scholarly journals WATER DEMAND, CROP COEFFICIENT AND UNCOUPLING FACTOR OF COWPEA IN THE EASTERN AMAZON

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
VIVIAN DIELLY DA SILVA FARIAS ◽  
◽  
MARCUS JOSÉ ALVES DE LIMA ◽  
HILDO GIUSEPPE GARCIA CALDAS NUNES ◽  
DENIS DE PINHO SOUSA ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Cowpea has great socioeconomic importance in the northeastern part of Pará state. However, in order to provide suitable irrigation management during the dry period this region requires solid information regarding water demand by regional crops. This research aims to determine the water demand, the crop coefficient (Kc) and the uncoupling factor during the different development stages of cowpea in the northeast of Pará. The crop evapotranspiration (ETc) was measured by drainage lysimeters. This information was coupled to the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) to obtain the crop coefficients, which were used to adjust the model function of accumulated degree-days and the leaf area index (LAI). The uncoupling factor was estimated to indicate the factors that control evapotranspiration. The ETc values reached a cumulative total of 267.73 mm ± 10.21 mm during the cowpea cycle. The average value of the uncoupling factor was 0.66. This indicates that the cowpea crop does not fully uncouple from the atmosphere underneath the climatic conditions in northeast Pará. The cowpea Kc values presented averages of 0.8, 1.4 and 0.8 in the vegetative phase, reproductive phase and final stage, respectively. The Gaussian model showed an excellent fit for the estimation of Kc values based on accumulated degree days and the LAI. These amounts differ from others found in the literature. Therefore, it reinforces the necessity for an assessment of crop coefficients under local conditions and for the employment of more precise methods.

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Débora Pantojo de Souza ◽  
Arthur Carniato Sanches ◽  
Fernando Campos Mendonça ◽  
José Ricardo Macedo Pezzopane ◽  
Danielle Morais Amorim ◽  
...  

Considering profitability in pasture-based systems, investigating parameters affecting crop coefficients for irrigation management becomes important. In this experiment, we determined the crop coefficient of ‘Marandu’ palisadegrass based on accumulated degree-days and estimated plant water consumption under single (‘Marandu’ alisadegrass) and mixed (‘Marandu’ palisadegrass + black oats + Italian ryegrass) cropping regimes. The research was conducted at the Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, between 2016 and 2017. Evapotranspiration was assessed using weighing lysimeters while crop evapotranspiration was calculated using mean weight variation. Reference evapotranspiration and degree-days were estimated. Data were obtained from an automated weather station. Equations and regression models relating crop coefficient with accumulated degree-days were generated for two seasons (spring/summer and autumn/winter) and evaluated for two year-cycles, from 2015 to 2018. The results showed better prediction accuracy for the single cropping system in spring/summer 2017–18. Highlights The model for determinating crop coefficient (Kc) by accumulated degree-days showed efficient for use in determination local. The use of the degree days for determination Kc is more vantage because only necessary to measure the air temperature (maximum and minimum). The equations for determining crop coefficient by accumulated degree days for the spring/summer season in Marandu palisade grass cultive show more precision that in mixture forage system.


2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Burdette Barker ◽  
Christopher M. U. Neale ◽  
Derek M. Heeren ◽  
Andrew E. Suyker

Abstract. Accurate generation of spatial soil water maps is useful for many types of irrigation management. A hybrid remote sensing evapotranspiration (ET) model combining reflectance-based basal crop coefficients (Kcbrf) and a two-source energy balance (TSEB) model was modified and validated for use in real-time irrigation management. We modeled spatial ET for maize and soybean fields in eastern Nebraska for the 2011-2013 growing seasons. We used Landsat 5, 7, and 8 imagery as remote sensing inputs. In the TSEB, we used the Priestly-Taylor (PT) approximation for canopy latent heat flux, as in the original model formulations. We also used the Penman-Monteith (PM) approximation for comparison. We compared energy balance fluxes and computed ET with measurements from three eddy covariance systems within the study area. Net radiation was underestimated by the model when data from a local weather station were used as input, with mean bias error (MBE) of -33.8 to -40.9 W m-2. The measured incident solar radiation appeared to be biased low. The net radiation model performed more satisfactorily when data from the eddy covariance flux towers were input into the model, with MBE of 5.3 to 11.2 W m-2. We removed bias in the daily energy balance ET using a dimensionless multiplier that ranged from 0.89 to 0.99. The bias-corrected TSEB ET, using weather data from a local weather station and with local ground data in thermal infrared imagery corrections, had MBE = 0.09 mm d-1 (RMSE = 1.49 mm d-1) for PM and MBE = 0.04 mm d-1 (RMSE = 1.18 mm d-1) for PT. The hybrid model used statistical interpolation to combine the two ET estimates. We computed weighting factors for statistical interpolation to be 0.37 to 0.50 for the PM method and 0.56 to 0.64 for the PT method. Provisions were added to the model, including a real-time crop coefficient methodology, which allowed seasonal crop coefficients to be computed with relatively few remote sensing images. This methodology performed well when compared to basal crop coefficients computed using a full season of input imagery. Water balance ET compared favorably with the eddy covariance data after incorporating the TSEB ET. For a validation dataset, the magnitude of MBE decreased from -0.86 mm d-1 (RMSE = 1.37 mm d-1) for the Kcbrf alone to -0.45 mm d-1 (RMSE = 0.98 mm d-1) and -0.39 mm d-1 (RMSE = 0.95 mm d-1) with incorporation of the TSEB ET using the PM and PT methods, respectively. However, the magnitudes of MBE and RMSE were increased for a running average of daily computations in the full May-October periods. The hybrid model did not necessarily result in improved model performance. However, the water balance model is adaptable for real-time irrigation scheduling and may be combined with forecasted reference ET, although the low temporal frequency of satellite imagery is expected to be a challenge in real-time irrigation management. Keywords: Center-pivot irrigation, ET estimation methods, Evapotranspiration, Irrigation scheduling, Irrigation water balance, Model validation, Variable-rate irrigation.


Author(s):  
João G. A. Lima ◽  
José Espínola Sobrinho ◽  
José F. de Medeiros ◽  
Paula C. Viana ◽  
Rudah M. Maniçoba

ABSTRACT Sorghum is of significant economic importance for Northeastern Brazil, since it exhibits high growth rates in regions with irregular rainfall distribution and high temperatures, and is an alternative to corn, which has greater water requirements. Despite being a traditional crop in the region, there are few studies on irrigation management in the Apodi plateau. The aim of this study was to determine the evapotranspiration of the crop and the crop coefficient (Kc) for the different stages of sorghum growth in two cycles, and establish the relationship between the Kc and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) obtained by radiometry. Two weighing lysimeters were used to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was estimated by the Penman-Monteith method (FAO) and the crop coefficient determined using two methodologies: simple Kc and dual Kc. Total crop evapotranspiration in the two cycles was 452 and 557 mm. The ETc value was 23% higher in the second cycle compared to the first. The maximum Kc values for the first and second cycles were 1.21 and 1.35, respectively, using the dual Kc methodology. The linear relationship found between the Kc values and the NDVI allows monitoring and estimating the water requirements of the crop.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
André Felipe Barion Alves Andrean ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Vinícius Villa e Vila ◽  
Lucas Henrique Maldonado da Silva ◽  
Gustavo Soares Wenneck

Evapotranspiration and the estimation of crop coefficient (Kc) are essential information for irrigation management, contributing to increase the water use efficiency and optimizing resources, mainly using local data. This study aimed to determine the water consumption and the crop coefficient of cauliflower (Barcelona hybrid) in the northwestern region of Paraná. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Technical Irrigation Center belonging to the State University of Maringá, in Maringá - PR. The crop evapotranspiration was determined using constant water table lysimeters, and the reference evapotranspiration was estimated by the Penman-Monteith method (FAO), using climatological data collected in an automatic meteorological station. The cultivation was carried out from April to July. The total water consumption by the cauliflower was 215.11 mm, a higher value than that available in the FAO recommendations. The crop coefficient (Kc) recommended values for local conditions are 0.74 for the initial stage, 1.86 for the intermediate stage, and 1.50 for the final stage.


2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Ricardo Santos de Andrade ◽  
Adiel Felipe da Silva Cruz ◽  
Edson Carlos dos Santos Cavalcante ◽  
José Claudio Faustino de Albuquerque ◽  
Werônica Meira de Souza

A evapotranspiração constitui no principal elemento envolvido nas exigências hídricas das culturas, sua estimativa deve ser precisa, sendo utilizada no manejo da irrigação, como também na tomada de decisão que consiste em determinar se a cultura atende as condições edafoclimáticas da região. Um dos métodos de manejo da irrigação que se destaca por aproximar ao máximo a quantidade ideal de água a ser oferecida à cultura é a determinação da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc). Sendo assim, o presente trabalho objetivou em estimar a evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) e do coeficiente de cultura (Kc) para diferentes fases fenológicas na melancia. A variedade utilizada foi a Crimson Sweet, semeados no espaçamento de 1,5 m x 0,75 m onde o sistema de irrigação empregado foi por gotejamento. Para tanto, o experimento foi conduzido na área experimental da Unidade acadêmica de Garanhuns da UFRPE, no período de 01/02/2013 a 07/04/2013. O cálculo do Kc foi obtido pela relação entre ETc e ETo calculada pelo método do balanço hídrico do solo e estimada pelo método de tanque Classe A, respectivamente, no período de 01 até 66 dias após o plantio (DAP). A evapotranspiração média da cultura da melancia nos 66 dias do balanço foi de 11,36 mm dia-1 e os valores médios dos coeficientes de cultivo (Kc) obtidos pela relação entre ETc e ETo foram 1,80; 1,97; 1,84 e 1,60 para a fase vegetativa, floração, maturação e colheita, respectivamente, e o máximo consumo de água pela cultura deu-se no estádio de floração. A B S T R A C T Evapotranspiration is the main element involved in crop water requirements, your estimate should be accurate, by using management of irrigation systems also with decision making that is whether the culture meets the ecological conditions of the region. One of the methods of irrigation management approach that stands out the most optimum amount of water to be offered to culture is the estimate of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient (Kc) for different stages of crop development watermelon. We used the Crimson Sweet variety, sown at a spacing of 1.5 mx 0.75 m where the irrigation system was used drip. Therefore, an experiment was conducted at the experimental unit of Academic Garanhuns/UFRPE, from 01/02/2013 to 07/04/2013. The calculation of Kc was obtained by the ratio of ETc and ETo calculated by the method of soil water balance and estimated by the method of Class A pan, respectively, from 01 to 66 days after planting (DAP). The average evapotranspiration of watermelon crop in 66 days the balance was 11.36 mm day-1 and the average values of crop coefficients (Kc) obtained by the relationship between ETc and ETo were 1.80, 1.97, 1, 84 and 1.60 for the vegetative stage, flowering, ripening and harvesting, respectively, and the maximum water consumption by the crop yield in the flowering stag


Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-219
Author(s):  
Éder Comunello ◽  
Paulo Cesar Sentelhas ◽  
Carlos Ricardo Fietz ◽  
Danilton Luiz Flumignan ◽  
Gessi Ceccon

AVALIAÇÃO DE UM CONJUNTO LISIMÉTRICO NA DETERMINAÇÃO DA DEMANDA HÍDRICA DE MILHO CULTIVADO NO OUTONO-INVERNO     ÉDER COMUNELLO1; PAULO CESAR SENTELHAS2; CARLOS RICARDO FIETZ1; DANILTON LUIZ FLUMIGNAN1 E GESSI CECCON1   1Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste, Rodovia BR 163, km 253,6, Cx. Postal 449, CEP 79804-970, Dourados, MS, Brasil. Fone:(67) 3416-9700. E-mail(s): {eder.comunello, carlos.fietz, danilton.flumignan, gessi.ceccon}@embrapa.br 2Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (USP/Esalq), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. Fone:(19) 3429-4283. E-mail: [email protected]     1 RESUMO   O conhecimento da evapotranspiração é fundamental para a determinação da demanda hídrica dos cultivos e a lisimetria está entre os métodos mais confiáveis para sua determinação. Uma série de fatores ligados à construção e operação dos lisímetros pode interferir na confiabilidade das medidas tomadas, de modo que o presente trabalho buscou avaliar se ligeiras diferenças nesses fatores seriam suficientes para gerar diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre as séries obtidas de três lisímetros similares. O trabalho experimental foi implantado em março de 2014, em Dourados, MS, com o conjunto lisimétrico disposto em uma área de 0,49 ha, cultivada com um híbrido de milho superprecoce irrigado (125 dias). Variáveis fitotécnicas avaliadas demonstraram a homogeneidade de condições entre os lisímetros e entorno. Não havendo diferenças significativas entre séries, estabeleceu-se um coeficiente de cultivo (Kc) médio. Partindo de 0,54 na fase inicial (0-15 DAE), houve incremento linear dos valores de Kc, atingindo 1,37 no pendoamento (50 DAE). Desse ponto, houve redução gradual dos valores, chegando a 0,80 na maturação fisiológica (110 DAE) e 0,40 na colheita. A demanda hídrica calculada para todo ciclo foi de 475 mm. A análise complementar do saldo de radiação e temperatura do ar foram fundamentais para interpretação dos resultados.   Palavras-chave: coeficientes de cultura, lisímetros de pesagem, milho safrinha.     COMUNELLO, E.; SENTELHAS, P. C.; FIETZ, C. R.; FLUMIGNAN, D. L. E CECCON, G. EVALUATION OF A SET OF LYSIMETERS FOR DETERMINING WATER DEMAND OF AUTUMN-WINTER MAIZE CROP     2 ABSTRACT   Evapotranspiration is a key variable to determine crop water demand, and lysimetry is among the most reliable  methods for its determination. A number of factors related to lysimeters construction and operation can interfere with the reliability of measurements. Thus, this study aimed at assessing whether slightly differences could result in significant differences among the series of three similar lysimeters. The experiment was started in March, 2014, in Dourados county, MS, Brazil, with the lysimetric set located in an area of 0.49 ha where a short cycle maize hybrid (125 days) was cropped with irrigation. Plant measurements showed homogeneity conditions among lysimeters and their surrounding areas. With no significant differences among the series, an average crop coefficient (Kc) was used. The value of 0.54 was obtained in the initial phase (0-15 DAE). Right after, Kc values presented linear increment, reaching 1.37 in the tasseling stage (50 DAE). From this point, there was gradual decrease in values,  reaching 0.80 at physiological maturity (110 DAE) and 0.40 at harvest. Water demand calculated for the entire cycle was 475 mm. A complementary analysis of net radiation and air temperature was important to evaluate the results obtained.   Keywords: crop coefficients, weighing lysimeters, off-season maize.


Irriga ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio José De Santana ◽  
Uander Da Costa Pereira ◽  
José Daniel Cambraia Beirigo ◽  
Stefany Silva De Souza ◽  
Talita Mendes Campos ◽  
...  

1 RESUMO Um dos métodos de manejo da irrigação mais utilizado é o tanque classe A, necessitando dos valores dos coeficientes de cultura para cálculo da evapotranspiração. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar os coeficientes de cultura (Kc) do tomateiro irrigado para a região de Uberaba, MG. Os dados do balanço de água no solo foram obtidos em uma área experimental com a cultura em tratamentos envolvendo níveis de reposição de água no solo (40%, 70%, 100%, 130%, 160% e 190% da lâmina necessária para elevar a umidade do solo para a condição equivalente à capacidade de campo). Os dados de tensão de água no solo foram coletados nas parcelas de 100% de reposição. A evapotranspiração de referência foi obtida pelo método do tanque classe A e a evapotranspiração da cultura por meio do balanço da água no solo. Concluiu-se que os valores de Kc para as fases inicial, desenvolvimento, intermediário, final e colheita foram, respectivamente, de 0,37; 0,72; 1,03; 1,10 e 0,75. UNITERMOS: Lycopersicon esculentum L., coeficiente de cultura, déficit hídrico.  SANTANA, M.J.; PEREIRA, U.C.; BEIRIGO, J.D.C.; SOUZA, S.S.; CAMPOS, T.M.;VIEIRA, T.A. CROP COEFFICIENT FOR IRRIGATED TOMATO  2 ABSTRACT One of the most utilized irrigation management methods is the class A Pan, which requires crop coefficients to estimate crop evapotranspiration. The objective of this work was to determine crop coefficients  (Kc) of irrigated tomato in the region of Uberaba, MG. Soil water balance data were obtained in an experimental area with the culture under six levels of soil water replacement (40%, 70%, 100%, 130%, 160% and 190% of the depth necessary to raise the soil moisture to the field capacity condition). The soil water tension data were collected in plots of 100% replacement. The reference evapotranspiration was obtained by the class A Pan method and culture evapotranspiration was obtained utilizing soil water balance. Kc values for the initial, development, intermediate, final, and harvest phases were respectively of  0.37; 0.72; 1.03; 1.10 and 0.75. KEY- WORDS: LycopersiconesculentumL., crop coefficient, water deficit.


2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. de Carvalho ◽  
Dione G. da Silva ◽  
Hermes S. da Rocha ◽  
Wilk S. de Almeida ◽  
Eraldo da S. Sousa

The aim of this study was to quantify the water consumption and the crop coefficients (Kc) for the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil, under organic management, and to simulate the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) using the Kc obtained in the field and the ones recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The water consumption was obtained through soil water balance, using TDR probes installed at 0.15m and 0.30m deep. At the different stages of development, the Kc was determined by the ratio of ETc and reference evapotranspiration, obtained by Penman-Monteith FAO 56. The crop coefficients obtained were 0.35, 0.45, 1.29 and 0.63. The accumulated ETc obtained in the field was 109.6 mm, while the ETc accumulated from FAO's Kc were 142.2 and 138mm, respectively, considering the classical values and the values adjusted to the local climatic conditions. The simulation of water consumption based on meteorological data of historical series from 1961 to 2007 provided higher value of ETc when compared with the one obtained in the field. From the meteorological data of historical series, it was observed that the use of Kc recommended by FAO may overestimate the amount of irrigation water by 9%, over the same growing season.


2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talyana K. de Melo ◽  
José F. de Medeiros ◽  
José E. Sobrinho ◽  
Vladimir B. Figueiredo ◽  
Paulo S. de Souza

Aiming at contributing to an adequate management of water resources, this study aimed to analyze and compare evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficients (Kc) of melon plants measured by a lysimeter and estimated according to the FAO 56 methodology, in the city of Mossoró, state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil. In order to measure ETc, weighing lysimeters with an area of 2.25m² were used, with two repetitions. The Penman-Monteith equation parameterized by FAO was used to estimate the reference evapotranspiration, and crop coefficients were those recommended in FAO-56 Bulletin adjusted to local climatic conditions. The required climatic data and lysimeter measurements were collected by an automatic weather station installed at the site. The results were compared by means of statistical indicators: of precision (r), of accuracy (d), and performance (c), in daily and weekly intervals. The data estimated by the FAO 56 methodology were adjusted optimally to the values measured by the lysimeters in accordance with index "c" in the two time scales assessed, indicating the potential of the method proposed by FAO to irrigation management in the climatic conditions of Agripole Assú-Mossoró.


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