Efficacy of eugenol and the methanolic extract of Condalia buxifolia during the transport of the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen

This study evaluated extracts of Condalia buxifolia as anesthetics for the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. The effectiveness of eugenol and of the methanolic extract (ME) of C. buxifolia during the transport of this species was also assessed. Fish of two different weights (1.50±0.02 g and 165.70±22.50 g) were transferred to aquaria containing water with the C. buxifolia ME or with fractions obtained from the ME, such as the n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butane and aqueous fractions, at concentrations from 0-300 °L L-1. The C. buxifolia ME in the 0.5-120 °L L-1range caused only light sedation, and the fractions did not have an effect on the fish. In the second experiment, another group of fish was transported for 12 h in 15 plastic bags. The fish were divided into five groups: control, 1 or 2.5 °L L-1 eugenol and 25 or 50 °L L-1C. buxifolia ME. The non-ionized ammonia levels were lower at the end of transport in the groups with the compounds than in that with water alone. Moreover, both compounds decreased the Na+, Cl-, and K+ net effluxes; therefore, their addition to the water during transport is advisable because they reduce fish mortality and ion loss.

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Net ion fluxes and ammonia excretion during transport of Rhamdia quelen juveniles

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20141420 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (10) ◽

pp. 1854-1858 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Luciano de Oliveira Garcia ◽

Leonardo José Gil Barcellos ◽

Bernardo Baldisserotto

Keyword(s):

Positive Relationship ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Ammonia Excretion ◽

Ion Fluxes ◽

Water Parameters ◽

Significant Positive Relationship ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Ammonia Accumulation ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Rhamdia Quelen

The objective of this study was to verify net ion fluxes and ammonia excretion in silver catfish transported in plastic bags at three different loading densities: 221, 286 and 365g L-1 for 5h. A water sample was collected at the beginning and at the end of the transport for analysis of water parameters. There was a significant positive relationship between net ion effluxes and negative relationship between ammonia excretion and loading density, demonstrated by the following equations: Na+: y-24.5-0.27x, r2=0.99, Cl-: y=40.2-0.61x, r2=0.98, K+: y=8.0-27.6x, r2=0.94; ammonia excretion: y=-11.43+0.017x, r2=0.95, where y: net ion flux (mmol kg-1 h-1) or ammonia excretion (mg kg-1 h-1) and x: loading density (g). Therefore, the increase of loading density increases net ion loss, but reduces ammonia excretion during the transport of silver catfish, indicating the possibility of ammonia accumulation

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Methanolic extract of Condalia buxifolia added to transport water alters biochemical parameters of the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.11.022 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 437 ◽

pp. 46-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Joseânia Salbego ◽

Alexssandro G. Becker ◽

Thaylise V. Parodi ◽

Carla C. Zeppenfeld ◽

Jamile F. Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Rhamdia Quelen

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Essential oils from Citrus x aurantium and Citrus x latifolia (Rutaceae) have anesthetic activity and are effective in reducing ion loss in silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen )

Neotropical Ichthyology ◽

10.1590/1982-0224-20170152 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jane Mello Lopes ◽

Carine de Freitas Souza ◽

Bianca Schindler ◽

Carlos Garrido Pinheiro ◽

Joseânia Salbego ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Ammonia Excretion ◽

Fish Mortality ◽

Control Fish ◽

Control Group ◽

Anesthesia Induction ◽

Anesthetic Activity ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Anesthetic Effect ◽

Rhamdia Quelen

ABSTRACT This study investigated the anesthetic effect of the essential oils (EOs) from the peel of Citrus x aurantium (EOCA) and Citrus x latifolia (EOCL) on silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EOCA and EOCL to determine time of anesthesia induction and recovery. Induction of anesthesia was observed in all fish exposed to 400, 600 or 800 μL L−1 EOCA and 300, 400 or 500 μL L−1 EOCL. Another group of fish were exposed for 8 h to 50, 100, or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs. Overall, fish exposed to ethanol and both EOs presented higher ventilatory frequencies (VF) than the control group throughout the 8 h of exposure. Net ion (Na+, K+ and Cl−) effluxes and ammonia excretion were significantly lower in fish exposed to 50, 100 or 200 μL L−1 of either EOs compared to control fish. Mortality was 37% in fish exposed to 200 μL L−1 of either EOs after 8 h. These findings suggest that EOCA and EOCL are useful anesthetics and sedatives for Rhamdia quelen, but their usefulness as alternatives to reduce stress in fish transportation at the lower concentrations tested (50-100 µL L−1) deserves further study.

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Acute toxicity test of agricultural pesticides on silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fingerlings

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782008000400022 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 1050-1055 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Luiz Carlos Kreutz ◽

Leonardo José Gil Barcellos ◽

Tális Oliveira Silva ◽

Deniz Anziliero ◽

Daiana Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Fish Mortality ◽

South American ◽

Immunological Parameters ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Agricultural Pesticides ◽

Toxic Concentration ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Rhamdia Quelen

Toxicity risks of agricultural pesticides to fishes are pivotal. Currently, many questions remain unsolved regarding to the toxicity of commonly used pesticides to silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen), a South American catfish. The present studies have been designed to investigate the acute toxicity and the lethal concentration (LC50) of four herbicides, two fungicides and two insecticides to silver catfish fingerlings. All experiments were carried out in triplicates, in a static bioassay system, using commercially available pesticides. The data was analyzed through the Trimmed Spearman-Karber method available from the Environmental Protection Agency. The 96hLC50 and 95% lower and upper confidence limits, respectively, for the following pesticides were determined: glyphosate (7.3mg L-1; 6.5-8.3), atrazine (10.2mg L-1; 9.1-11.5), atrazine+simazine (10.5mg L-1; 8.9-12.4), mesotrione (532.0mg L-1; 476.5-594), tebuconazole (5.3mg L-1; 4.9-5.7), methylparathion (4.8mg L-1; 4.3-5.3), strobulurin and triazol (9.9mg L-1; 8.7-11.2). Diflubenzuron was also tested and caused no fish mortality up to 1g L-1. The toxic concentration of these pesticides to silver catfish fingerlings fell above the concentration used for application in the field and, except following accidental application or misplacing of empty recipients, it should not cause fish mortality. Nonetheless, the data obtained will be useful to study the long-term effect of these products on the hematological, biochemical, hormonal and immunological parameters of silver catfish and related fish species in South Brazil.

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Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Organic and Aqueous Extracts of Northeast Algerian Marrubium vulgare

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2018-0106 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (S1) ◽

pp. S119-S129

Author(s):

I. Namoune ◽

B. Khettal ◽

A.M. Assaf ◽

S. Elhayek ◽

L. Arrar

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Marrubium Vulgare ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae) is frequently used in traditional medicine to treat many illnesses from ancient times. Its beneficial effects include antibacterial, antioedematogenic, and analgesic activities. This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of organic and aqueous extracts of the leaves, the flowers, the stems, and the roots of Marrubium vulgare. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts have been investigated by using different in-vitro methods. It was found that the ethyl acetate extract from Marrubium vulgare stems had the highest total phenolic content, while the ethyl acetate extract from the leaves yielded a high concentration of flavonoids. The ethyl acetate extract from the stems exhibited the highest activity in scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), as well as in protecting erythrocytes. The leaves aqueous extract exhibited the highest ferrous chelating activity and its methanolic extract was found to be the strongest inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in β-carotene bleaching assay. The leaves chloroform extracts as well as the flowers methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts were found to decrease the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) cytokine levels in a dose-dependent manner. On the other hand, the flowers methanolic extract and the leaves methanol, ethyl acetate, and aqueous extracts decreased the interleukin-1 beta (IL- 1β) release. It was also found that the methanol extract from the flowers and the chloroform extract from the stems of Marrubium vulgare inhibited interleukin-8 (IL-8) release. This study provides a scientific basis for the traditional use of Marrubium vulgare as an anti-inflammatory agent and for the plant to be considered as an important resource of natural antioxidants.

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Verbascum sinaiticum: A Rich Source of Antioxidant Phenylethanoid Glycosides

The Natural Products Journal ◽

10.2174/2210315509666190129160405 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 158-162 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Humaira Yasmeen Gondal ◽

Roshan Zamir ◽

Muhammad Nisar ◽

Muhammad Iqbal Choudhary

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Active Fraction ◽

Phenylethanoid Glycosides ◽

Active Constituents ◽

Soluble Part

Background: The genus Verbascum is well documented for its antioxidant potential but Verbascum sinaiticum is comparatively less studied plant. The current study was carried out to search for antioxidant nutraceuticals from this species. Objective: To explore the antioxidant potential of Verbascum sinaiticum and to identify its active constituents. Methods: The methanolic extract of air-dried aerial part of the Verbascum sinaiticum was partitioned with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The water-soluble part of ethyl acetate afforded six phenylethanoid glycosides by repeated chromatography over Sephadex LH-20, silica gel and ODS columns. Antioxidant activity of solvent extracts and isolated constituents were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Results: Six phenylethanoid glycosides was isolated and characterized as Verbascoside, Eukovoside, Martynoside, Jionoside D, Campneoside I and Campneoside II, from the most active fraction. Conclusion: Verbascum sinaiticum demonstrated prospective antioxidant activity. The watersoluble part of EtOAc (WSEAE) was found the most active extract whereas Verbascoside was identified as the most potent constituent. All isolated compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity whereas their synergistic effect was found prominent in the parent fraction.

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Marine Natural Products, IX A New Halogenated Sesquiterpene Pinnatifidone from the Red Alga Laurencia pinnatifida

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-1988-1022 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 1347-1350 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Shaheen Bano ◽

Mohammad Shaiq Ali ◽

Viqar Uddin Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Marine Natural Products ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Spectroscopic Studies ◽

Red Alga

Abstract From the ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract of red alga, L.pinnatifida, a new halogenated sesquiterpene named as pinnatifidone [1] has been isolated and the structure of this compound has been elucidated with the help of intensive spectroscopic studies.

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Addition of tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) in diet minimize biochemical disturbances in silver catfish Rhamdia quelen exposed to the antiparasitic amitraz

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736954 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 736954

Author(s):

Tamires R. dos Reis ◽

Matheus D. Baldissera ◽

Carine F. Souza ◽

Bernardo Baldisserotto ◽

Julia Corá Segat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tea Tree Oil ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Silver Catfish ◽

Rhamdia Quelen

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Lupeol acetate as a potent antifungal compound against opportunistic human and phytopathogenic mold Macrophomina phaseolina

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-87725-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shabnam Javed ◽

Zaid Mahmood ◽

Khalid Mohammed Khan ◽

Satyajit D. Sarker ◽

Arshad Javaid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Oleanolic Acid ◽

Vanillic Acid ◽

Fungal Biomass ◽

Protocatechuic Acid ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Antifungal Compound ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Lupeol Acetate

AbstractAntifungal activity of Monothecabuxifolia methanolic extract and its various fractions were assessed against Macrophominaphaseolina, a soil-borne fungal pathogen of more than 500 vegetal species as well as rare and emerging opportunistic human pathogen. Different concentrations of methanolic extract (3.125 to 200 mg mL−1) inhibited fungal biomass by 39–45%. Isolated n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions suppressed fungal biomass by 32–52%, 29–50% and 29–35%, respectively. Triterpenes lupeol and lupeol acetate (1, 2) were isolated from n-hexane while betulin, β-sitosterol, β-amyrin, oleanolic acid (3–6) were isolated from chloroform fraction. Vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, kaempferol and quercetin (7–10) were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and identified using various spectroscopic techniques namely mass spectroscopy and NMR. Antifungal activity of different concentrations (0.0312 to 2 mg mL−1) of the isolated compounds was evaluated and compared with the activity of a broad spectrum fungicide mancozeb. Different concentrations of mencozeb reduced fungal biomass by 83–85%. Among the isolated compounds lupeol acetate (2) was found the highest antifungal against M.phaseolina followed by betulin (3), vanillic acid (7), protocatechuic acid (8), β-amyrin (5) and oleanolic acid (6) resulting in 79–81%, 77–79%, 74–79%, 67–72%, 68–71% and 68–71%, respectively. Rest of the compounds also showed considerable antifungal activity and reduced M.phaseolina biomass by 41–64%.

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