scholarly journals Toxic metabolites from culture filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum and its effects on cucumber cells and plantlets

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itamar Soares de Melo ◽  
Everaldo Piccinin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
High Level

Resistance of cucumber plantlets to culture filtrate of Fusarium oxysporum is correlated with resistance of single cells from callus. Single cells and plantlets of two cultivars of cucumber were incubated with culture filtrates. Rapid cell death occurred, as assessed by the stain fluorescein diacetate. More cell death ocurred in the cells of the cultivar Aodai than in to cells of the cultivar Caipira, which presented high level of resistance. Maximum toxic activity of culture filtrates was attained after 21-25 days of growth of the fungus.

scholarly journals Insecticidal activity of culture filtrates from liquid medium of Beauveria bassiana isolates from South Sumatra (Indonesia) wetland soil against larvae of Spodoptera litura

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
DWI RIZKI AYUDYA ◽  
Siti Herlinda ◽  
SUWANDI SUWANDI
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Wetland Soil ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana Isolates

Abstract. Ayudya DR, Herlinda S, Suwandi S. 2019. Insecticidal activity of culture filtrates from liquid medium of Beauveria bassiana isolates from South Sumatra (Indonesia) wetland soil against larvae of Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas 20: 2101-2109. The obstacle in utilizing entomopathogenic fungi to control pest insects in wetlands is the inability of their isolates to survive during the saprophytic phase due to the soil being very acidic. Therefore, the exploration of fungi being able to survive in the acidic soil was utilized in the acidic ecosystem. This study aimed to test the toxic activity of Beauveria bassiana culture filtrates from liquid medium at pH 2.5 and 6 against Spodoptera litura larvae. Total of ten isolates collected from South Sumatra, Indonesia was grown in liquid media at pH of 2.5 and 6 for six weeks. The result showed that the culture filtrate from liquid medium at pH 6 was more toxic against the larvae than that at pH 2.5. The mortality of the larvae at pH 6 reached 92%, while that at pH 2.5 it reached 13.33% only. The findings of present study revealed that the culture filtrate isolates of BPdR, BJgTs, BSwTd2, BSwTd3, BSwTd4, BKKPp2 from pH 2.5 media still caused high larvae mortality (6.67-13.33%). These seven isolates are superior due to their toxic nature at pH 2.5. Consequently, present study has increased the chances of success in utilizing these isolates for biological control in acidic ecosystems, such as peatlands, tidal lowlands, and freshwater swamps.

scholarly journals Transcriptional network constituted of CBP, Ku70, NOX2, and BAX prevents the cell death of necrosis, paraptosis, and apoptosis in human melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Ding ◽  
Yalei Wen ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Fang Zhao ◽  
Kenao Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
Transcriptional Network ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Creb Binding Protein ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
High Level

AbstractCREB-binding protein (CBP) is an acetyltransferase known to play multiple roles in the transcriptions of genes involving oxidative metabolism, cell cycle, DNA damage checkpoints, and cell death. In this study, CBP was found to positively regulate the expression of Ku70, and both CBP and Ku70 were found to negatively regulate the expression of NOX2, therefore, mitigating the intracellular ROS in human melanoma. Knocking down CBP or Ku70 induced necrotic and paraptotic cell death as indicated by high-level intracellular ROS, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and cell cycle arrest in the S phase. In addition, chromosomal condensations were also observed in the cells proceeding necrotic and paraptotic cell death, which was found to be related to the BAX-associated intrinsic pathway of apoptotic cell death, when Ku70 was decreased either by CBP depletion or by Ku70 depletion directly. Our results, therefore, supported the idea that CBP, Ku70, BAX, and NOX2 have formed a transcriptional network in the prevention of cell death of necrosis, paraptosis, and apoptosis in human melanoma.

scholarly journals Hsp70 Overexpression Sequesters AIF and Reduces Neonatal Hypoxic/Ischemic Brain Injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 899-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Matsumori ◽  
Shwuhuey M Hong ◽  
Koji Aoyama ◽  
Yang Fan ◽  
Takamasa Kayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Ischemic Brain Injury ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hsp 70 ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Carotid Artery Ligation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Apoptosis Inducing Factor

Apoptosis is implicated in neonatal hypoxic/ischemic (H/I) brain injury among various forms of cell death. Here we investigate whether overexpression of heat shock protein (Hsp) 70, an antiapoptotic protein, protects the neonatal brain from H/I injury and the pathways involved in the protection. Postnatal day 7 (P7) transgenic mice overexpressing rat Hsp70 (Tg) and their wild-type littermates (Wt) underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by 30 mins exposure to 8% O2. Significant neuroprotection was observed in Tg versus Wt mice on both P12 and P21, correlating with a high level of constitutive but not inducible Hsp70 in the Tg. More prominent injury was observed in Wt and Tg mice on P21, suggesting its continuous evolution after P12. Western blot analysis showed that translocation of cytochrome c, but not the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac)/DIABLO and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), from mitochondria into cytosol was significantly reduced in Tg 24 h after H/I compared with Wt mice. Coimmunoprecipitation detected more Hsp70 bound to AIF in Tg than Wt mice 24 h after H/I, inversely correlating with the amount of nuclear, but not cytosolic, AIF translocation. Our results suggest that interaction between Hsp70 and AIF might have reduced downstream events leading to cell death, including the reduction of nuclear AIF translocation in the neonatal brains of Hsp70 Tg mice after H/I.

scholarly journals In vitro toxin production by Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria de Lourdes R. Duarte ◽  
Simon A. Archer
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Detached Leaves

Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis (teleomorph: Nectria haematococca f. sp. piperis), causal agent of root rot and stem blight on black pepper (Piper nigrum), produces secondary metabolites with toxigenic properties, capable of inducing vein discoloration in detached leaves and wilting in transpiring microcuttings. Production of F. solani f. sp. piperis (Fsp) toxic metabolites reached a peak after 25 days of static incubation on potato sucrose broth at 25 ºC under illumination. Changes in the pH of the culture filtrate did not alter the effect of toxic metabolites. However, when the pH was changed before the medium had been autoclaved, a more intense biological response was observed, with an optimum at pH 6.0. Isolates that produced red pigments in liquid cultures were more efficient in producing biologically active culture filtrates than those which produced pink coloured or clear filtrates suggesting that these pigments could be related to toxigenic activity. Detached leaves of seven black pepper cultivars and Piper betle showed symptoms of vein discoloration after immersion in autoclaved and non-autoclaved Fsp culture filtrates indicating the thermostable nature of these toxic metabolites.

Mycoparasitic species of Trichoderma produce lectins

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Neethling ◽  
Helena Nevalainen
Keyword(s):  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Culture Filtrates ◽  
Haemagglutinating Activity

Culture filtrates and mycelial extracts of two mycoparasitic Trichoderma species were tested for the presence of lectins, by haemagglutination with human and marsupial erythrocytes. In Trichoderma viride, haemagglutinating activity was present in both mycelial extracts and culture filtrate. While secreted lectins were only detected after 6 days of growth, the presence of mycelium-associated lectins was first noted in 3-day-old cultures. Agglutinating activity was also demonstrated in the mycelium of 6-, 9- and 13-day-old cultures of Trichoderma harzianum. In this species, however, lectins were not secreted. In all instances, haemagglutination was inhibited by N-acetylgalactosamine and related sugars. This is the first report on the occurrence of lectins in Trichoderma spp.Key words: Trichoderma, lectins, mycoparasitism.

scholarly journals Cell wound repair in Drosophila occurs through three distinct phases of membrane and cytoskeletal remodeling

2011 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Abreu-Blanco ◽  
Jeffrey M. Verboon ◽  
Susan M. Parkhurst
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Wound Edge ◽  
Cytoskeletal Remodeling ◽  
Tissue Integrity ◽  
E Cadherin

When single cells or tissues are injured, the wound must be repaired quickly in order to prevent cell death, loss of tissue integrity, and invasion by microorganisms. We describe Drosophila as a genetically tractable model to dissect the mechanisms of single-cell wound repair. By analyzing the expression and the effects of perturbations of actin, myosin, microtubules, E-cadherin, and the plasma membrane, we define three distinct phases in the repair process—expansion, contraction, and closure—and identify specific components required during each phase. Specifically, plasma membrane mobilization and assembly of a contractile actomyosin ring are required for this process. In addition, E-cadherin accumulates at the wound edge, and wound expansion is excessive in E-cadherin mutants, suggesting a role for E-cadherin in anchoring the actomyosin ring to the plasma membrane. Our results show that single-cell wound repair requires specific spatial and temporal cytoskeleton responses with distinct components and mechanisms required at different stages of the process.

scholarly journals LATEST INFORMATION ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF FUSARIUM LANGSETHIAE, THE PRODUCER OF T-2 AND HT-2 TOXINS, IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
O. P. Gavrilova ◽  
T. Yu. Gagkaeva
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Intraspecific Diversity ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Toxic Metabolites ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level ◽  
Grain Contamination ◽  
Fusarium Fungi

The annual monitoring of grain contamination with Fusarium fungi and the identification of their species composition showed the widespread distribution of F. langsethiae producing dangerous T-2 and HT-2 toxins in the Northwestern and Central regions of Russia. Mycological analysis of grain samples harvested in 2018–2019 allowed revealing the new places of F. langsethiae distribution, including Urals. The top infection rate of the oats grain by F. langsethiae in 2019 reached 14 %. The identification of F. langsethiae strains was supported by PCR with species-specific primers. The analysis of toxic metabolites in F. langsethiae by the combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry revealed the high level of T-2 and HT-2 toxins. The considerable total amounts of T-2 and HT-2 toxins (165–1230 μg/kg) were found in the grain samples infected with this species. Further clarification of the geographical area of F. langsethiae and the study of its intraspecific diversity are needed to understand the distribution of this toxin-producing fungus.

Stem cell factor and leukemia inhibitory factor promote primordial germ cell survival by suppressing programmed cell death (apoptosis)

Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pesce ◽  
M.G. Farrace ◽  
M. Piacentini ◽  
S. Dolci ◽  
M. De Felici
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Stem Cell Factor ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Primordial Germ Cell ◽  
Inhibitory Factor ◽  
High Level

Proliferating primordial germ cells (PGCs) isolated from mouse embryos soon after their arrival in the genital ridges would only survive in vitro at temperature of less than 30 degrees C (De Felici, M. and McLaren, A. (1983). Exp. Cell. Res. 144, 417–427; Wabik-Sliz, B. and McLaren, A. (1984). Exp. Cell. Res. 154, 530–536) or when co-cultured on cell feeder layers (Donovan, P. J., Stott, D., Godin, I., Heasman, J. and Wylie, C. C. (1986). Cell 44, 831–838; De Felici, M. and Dolci, S. (1991). Dev. Biol. 147, 281–284). In the present paper we report that mouse PGC death in vitro occurs with all the hallmarks of programmed cell death or apoptosis. We found that after 4–5 hours in culture many PGCs isolated from 12.5 dpc fetal gonads assumed a nuclear morphology and produced membrane bound fragments (apoptotic bodies) typical of apoptotic cells. In addition, PGCs in culture accumulated high level of tissue transglutaminase (tTGase; an enzyme that is induced and activated during apoptosis) and showed extensive degradation of DNA to oligonucleosomal fragments, which is characteristic of apoptosis. The physiological relevance of this mechanism of PGC death is supported by the finding that some PGCs undergoing apoptosis, as revealed by the high level of tTGase expression, were detected in the embryo. Most importantly, we show that the addition of stem cell factor (SCF) or leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) to the culture medium, two cytokines known to favour PGC survival and/or proliferation in vitro, markedly reduced the occurrence of apoptosis in PGCs during the first hours in culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Tumor PD-L1 Induction by Resveratrol/Piceatannol May Function as a Search, Enhance, and Engage (“SEE”) Signal to Facilitate the Elimination of “Cold, Non-Responsive” Low PD-L1-Expressing Tumors by PD-L1 Blockade

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tze-Chen Hsieh ◽  
Joseph M. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Regulatory Protein ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Tumor Escape ◽  
Free Response ◽  
High Level ◽  
Host Immune Surveillance

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an immune regulatory protein that facilitates tumor escape from host immune surveillance. In the clinic, tumors with high level of PD-L1 have been used to identify patients who might respond favorably to treatment by anti-PD-L1 antibodies (PD-L1 blockade, PLB). Typically, a progression-free response of 9–20% to PLB has been observed, the basis for the low success rate is largely unknown. Recently, we show upregulation of PD-L1 in cancer cells by ≥IC50 supra-pharmacological dose of grape polyphenol resveratrol and piceatannol, alone and combined. Herein, we summarize recent published studies on the regulation of tumor PD-L1 by flavonoids and grape polyphenols. We hypothesize that the induced tumor PD-L1 by resveratrol and/or piceatannol may serve as a Search, Enhance, and Engage (“SEE”) signal to sensitize and augment the recognition and detection of low PD-L1-expressing “cold, non-responsive” tumors. The “SEE” strategy enhances the “visibility” of previously unidentified tumor cells for targeting and eventual eradication by the host antitumor activity. This strategy expands the selection criteria for patients with improved sensitivity and potential responsiveness when used in combination with PLB. The modulation of tumor PD-L1 by flavonoids or polyphenols is proposed to improve the response to PLB in low PD-L1 tumors.

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