight (LBW) (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11-1.86, P = 0.006) than those born to treated mothers (n = 2846) after adjustment for confounding factors. A significantly higher risk of stillbirth (aOR = 3.68; 95% CI, 1.62-8.34, P = 0.002), preterm birth (aOR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.71-3.00, P < 0.001), LBW (aOR = 2.23; 95% CI, 1.59-3.14, P < 0.001) and congenital syphilis (CS) (aOR = 3.63; 95% CI, 1.80-7.31, P < 0.001) was found in infants exposed to mothers treated inadequately (n = 1299) than those treated adequately (n = 1547). No pregnant women who initiated the treatment in the first trimester (n = 682) delivered a neonatal CS case. Compared with mothers who initiated treatment in the first trimester (n = 682), those initiated in the third trimester (n = 1234) suffered an increased risk of stillbirth (aOR = 4.48; 95% CI, 1.31-15.30, P = 0.017), preterm birth (aOR = 2.34; 95% CI, 1.61-3.40, P < 0.001) and LBW (aOR = 3.25; 95% CI, 1.97-5.37, P < 0.001). ConclusionsMaternal treatment, especially early and adequate treatment, plays a crucial role in mitigating adverse pregnancy outcomes among syphilis infected women.

Download Full-text