scholarly journals Prevalence of empathy, anxiety and depression, and their association with each other and with sex and intended specialty in medical students

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Brunfentrinker ◽  
Regina Pinho Gomig ◽  
Suely Grosseman
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Abstract: Introduction: Empathy and mental health are crucial for medical students’ self-care and performance as well as for patient care. Objective: to assess the prevalence of empathy, anxiety and depression, and their association with each other and sex, intended specialty and course semester. Method: Cross-sectional study with 405 of 543 students (74.6%) from odd semesters and from the 12th semester of the medical course of two universities in southern Brazil. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire containing information on age, sex, medical course semester, intended specialty, Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) and Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories (BAI and BDI). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student’s t-tests, Chi-square, and bidirectional ANOVA between groups. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean JSE score was 120.2 (SD = 10.6) [116.9 (SD = 11.0) in men and 123.4 (SD = 9.2) in women, p = 0.000], being higher among students who wanted to follow medical areas aimed at people [123.1 (SD = 10.1)], than among those whose intended areas aimed at techniques and procedures [118.5 (SD = 11.2)], p = .003. There was no difference between the course periods. The anxiety and depression mean rates were, respectively, 16.2 (SD = 11.3) and 11.9 (SD = 9.0) [13.1 (SD = 10.3) and 9.9 (SD = 8.3) in men and 19.1 (SD = 11.4), and 13.8 (SD = 9.4) in women, p = .000 for both]. The prevalence rate of moderate and high anxiety was 33.8% and, when including mild anxiety, it was 59%. The prevalence rate of dysphoria (BDI = 16 - 20) and depression (BDI > 20) was 26.4%, and 11.9% for suicidal ideation. An association was observed between severe anxiety and the JSE subscale ‘Walking in patient’s shoes’, more related to empathic stress. Conclusions: Empathy is high and stable throughout the medical course at the studied institutions and higher in women and students who want to follow people-oriented specialties. Anxiety and depression have higher prevalence rates in women. Severe anxiety is associated with the JSE subscale ‘Walking in patient’s shoes’.

scholarly journals Prevalência de empatia, ansiedade e depressão, e sua associação entre si e com gênero e especialidade almejada em estudantes de medicina

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Brunfentrinker ◽  
Regina Pinho Gomig ◽  
Suely Grosseman
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Abstract: Introduction: Empathy and mental health are crucial for medical students’ self-care and performance as well as for patient care. Objective: to assess the prevalence of empathy, anxiety and depression, and their association with each other and sex, intended specialty and course semester. Method: Cross-sectional study with 405 of 543 students (74.6%) from odd semesters and from the 12th semester of the medical course of two universities in southern Brazil. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire containing information on age, sex, medical course semester, intended specialty, Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) and Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories (BAI and BDI). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Student’s t-tests, Chi-square, and bidirectional ANOVA between groups. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean JSE score was 120.2 (SD = 10.6) [116.9 (SD = 11.0) in men and 123.4 (SD = 9.2) in women, p = 0.000], being higher among students who wanted to follow medical areas aimed at people [123.1 (SD = 10.1)], than among those whose intended areas aimed at techniques and procedures [118.5 (SD = 11.2)], p = .003. There was no difference between the course periods. The anxiety and depression mean rates were, respectively, 16.2 (SD = 11.3) and 11.9 (SD = 9.0) [13.1 (SD = 10.3) and 9.9 (SD = 8.3) in men and 19.1 (SD = 11.4), and 13.8 (SD = 9.4) in women, p = .000 for both]. The prevalence rate of moderate and high anxiety was 33.8% and, when including mild anxiety, it was 59%. The prevalence rate of dysphoria (BDI = 16 - 20) and depression (BDI > 20) was 26.4%, and 11.9% for suicidal ideation. An association was observed between severe anxiety and the JSE subscale ‘Walking in patient’s shoes’, more related to empathic stress. Conclusions: Empathy is high and stable throughout the medical course at the studied institutions and higher in women and students who want to follow people-oriented specialties. Anxiety and depression have higher prevalence rates in women. Severe anxiety is associated with the JSE subscale ‘Walking in patient’s shoes’.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Knowledge, Attitude, and Performance of Students from the Ilam University of Medical Sciences Regarding the Use of Stimulants

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Shohani ◽  
Maryam Chegeni ◽  
Abbas Nasrollahi ◽  
Leili Abedi Gheshlaghi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Behavior

Background: University students' attitude and desire to use stimulants and hallucinogens are mainly aroused as a result of their ignorance or lack of knowledge. Objectives: The present study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and performance of medical students in Ilam regarding the use of stimulants. Methods: This cross-sectional study encompassed 451 students from the Ilam University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The demographic information questionnaire, Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire (ASQ), and Questionnaire of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior were used to collect the required data. Moreover, there were reports of mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables and frequency and percentage for qualitative variables. Chi-square, ANOVA, and independent-samples t-tests were used to examine the relationship among the research variables. Results: A majority of students were undergraduates (> 60%), and about 33% of the participants were medical students. About 8% of the participants reported the lifetime use of stimulants. Moreover, 40% of students had insufficient knowledge, and the participants’ mean score of attitude was 16. There was a significant relationship between students' knowledge with their age, marital status, faculty, and level of education. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the participants’ performance with age, level of education, and faculty. A significant relationship was also detected between the students’ attitude with their faculty and level of education. Conclusions: The medical students’ knowledge level was not satisfactory. Accordingly, training sessions and counseling programs are recommended to increase their knowledge and improve their attitudes.

scholarly journals Prevalence and purposes of gadget use among medical students

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Vasant Ramraoji Lunge ◽  
P. R. Kokiwar
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Student’S T

Background: The prevalence of gadgets is increasing among the medical students and this is the matter to worry as they use it for other purposes than the science. Data need to focus on how many proportion of medical students use the gadgets and for what they use it. The objective was to study the prevalence and purposes of gadget use among medical students.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study was carried out in among 306 medical students. This study was based on self-administered questionnaires. The whole batch of students was contacted on a particular day for data collection. Study questionnaires were distributed to them. In between, the doubts regarding any questions were clarified. The questionnaires were taken back after a half hour. An attempt was made to see that all the questions were completely responded to. The data was analyzed using proportions and mean values. Statistical tests like Chi-Square test, and Student’s T-test was used.Results: Majority of people using gadgets were female (71%). More than half of users were in the age group of 21-23 years. Smartphone was the most commonly used gadget. About 2/5th of the students used gadgets for about 1-3 hours. More than half of the students used gadgets in the sitting position. The vast majority of students used gadgets at chest level.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that use of gadgets takes a prevalent part in the daily lives of medical students.

scholarly journals Moderate and severe symptoms of anxiety and depression are increased among female medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e34610615406
Author(s):  
Carlos Izaias Sartorão Filho ◽  
Wilson Conte de Las Villas Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Beauchamp de Castro ◽  
Arlete Aparecida Marçal ◽  
Shirlene Pavelqueires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Background: Emotional disorders in medical students are expected and deserve more attention, especially during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Objective: Evaluate anxiety and depression disorders among medical students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Methods:  A cross-sectional study at a private medical college in Brazil, two months after stay-at-home order and postponed classes due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. A survey among medical students was conducted in May 2020, using questionnaires regarding social and demographic status, the GAD-7 for symptoms of anxiety, and the PHQ-9 for symptoms of depression. Results: A total of 340 of 347 (97.98%) medical students participated. The average GAD-7 score was 9.18 (±4.75), and the average PHQ-9 score was 12.72 (±6.62). The results indicate a significant positive relationship between GAD-7 and females (F=5.816 P=.016). Using a cut-off score of 10 for GAD-7, 157 (46.17%) students were identified with moderate or severe anxiety symptoms. For the PHQ-9 score, using a cut-off of 10 219 (64.41%), students were recognized with moderate or severe symptoms of depression; the results indicate a significant positive relationship between the PHQ-9 and females (F=5.640 P=.018). Conclusion: The analysis demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of moderate and severe anxiety    and depression symptoms among female medical students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

scholarly journals Smartphone Usage and Pattern on Self-reported Symptoms Among Medical Students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia During the COVID-19 Lockdown

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puteri Sofia Nadira Megat Kamaruddin ◽  
Azmawati Mohammed Nawi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire ◽  
Student’S T Test ◽  
Main Factor

Abstract Background Smartphone ubiquitous has become profound especially during 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) lockdown period. It is worth considering the influence on users’ health symptoms, which extend beyond the realm of communication. Prior research suggests smartphone’s usage and pattern correlated with self-reported symptoms from different countries. Hence, this research aimed to evaluate the smartphone usage and pattern, also its association on self-reported symptoms among medical students in Malaysia, which occurred during COVID-19 lockdown implementation. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, with 252 medical students enrolled in the study at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) using proportionate stratified random sampling. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic characteristics, smartphone usage and pattern also self-reported symptoms were derived from the self-administered questionnaire. Student’s t-test, Pearson’s Chi Square and Pearson’s correlation were used to determine the association of factors (sociodemographic, socioeconomic status and academic performance) on smartphone usage and pattern. Simple and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) were performed to seek the main factor contributing to the association of smartphone usage and pattern on self-reported symptoms. Results Smartphone usage SAS-M score was 101.43 (25.15). Smartphone pattern revealed an average of 7 years owning a smartphone, make or receive calls about 32 minutes per day and spend around 4 hours per day other than calls, and the participants equally use their smartphone for entertainment (50%) and non-entertainment (50%) purposes. They have about one extra device besides their smartphone and usually would first use their smartphone within 15 minutes after wake-up in the morning. Employed father status (Adj. ß = 7.431, 95% CI: 3.069, 11.793) and entertainment (Adj. ß = 4.211, 95% CI: 0.460, 7.962) as most personally relevant smartphone function are the significant main predictors for self-reported symptoms after controlling other factors. Conclusions These results suggest that father’s occupation and entertainment function of smartphone pattern affect self-reported symptoms among medical students in the setting of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Parents’ active participation is crucial from early childhood education on proper ways to utilise smartphones, also having support system on seeking various ways of entertainment. Public campaigns promoting awareness on proper way of utilising smartphone to avoid the tendency of smartphone addiction are essential.

Perceptions of Final Year Medical Students about Family Medicine as A Career Choice in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dur-e- Nishat
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Family medicine is a field in which complete and detailed set of healthcare services are provided to the patients and their families. In developed countries, freshly graduated students choose family medicine as a priority for their career. However, in Pakistan it is not the case. The present study is undertaken to determine the perceptions of final year medical students’ about Family Medicine as a viable career. Methods: A total number of 504 students participated in the study. This was a cross-sectional study. The study participants were in their final year of medical college. Data was collected using a preapproved questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed via SPSS version 17 and Chi-Square test was used post-stratification. Results: Only 14.3% (n=72) medical students had heard about Family Medicine. Only 18% (n=92) would select family medicine as a profession. The most frequent rationale for choosing the field of Family Medicine was the variety of patients seen in general practice (55.4% n=51). Conclusion: There is a dire need to focus on increasing awareness about the field of family medicine among medical students. The students should be counseled on the advantages along with the disadvantages of choosing this field as a medical profession.

scholarly journals HANDLING DISTRUST ON RISK COMMUNICATION IN NIGERIA: A STRATEGY TO STRENGTHENING THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK RESPONSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi ◽  
Priscilla Onaopemipo Akosile ◽  
Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi ◽  
Victor Okoliko Ukwenya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background This study aimed to assess the level of trust in the COVID-19 risk communication efforts in Nigeria. Methods We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study among community members aged 15 years and above in Ondo state in October, 2020. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics were summarized using frequencies. Trust was ranked from “1” implying “Low level of trust” to “7” denoting “High level of trust”. We conducted bivariate Chi-square test on respondents’ level of trust in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and socio-demographic characteristics. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Results Among the 691 respondents, 244 (35.3%) were aged 21 to 29 years, and 304 (51.4%) used the NCDC to obtain COVID-19 knowledge. Overall, 205 (41.8%) had high level of trust in the NCDC. Furthermore, 51 (51.5%) individuals aged 30-39 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2=17.455, p= 0.001). Also, 114 (48.5%) persons who lived with children below 18 years had high level of trust in the NCDC (ᵡ2= 8.266, p= 0.004). Conclusion Policy makers should prioritize the involvement of young and educated persons in COVID-19 risk communication strategies.

A cross sectional study: The association between sleeping quality and stress among second and third medical students at the University of Jordan

2021 ◽  
pp. 009121742110112
Author(s):  
AA Toubasi ◽  
BR Khraisat ◽  
RB AbuAnzeh ◽  
HM Kalbouneh
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
University Of Jordan ◽  
The University

Objective Medicine is considered one if not the most stressful educational field. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of stress and poor sleeping quality among medical students and the association between them. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Jordan on second- and third-year medical students. The questionnaire consisted of: 1) Demographics; 2) The assessment tools which were Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Index (PSQI) and Kessler Psychological Distress Status (K10). Binary logistic regression, chi-square and linear regression were used to investigate the association between PSQI, K10, and their determinants. Results The mean for PSQI score was 6.76 ± 3.32. PSQI scores interpretation revealed that 61.7% of the 282 participants of this study were poor sleepers. Logistic regression results showed that only the category of not napping at all from the napping hours variable was significantly associated with sleeping quality. Furthermore, the mean of K10 scores was 24.5 ± 8.5. K10 scores revealed that 66.3% of the participants were stressed. Logistic regression results showed that gender and regular exercise were significantly associated with psychological distress. Additionally, chi-square test, logistic regression and linear regression showed that PSQI was significantly associated with K10 (P <0.01). Conclusions Stress and poor sleeping quality in medical students at the University of Jordan were highly prevalent and strongly associated. What determined PSQI was daytime napping, and for K10 were regular exercise and gender. Further investigations into stress and sleep quality in the Arabian region are needed.

scholarly journals Oral Hygiene Practice And Perceived Oral Malodour Among Dental And Medical Undergraduate Students Of Bahria University Medical And Dental College

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Beenish Fatima Alam ◽  
Hira Raza ◽  
Shizma junejo ◽  
Marium Azfar ◽  
Tuba Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medical Undergraduate Students

Objective: To determine the differences of self-perception of halitosis and oral hygiene practices among the medical and dental undergraduate students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted over duration of 9 months amongst the medical and dental undergraduate students of Bahria University Medical and Dental College. The questionnaires were distributed to 298 students. Questionnaire employed for this study was adopted and modified from the study conducted by Khalid Almas et al. Descriptive statistics were checked by means of percentages and frequency for all variables. Chi-square test was applied to check significant difference among the responses given by the medical and dental undergraduate students. Results: The response rate for the survey was about 85%. 55% of dental and 17 % of medical students were able to smell their breath. About having examination by dentist about 73% of medical students agreed as compared to 53% of dental students. Both medical and dental students preferred having examination done by the dentist. For management of halitosis, dentist was preferred by 62% of the dental students, while 97% of the medical students did not agree. 62% of the dental students preferred using traditional medications, while 82% of the medical students preferred using self-medications for treatment. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is not a high level of agreement among dental and medical students concerning the detection and management of halitosis. Although large percent of the respondents claimed to be aware of dentistry, our findings revealed low level of knowledge and attitude to Dentistry by the medical undergraduate students. Efforts should be made towards closing this knowledge gap to attain effective oral health.

scholarly journals Spirometric evaluation of pulmonary function in Yazd’s dental laboratory workers in 1398

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hatami ◽  
AH Mehrpaevar ◽  
A Kouchak zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Staff ◽  
Laboratory Workers ◽  
Student’S T

Introduction: Spirometry is used as a screening method for occupational lung diseases. Dental laboratory workers are exposed to solvent vapors, toxic gases, and dust from metal alloys, acrylics, and gypsum. This study aimed to investigate the spirometric function of lung function in dental staff in Yazd. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 37 technicians of dental laboratories in Yazd in the three months of spring 2017. To evaluate respiratory problems and their pulmonary function, standard respiratory and spirometry questionnaires according to ATS / ESR guidelines were used, respectively. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 18 using Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, and Student's T-test. Results: Mean age of participants was 35.59±1.13. 54% of participants had no respiratory symptoms. The most common respiratory complain were dry and exudative cough. The work field was the only influential factor in FVC%. Age and work experience, and exercise no significant effect on respiratory parameters. Overall spirometry parameters were in the normal pattern range, and only 5% of participants showed a mild restrictive pattern. Conclusion: Spirometric pulmonary function of Yazd'dental laboratory technicians was in the normal range, and possibly working in the dental laboratory did not have a significant effect on the pulmonary Function of technicians based on spirometric indices.

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