scholarly journals Active lifestyle enhances protein expression profile in subjects with Lewy body pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Caroline Cristiano Real ◽  
Cláudia Kimie Suemoto ◽  
Karina Henrique Binda ◽  
Lea Tenenholz Grinberg ◽  
Carlos Augusto Pasqualucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Lewy Body Pathology ◽  
Postmortem Brain Tissue

ABSTRACT. Clinical trials of the effects of physical activity have reported improvements in symptoms and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Additionally, morphological brain changes after exercising were reported in PD animal models. However, these lifestyle-related changes were not evaluated in postmortem brain tissue. Objective: We aimed to evaluate, by immunohistochemistry, astrocytes, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and structural proteins expression (neurofilaments and microtubules — MAP2) changes in postmortem brain samples of individuals with Lewy body pathology. Methods: Braak PD stage≥III samples, classified by neuropathology analysis, from The Biobank for Aging Studies were classified into active (n=12) and non-active (n=12) groups, according to physical activity lifestyle, and paired by age, sex and Braak staging. Substantia nigra and basal ganglia were evaluated. Results: Groups were not different in terms of age or gender and had similar PD neuropathological burden (p=1.00). We observed higher TH expression in the active group in the substantia nigra and the basal ganglia (p=0.04). Astrocytes was greater in the non-active subjects in the midbrain (p=0.03) and basal ganglia (p=0.0004). MAP2 levels were higher for non-active participants in the basal ganglia (p=0.003) and similar between groups in the substantia nigra (p=0.46). Neurofilament levels for non-active participants were higher in the substantia nigra (p=0.006) but not in the basal ganglia (p=0.24). Conclusion: Active lifestyle seems to promote positive effects on brain by maintaining dopamine synthesis and structural protein expression in the nigrostriatal system and decrease astrogliosis in subjects with the same PD neuropathology burden.

Exploration on the Malaysian adolescents’ understanding towards concepts of physical activity, perceived facilitators and barriers in practising an active lifestyle

2020 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 3151-3164
Author(s):  
Sharifah Intan Zainun Sharif Ishak ◽  
Yit Siew Chin ◽  
Mohd Nasir Mohd Taib ◽  
Zalilah Mohd Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Security Issue ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers ◽  
Malaysian Adolescents

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the understanding of Malaysian adolescents towards concept of physical activity (PA) and their perceived facilitators and barriers in practising an active lifestyle.Design/methodology/approachUsing a quota sampling method, a total of 12 focus group discussions (FGDs) were performed at two secondary schools, which were randomly selected in Selangor. This study involved 72 adolescents (males = 51.4%, females = 48.6%) aged 13–14 years. Based on ethnicity, there was an equal number of Malay, Chinese and Indian participants (n = 24, 33.3%). For analysing the outcome from the FGDs, thematic analysis was applied.FindingsThe adolescents perceived exercise and PA as structured games. They perceived that exercise could have positive effects on the body, appearance and health, and PA as a daily routine. Common differences between exercise and PA were based on frequency, intensity, energy and venue. Perceived facilitators in practising an active lifestyle include concern about body or health, have companions, familial or peer influence, availability of facilities in the neighbourhood and have scheduled time for exercise. Time constraint, no motivation, physically unwell or tired, no companion, security issue at playground or exercise facilities or venue, and weather were mentioned as barriers in practising an active lifestyle.Originality/valueThis study contributed to an improved understanding of the adolescents’ concept of PA, as well as their perceived facilitators and barriers in practising an active lifestyle. The study suggested that health intervention should embrace a way of promoting the immediate advantages of practicing an active lifestyle in order to reinforce the importance of an active lifestyle among adolescents. Furthermore, future intervention should emphasise on educating the adolescents on ways to cope with environmental barriers when practicing an active lifestyle.

scholarly journals THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF ADULTS LIVING IN SOUTH-EASTERN POLAND

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Majewska ◽  
Gabriela Kołodziej-Lackorzyńska ◽  
Barbara Cyran-Grzebyk ◽  
Krzysztof Kołodziej ◽  
Robert Czaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Reduced Risk

Regular physical activity is associated with enhanced health and reduced risk of all-cause mortality. Despite the positive effects of physical activity on health, life has become more sedentary and the decrease in PA has affected people of all ages. The aim of our study was to assess the level of physical activity and related sociodemographic factors of adults aged 18 to 45. Our results showed statistically significant relationships in the majority of the variables examined. Physical activity is undertaken by people of all ages, both residents of cities and rural areas. Among the surveyed inhabitants of the Podkarpackie Province, men much more often than women declare regular willingness to physical activity. The conducted own research shows that 40.90% of the studied group lead an active lifestyle, 31.06% not very active. An important issue is the use of stimulants during physical activity. The problem of using more serious stimulants, i.e. psychoactive substances in my own research, this hypothesis was not confirmed. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0774/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Chronic Alcoholism and HHV-6 Infection Synergistically Promote Neuroinflammatory Microglial Phenotypes in the Substantia Nigra of the Adult Human Brain

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1216
Author(s):  
Nityanand Jain ◽  
Marks Smirnovs ◽  
Samanta Strojeva ◽  
Modra Murovska ◽  
Sandra Skuja
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Chronic Alcoholism ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Cd11b Expression ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Postmortem Brain Tissue

Both chronic alcoholism and human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) infection have been identified as promoters of neuroinflammation and known to cause movement-related disorders. Substantia Nigra (SN), the dopaminergic neuron-rich region of the basal ganglia, is involved in regulating motor function and the reward system. Hence, we hypothesize the presence of possible synergism between alcoholism and HHV-6 infection in the SN region and report a comprehensive quantification and characterization of microglial functions and morphology in postmortem brain tissue from 44 healthy, age-matched alcoholics and chronic alcoholics. A decrease in the perivascular CD68+ microglia in alcoholics was noted in both the gray and white matter. Additionally, the CD68+/Iba1− microglial subpopulation was found to be the dominant type in the controls. Conversely, in alcoholics, dystrophic changes in microglia were seen with a significant increase in Iba1 expression and perivascular to diffuse migration. An increase in CD11b expression was noted in alcoholics, with the Iba1+/CD11b− subtype promoting inflammation. All the controls were found to be negative for HHV-6 whilst the alcoholics demonstrated HHV-6 positivity in both gray and white matter. Amongst HHV-6 positive alcoholics, all the above-mentioned changes were found to be heightened when compared with HHV-6 negative alcoholics, thereby highlighting the compounding relationship between alcoholism and HHV-6 infection that promotes microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.

scholarly journals Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2C (SV2C) modulates dopamine release and is disrupted in Parkinson disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. E2253-E2262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Dunn ◽  
Kristen A. Stout ◽  
Minagi Ozawa ◽  
Kelly M. Lohr ◽  
Carlie A. Hoffman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Synaptic Vesicle ◽  
Dopamine Release ◽  
Genetic Modifier ◽  
Dorsal Striatum ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
Postmortem Brain Tissue

Members of the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) family of proteins are involved in synaptic function throughout the brain. The ubiquitously expressed SV2A has been widely implicated in epilepsy, although SV2C with its restricted basal ganglia distribution is poorly characterized. SV2C is emerging as a potentially relevant protein in Parkinson disease (PD), because it is a genetic modifier of sensitivity to l-DOPA and of nicotine neuroprotection in PD. Here we identify SV2C as a mediator of dopamine homeostasis and report that disrupted expression of SV2C within the basal ganglia is a pathological feature of PD. Genetic deletion of SV2C leads to reduced dopamine release in the dorsal striatum as measured by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, reduced striatal dopamine content, disrupted α-synuclein expression, deficits in motor function, and alterations in neurochemical effects of nicotine. Furthermore, SV2C expression is dramatically altered in postmortem brain tissue from PD cases but not in Alzheimer disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, or multiple system atrophy. This disruption was paralleled in mice overexpressing mutated α-synuclein. These data establish SV2C as a mediator of dopamine neuron function and suggest that SV2C disruption is a unique feature of PD that likely contributes to dopaminergic dysfunction.

scholarly journals TPP2 mutation associated with sterile brain inflammation mimicking MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Reinthaler ◽  
Elisabeth Graf ◽  
Tobias Zrzavy ◽  
Thomas Wieland ◽  
Christoph Hotzy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Missense Variant ◽  
Homozygosity Mapping ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Postmortem Brain Tissue ◽  
Tripeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Tripeptidyl Peptidase Ii

ObjectiveTo ascertain the genetic cause of a consanguineous family from Syria suffering from a sterile brain inflammation mimicking a mild nonprogressive form of MS.MethodsWe used homozygosity mapping and next-generation sequencing to detect the disease-causing gene in the affected siblings. In addition, we performed RNA and protein expression studies, enzymatic activity assays, immunohistochemistry, and targeted sequencing of further MS cases from Austria, Germany, Canada and Jordan.ResultsIn this study, we describe the identification of a homozygous missense mutation (c.82T>G, p.Cys28Gly) in the tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPP2) gene in all 3 affected siblings of the family. Sequencing of all TPP2-coding exons in 826 MS cases identified one further homozygous missense variant (c.2027C>T, p.Thr676Ile) in a Jordanian MS patient. TPP2 protein expression in whole blood was reduced in the affected siblings. In contrast, TPP2 protein expression in postmortem brain tissue from MS patients without TPP2 mutations was highly upregulated.ConclusionsThe homozygous TPP2 mutation (p.Cys28Gly) is likely responsible for the inflammation phenotype in this family. TPP2 is an ubiquitously expressed serine peptidase that removes tripeptides from the N-terminal end of longer peptides. TPP2 is involved in various biological processes including the destruction of major histocompatibility complex Class I epitopes. Recessive loss-of-function mutations in TPP2 were described in patients with Evans syndrome, a rare autoimmune disease affecting the hematopoietic system. Based on the gene expression results in our MS autopsy brain samples, we further suggest that TPP2 may play a broader role in the inflammatory process in MS.

Lysosomal enzyme activities in postmortem brain tissue of patients with Lewy body diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. e116
Author(s):  
Tim Moors ◽  
Silvia Paciotti ◽  
Angela Ingrassia ◽  
Davide Chiasserini ◽  
Paolo Eusebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Lewy Body ◽  
Postmortem Brain ◽  
Postmortem Brain Tissue ◽  
Lewy Body Diseases

scholarly journals Motivational Determinants of Objective Physical Activity in Women with Fibromyalgia Who Attended Rehabilitation Settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5547
Author(s):  
María-Ángeles Pastor-Mira ◽  
Sofía López-Roig ◽  
Fermín Martínez-Zaragoza ◽  
Eva Toribio ◽  
Ainara Nardi-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Activity Avoidance

Being physically active has positive effects on fibromyalgia functioning. However, promoting an active lifestyle in these patients continues to be a relevant clinical challenge. Our aim was to test a motivational model to explain light (LPA) and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted at a tertiary level of care. Participants completed sociodemographic, clinical, motivational (physical activity self-efficacy and goal preferences) and behavioral measures (activity avoidance). LPA and MVPA were measured with triaxial accelerometers, starting the same day of the aforementioned assessment. Out of 211 women, 183 completed this measure. Structural models were performed. Our results show that the best fit indices (CFI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.04) showed a model with direct influence of PA self-efficacy on MVPA (p < 0.01) and indirect influence on LPA (p < 0.001). LPA received the influence of PA self-efficacy mainly through activity avoidance (p < 0.01). Clinical variables did not have any effect on PA intensities. Thus, the motivational variables showed different paths to explain two PA intensities. Targeting PA self-efficacy in rehabilitation settings is needed to enhance both daily LPA and MVPA intensities.

The Evolution of Physical Activity on Prescription (FaR) in Sweden

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Surgeon General ◽  
Positive Effects

In 1996, the first Report of the US Surgeon General on Physical Activity and Health provided an extensive knowledge overview about the positive effects of physical activity (PA) on several health outcomes and PA recommendations. This contributed to an enhanced interest for PA in Sweden. The Swedish Professional Associations for Physical Activity (YFA) were appointed to form a Scientific Expert Group in the project “Sweden on the Move” and YFA created the idea of Physical Activity on Prescription (FaR) and the production of a handbook (FYSS) for healthcare professionals. In Swedish primary care, licensed healthcare professionals, i.e. physicians, physiotherapists and nurses, can prescribe PA if they have sufficient knowledge about the patient’s current state of health, how PA can be used for promotion, prevention and treatment and are trained in patient-centred counselling and the FaR method. The prescription is followed individually or by visiting local FaR providers. These include sport associations, patient organisations, municipal facilities, commercial providers such as gyms, sports clubs and walking clubs or other organisations with FaR educated staff such as health promoters or personal trainers. In clinical practice, the FaR method increases the level of PA in primary care patients, at 6 and at 12 months. Self-reported adherence to the prescription was 65% at 6 months, similar to the known compliance for medications. In a randomised controlled trial, FaR significantly improved body composition and reduced metabolic risk factors. It is suggested that a successful implementation of PA in healthcare depends on a combination of a systems approach (socio-ecological model) and the strengthening of individual motivation and capability. General support from policymakers, healthcare leadership and professional associations is important. To lower barriers, tools for implementation and structures for delivery must be readily available. Examples include handbooks such as FYSS, the FaR system and the use of pedometers.

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