scholarly journals Speech in the foreign accent syndrome: differential diagnosis between organic and functional cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-332
Author(s):  
Simone dos Santos Barreto ◽  
Karin Zazo Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Foreign Accent ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Speech Impairments ◽  
Foreign Accent Syndrome ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transient Events ◽  
Classic Form

ABSTRACT. Foreign accent syndrome (FAS) is an extremely rare disorder, with 112 cases described until 2019. We compare two cases of the foreign accent syndrome in native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese in its classic form (FAS) and psychiatric variant (FALS). Two cases were analyzed: (1) a right-handed, 69-year-old man, with a prior history of stroke, and (2) a right-handed, 43-year-old woman, diagnosed with schizophrenia. They were evaluate for language and speech, including the speech intelligibility. Both patients had speech impairments complaints, similar to a new accent, without previous exposure to a foreign language. However, the onset of the speech disorder was sudden in case 1 and insidious and with transient events in case 2, with speech intelligibility scores of 95.5 and 55.3% respectively. Besides neurologic impairment, the clinical presentation of FALS was extremely severe and differed to that expected in FAS cases, in which speech intelligibility is preserved.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION OF AXIOLOGICAL ATTITUDE TO NEIGHBOUR NATIONS (ON THE ETHNONYMY MATERIAL OF LANGUAGES OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURES)

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Татьяна Юрьевна Гурьянова ◽  
Кристина Валериевна Фадеева ◽  
Елена Анатольевна Ваганова
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Language Representation ◽  
History Of

В условиях динамичного развития поликультурного общества, а также ускорившейся глобализации и взаимопроникновения культур народов практическую значимость приобретают исследования страноведческой и лингвокультурной направленности. Фразеологизмы используются в речи всех слоев населения, они связаны с повседневными заботами людей. На формирование этнонимов повлияла история развития народов, их традиции, обычаи и культура. Таким образом, фразеологизмы с этнонимами отражают национальный менталитет, их изучение не теряет своей актуальности. В данной статье рассмотрены проблемы языковой репрезентации ценностного отношения к соседним народам, проанализированы особенности фразеологизмов русского, английского, французского, немецкого и чувашского языков. Практическим материалом исследования являются фразеологизмы и этнонимы, используемые носителями русского, английского, французского, немецкого и чувашского языков. Анализ отобранных фразеологизмов с национальным компонентом показал, что их коннотативная окраска различна. На ее формирование повлияли различные экономические, политические и культурные события. Приведены примеры, отражающие негативное восприятие соседних народов. Незначительная часть рассмотренных фразеологизмов имеет позитивный смысл. В статье рассматриваются причины формирования некоторых фразеологизмов с этнонимами на конкретных примерах. Подобное исследование может найти свое применение в теории межкультурной коммуникации, так как оно является необходимым для студентов, изучающих иностранные языки. In the context of the dynamic development of a multicultural society, the process of globalization, and the interpenetration of cultures of peoples, the research of cross-cultural and linguistic orientation becomes of practical importance. Phraseological units are used in the speech of all segments of the population, they are related to the daily concerns of people. The formation of ethnonyms was influenced by the history of peoples’ development, their traditions, customs and culture. Thus, phraseo-logical units with ethnonyms reflect the national mentality and their study is still relevant. The article describes the problems of language representation of attitudes towards neighboring nations, analyzed the peculiarities of Russian, English, French, German and Chuvash idioms with ethnonyms used by native speakers. The analysis demonstrated that the connotation of the idioms is different. Various economic, political and cultural factors influenced it. The article provides some examples of negative attitude to neighboring nations. Some of the analyzed idioms are characterized by positive connotation. This article also considers the reasons for the formation of some idioms with ethnonyms. The results of the study can be employed in the theory of intercultural communication, since it is essential for foreign language learners.

Factors associated with foreign language anxiety

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY J. ONWUEGBUZIE ◽  
PHILLIP BAILEY ◽  
CHRISTINE E. DALEY
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Foreign Language Learning ◽  
Language Anxiety ◽  
Foreign Language Anxiety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
History Of

Foreign language anxiety is a complex phenomenon that has been found to be a predictor of foreign language achievement. This study of 210 university students examined factors that predict1 foreign language anxiety. A setwise multiple regression analysis revealed that seven variables (i.e., age, academic achievement, prior history of visiting foreign countries, prior high school experience with foreign languages, expected overall average for current language course, perceived scholastic competence, and perceived self-worth) contributed significantly to the prediction of foreign language anxiety. An analysis of variance, which included trend analysis, revealed that freshmen and sophomores reported the lowest levels of foreign language anxiety, and that anxiety levels increased linearly as a function of year of study. The educational implications of these findings for understanding foreign language anxiety and for increasing foreign language learning are discussed, as are suggestions for future research.

scholarly journals A Foreign Speech Accent in a Case of Conversion Disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Verhoeven ◽  
Peter Mariën ◽  
Sebastiaan Engelborghs ◽  
Hugo D’Haenen ◽  
Peter De Deyn
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Conversion Disorder ◽  
Foreign Accent ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Foreign Accent Syndrome ◽  
Reference Corpus ◽  
Extensive Test

Objective: The aim of this paper is to report the psychiatric, neuroradiological and linguistic characteristics in a native speaker of Dutch who developed speech symptoms which strongly resemble Foreign Accent Syndrome. Background: Foreign Accent Syndrome is a rare speech production disorder in which the speech of a patient is perceived as foreign by speakers of the same speech community. This syndrome is generally related to focal brain damage. Only in few reported cases the Foreign Accent Syndrome is assumed to be of psychogenic and/or psychotic origin. Method: In addition to clinical and neuroradiological examinations, an extensive test battery of standardized neuropsychological and neurolinguistic investigations was carried out. Two samples of the patient's spontaneous speech were analysed and compared to a 500,000-words reference corpus of 160 normal native speakers of Dutch. Results: The patient had a prominent French accent in her pronunciation of Dutch. This accent had persisted over the past eight years and has become progressively stronger. The foreign qualities of her speech did not only relate to pronunciation, but also to the lexicon, syntax and pragmatics. Structural as well as functional neuroimaging did not reveal evidence that could account for the behavioural symptoms. By contrast psychological investigations indicated conversion disorder. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported case of a foreign accent like syndrome in conversion disorder.

scholarly journals The perception of native vs. non-native Danish speech: Bent and Bradlow’s matched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit revisited

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-296
Author(s):  
Paweł Korpal ◽  
◽  
Mikołaj Sobkowiak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Foreign Accent ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Accented Speech ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Language Pair

The main objective of the study was to test the applicability of Bent and Bradlow’s matched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit to the Danish-Polish language pair. We aimed to verify whether it was easier for Polish students of Danish to understand a Danish native speaker or a Polish speaker with a proficient command of Danish. Sixteen Polish students, divided into two groups of eight, listened to two recordings of two Danish texts: one recorded by a native speaker of Danish and the other one — by a native speaker of Polish who is a graduate of Danish philology from a Polish university. Before the experiment, all of the recordings were evaluated in terms of traces of foreign accent using a 7-point Likert scale, the experts being native speakers of Danish. The evaluators assessed the Polish native speaker’s pronunciation as proficient, but they identified certain segmental and suprasegmental features in his speech that are common indicators of a foreign accent in Danish. During the experiment, participants were asked to fill in each recording transcript with twenty missing words. The analysis of the results revealed that the participants scored higher when listening to the text recorded by the Polish speaker. Hence, the matched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit was observed in a study using Polish as L1 (native language) and Danish as a foreign language. The study may provide a valuable insight into the question of non-native speech perception, foreign-accented speech and the veracity of the matched interlanguage speech intelligibility benefit for the Polish–Danish language pair.

scholarly journals Latvian Grammar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra Kalnača ◽  
◽  
Ilze Lokmane
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Young People ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Reference Grammar ◽  
History Of ◽  
English Speaking

“Latvian Grammar” was written to make information about the Latvian language and its grammatical system more easily available not only within Latvia, but also beyond its borders. A modern grammar of Latvian written in English is as important for native speakers of Latvian as for those who have learned Latvian as a second language and also is of great value for anyone interested in the culture and history of Latvia or the Latvian language itself. The need for a reference grammar of Latvian written in English is especially important right now due to the existence of a large Latvian diaspora community abroad, particularly in English-speaking countries where children and young people are educated in the language of their home countries rather than in Latvian. A Latvian grammar written in English will also be useful for those who are learning Latvian as a foreign language and wish to learn more about its grammatical system and unique features. Likewise, “Latvian grammar” will be a useful reference and source for examples for teachers of Latvian – both those who teach it to speakers as a school or university subject and those who teach it as a foreign language. There is also considerable demand among linguists abroad for a systematic and dependable description of Latvian written by native speakers of Latvian. Latvian is a rather unique combination of ancient as well as relatively new features, which are of interest to researchers abroad and are important for the typological, cognitive, pragmatic, functional, and contrastive analysis of language.

BOUT SOME ASPECTS OF FORMING THE SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPETENCY OF TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AT THE LESSONS OF ENGLISH

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Крячко ◽  
О.И. Рыжков
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
University Students ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Special Case

Постановка задачи. Современный этап обучение иностранному языку в техническом университете основывается на компетентностном подходе. Немаловажную роль в языковой подготовке будущих специалистов играет формирование социолингвистической компетенции обучающихся, которую в отечественной методике принято включать в состав социокультурной компетенции. Формирование социолингвистической компетенции студентов в процессе занятий по английскому языку имеет свои особенности и связано с ознакомлением обучающихся с культурой и историей стран изучаемого языка, правилами и нормами речевого поведения языковых носителей, явлениями территориально и социально обусловленной языковой вариативности. Результаты. Проведенное исследование дает основание утверждать, что типичные ошибки и трудности студентов, возникающие в процессе иноязычной коммуникации и связанные с выбором социально и территориально обусловленных фонетических и лексических вариантов, свидетельствуют о недостаточной сформированности у обучающихся социолингвистической компетенции. Выводы. Направленность внимания преподавателя на формирование данной компетенции в учебном процессе, объяснение студентам природы явления языковой вариативности, анализ причин неоднозначности номинации в каждом конкретном случае позволяют обучающимся успешно преодолевать проблемы выбора языкового варианта в процессе коммуникации, становиться более уверенными пользователями английского языка. Statement of the problem. At present, the teaching of a foreign language at a technical university rests on a competency-based approach. An important role in the linguistic education of the future specialists plays the formation of the students’ sociolinguistic competency, which is traditionally included in the structure of the sociocultural competency according to the national methodology.The formation of the sociolinguistic competency of the technical university students at the lessons of English has its distinctive features and is associated with introducing them to the culture and history of the country of the studied language, working with authentic professionally oriented materials, studying the norms of the native speakers’ communication behavior, the phenomena of territorially and socially determined linguistic variability. Results. The research that has been carried out gives reason to argue that the students’ typical mistakes and difficulties associated with the choice of the geographically determined phonetic variants and the geographically and socially determined lexical variants in the process of communication indicate that the sociolinguistic competency of the students is formed insufficiently. Conclusion. The focus of the teacher’s attention on the formation of the sociolinguistic competency in the educational process, explaining to the students the nature of the language variation phenomena, analyzing the reasons for the ambiguity of the nomination in each special case help the students to successfully overcome the problems of choosing a language variant in the communication process, and to become more confident users of English.

High Risk of One-year Stroke Recurrence in Patients with Younger Age and Prior History of Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiann-Der Lee ◽  
Ya-Han Hu ◽  
Meng Lee ◽  
Yen-Chu Huang ◽  
Ya-Wen Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Stroke Recurrence ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cart Analysis ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year

Background and Purpose: Recurrent ischemic strokes increase the risk of disability and mortality. The role of conventional risk factors in recurrent strokes may change due to increased awareness of prevention strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the potential risk factors besides conventional ones which may help to affect the advances in future preventive concepts associated with one-year stroke recurrence (OSR). Methods: We analyzed 6,632 adult patients with ischemic stroke. Differences in clinical characteristics between patients with and without OSR were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) analyses. Results: Among the study population, 525 patients (7.9%) had OSR. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that male sex (OR 1.243, 95% CI 1.025 – 1.506), age (OR 1.015, 95% CI 1.007 - 1.023), and a prior history of ischemic stroke (OR 1.331, 95% CI 1.096 – 1.615) were major factors associated with OSR. CART analysis further identified age and a prior history of ischemic stroke were important factors for OSR when classified the patients into three subgroups (with risks of OSR of 8.8%, 3.8%, and 12.5% for patients aged > 57.5 years, ≤ 57.5 years/with no prior history of ischemic stroke, and ≤ 57.5 years/with a prior history of ischemic stroke, respectively). Conclusions: Male sex, age, and a prior history of ischemic stroke could increase the risk of OSR by multivariate logistic regression analysis, and CART analysis further demonstrated that patients with a younger age (≤ 57.5 years) and a prior history of ischemic stroke had the highest risk of OSR.

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