scholarly journals CT scan findings in mild head trauma: a series of 2,000 patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (2A) ◽  
pp. 204-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly C. Bordignon ◽  
Walter Oleschko Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Cranial Computed Tomography ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Brain Contusion ◽  
Interpersonal Aggression ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Male To Female

The present study describes the cranial computed tomography (CT) scan findings of 2,000 cases of mild head trauma (HT) in Curitiba, Southern Brazil. The mean age of the entire series was 30.8 <FONT FACE=Symbol>±</FONT>19 years. The overall male to female ratio was 2:1. The most common causes of head injury were interpersonal aggression (17.9%), falls (17.4%), automobile accidents (16.2%), falls to the ground (13.1%) and pedestrian injuries (13 %). Alcohol intoxication was associated with HT in 158 cases (7.9%). A normal CT scan was seen in 60.75% (1215) and an abnormal CT scan in 39.25% (785) of patients. Out of 785 abnormal CT scan, 518(65.9%) lesions were related to HT. The most common CT scan HT related findings were: soft tissue swelling (8.9 %), skull fractures (4.3 %), intracranial and subgaleal hematomas (3.4% and 2.4 %), brain swelling (2 %) and brain contusion (1.2%). Out of 785 abnormal CT scans, 267 (34.1%) lesions were not related to head trauma. Incidental CT scan findings included brain atrophy (5.9%), one calcification (5.2%) several calcifications (2.4%) (probably neurocysticercosis in most cases), ischemic infarct (1.9%) and leukoaraiosis (1.3%). These findings showed the importance of CT scan examination in mild head injuries. Further studies to identify mild HT patients at higher risk of significant brain injury are warranted in order to optimize its use.

scholarly journals Brain Tumors - Analysis of 320 Cases

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-26
Author(s):  
Md Lutfor Rahman ◽  
ASM Shawakat Ali ◽  
Md Shofiqul Islam ◽  
Intekhab Alam ◽  
AKM Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Operative Mortality ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Raised Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female

We have studied 320 cases of brain tumour. In adults 80% tumours were supra-tentorial and 20% were infra-tentorial. In case of children, 71.25% were infra-tentorial and 29.8 % were supratentorial. Age ranges in our study were between 10 months to 75 years. Male to female ratio of incidence were about 2:1. All (100%) patients had cognitive impairment with features of raised intracranial pressure. Diagnosis was made on the basis of CT scan of brain (78.12%) or MRI of Brain (21.88%). Surgical intervention was done in the form of burr hole and biopsy in 45 cases (14.06%), Craniotomy with total excisional biopsy in 109 cases (34.6%) and excision and biopsy with residual tumors in 166 cases (51.81%). Peri-operative mortality in our study was 6.25%. doi: 10.3329/taj.v19i1.3164 TAJ 2006; 19(1): 24-26

scholarly journals DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF DEATHS DUE TO ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS, EXAMINED IN DR. S.N. MEDICAL COLLEGE, JODHPUR (RAJ.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kana Ram Patel ◽  
Jagdish Jugtawat ◽  
Shalender Kumar ◽  
P.C. Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Male To Female

Accidents are not due to external factors all the time but often they occur due to failure of control of self-conscience and free thoughts. Road Traffic Accidents is still the major cause of death worldwide including India. A retrospective study has been conducted in Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur (Raj.), in the year 2019 to study the pattern and distribution of Head Injuries of fatal road traffic accidents and to prepare the demographic profile of it. Out of total 901 cases, male to female ratio was 9:1, and commonest age group affected was 21-30 years (39.8%). Among total victims, Hindus were 748 (83%) and rests were Muslims 103 (11.4%) and other religions. Head injury was the most common injury, present alone in 509 cases (56.4%) and in 392 (43.6) cases along with other injuries. Skull fractures were found in 451 (50.5), in which linear/fissure fracture (32.9%) was most common. Most common bone fractured was temporal bone. The commonest variety of intracranial hemorrhage was subdural hemorrhage and craniotomy was done in 29 (3.2%) cases. Keywords: Accidents, Road traffic, Head injury, Fractures.

scholarly journals Clinical study of non epidermoid malignancies of the paranasal sinuses

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Y. Prabhakar Rao ◽  
Punga Amreeta Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Nasal Endoscopy ◽  
Purulent Discharge ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Soft Tissue Density ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Non Hodgkins Lymphoma ◽  
Male To Female

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Malignancy of paranasal sinuses post challenging issues not only for surgeons but also for radiologists. Patients also try to avoid and neglect the condition. Hence clinical studies are more pertinent on this issue. Objective was to study clinical picture of non epidermoid malignancies of the paranasal sinuses.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective hospital based study of 30 patients with non epidermoid malignancies of the paranasal sinuses from two hospitals over a period of more than four years. Clinical characteristics were studied. CT scan, diagnostic nasal endoscopy, histopathology was done for all patients. Data was analyzed using proportions.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Majority affected were males. The male to female ratio was 2:1. Maximum cases were found in the age group of 51-60 years and all of them were males. Left side was most commonly affected. The most common presenting feature was nasal obstruction in 50% of the cases. Nasal endoscopy findings has shown that there were five cases each of pinkish red polypoid mass, pinkish grey fleshy mass, pinkish red proliferative mass, pink fleshy mass, purulent discharge and fleshy pinkish red mass. Heterogeneous soft tissue density was the most common CT scan finding. Non Hodgkins lymphoma was more common. Half of the cases were managed by maxillectomy and half of the cases were managed by radiotherapy. There was no recurrence of the tumor after 6-9 months of follow up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Males are more commonly affected than females. Appropriate management of cases prevents recurrence of the tumors.</p>

scholarly journals Birth Defects: A Hospital Based Study in Chittagong, Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahmina Banu ◽  
Tanvir K Chowdhury ◽  
Sahadeb Kumar Das ◽  
Md Zonaid Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Momtazul Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defects ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Anorectal Malformations ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Birth Prevalence ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction: Birth defects are one of the most common causes of disability in developed and developing countries. Birth defects are structural or functional anomalies, including metabolic disorders, which are present at the time of birth. Although the worldwide incidence of birth defects is estimated at 3-7%, the rate varies widely between countries. In this paper, we categorized the birth defects most commonly seen in Bangladesh and their outcome. We hope to use this information to guide the strategies used to manage these problems.Materials and Methods: This hospital based, descriptive study was done in the Department of Pediatric Surgery in Chittagong Medical College and Hospital from January 2008 to December 2012. Records of all patients with birth defects in our hospital and departmental database were reviewed. Types of birth defects, age, sex, surgery performed and outcome were analyzed in patients admitted during this period. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17. Statistical analysis was performed by the chi-square test and mean and percentage values were calculated. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: During this five year period, there were 5661 patients of birth defects admitted in this department. Of these, 5156 had a single congenital anomaly and 505 had multiple congenital anomalies. The male to female ratio was 2.1: 1. Birth defects comprised 44.61% of all Pediatric surgical admissions and 0.90% of total hospital admissions. The gastrointestinal system was the most common organ system involved, followed by the genitourinary system. Inguinal hernias were the most common gastrointestinal abnormality and hypospadias were the most common genitourinary case. A total of 3921 operations were performed for birth defects, representing 69.26% of total admission for birth defects. Most operations were done for gastrointestinal and genito-urinary defects. Inguinal herniotomy was the most commonly performed operation followed by laparotomy for various indications. There were 225 deaths for birth defects. While this is only 3.97% of all admissions for birth defects, this represents 51.49% of all (pediatric) deaths during the study period. The most common cause of death was anorectal malformations followed by gastroschisis.Conclusion: The study helps assess the burden of birth defects in the Bangladeshi society. There is a need for more extensive, nationwide screening studies to determine the birth prevalence, types and distribution of birth defects in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v13i3.20994

Patients with Blunt Head Trauma on Anticoagulation and Antiplatelet Medications: Can They be Safely Discharged after a Normal Initial Cranial Computed Tomography Scan?

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Docimo ◽  
Aleksandr Demin ◽  
Fausto Vinces
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Cranial Computed Tomography ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Computed Tomography Scan ◽  
Cranial Ct ◽  
Blunt Head Trauma ◽  
Tomography Scan

The literature reports delayed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after blunt trauma in patients taking preinjury anticoagulant and antiplatelet (AC/AP) medications. We sought to evaluate the incidence of delayed ICH at our institution and hypothesize that patients taking AC/AP medications who are found to have a negative first computed tomography (CT) scan will not require a second CT scan. A total of 303 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, mechanism of injury, international normalized ratio (INR), initial and secondary cranial CT findings, and outcomes were recorded. One hundred sixty-eight (55.4%) were found to be taking AP/AC medications. Ninety-six (57%) were male and 72 (43%) female. Aspirin use was 42.8 per cent (72 of 168), clopidogrel next (39 of 168 [23.0%]), and warfarin least (18 of 168 [10.7%]). One hundred sixty-six (98.8%) presented with significant findings on the first CT scan. Fourteen (87.5%) of the 16 patients with an INR 2.0 or higher presented with an ICH on the first CT. Ninety percent of patients with an INR 1.5 or higher presented with positive findings on the first CT scan. One hundred per cent of patients with an INR 3.0 or higher presented with an ICH on the first CT scan. The incidence of a delayed ICH was two of 168 (1.19%). Of those two patients with a delayed ICH, 100 per cent were taking warfarin and had an INR greater than 2.0. The incidence of delayed ICH was 1.19 per cent. The protocol requiring a second CT scan for all patients on AC/AP medications after a negative first CT scan should be questioned. For patients with blunt head trauma taking warfarin or a warfarin–aspirin combination, a repeat cranial CT scan after a negative initial CT is acceptable. For patients taking clopidogrel, a period of observation may be warranted.

scholarly journals Medical mortality in an emergency department in Nigeria: the transition is obvious!

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-9
Author(s):  
AD Olusegun-Joseph ◽  
O Akande ◽  
E Otrofanowei ◽  
EO Nwoye ◽  
OB Olopade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Causes Of Mortality ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction: The emergency department (ED), a major entry point into the hospital, provides an insight to the type of cases seen, the quality of care and mortality spectrum in a health institution. We aim to identify the spectrum of medical causes of mortality in our ED, the demographic pattern and duration of stay before death. Method: This is a retrospective study that looked at medical mortality in the ED from January 2004 to December 2009. We obtained data on the demographics and causes of death from the medical records and case notes of the deceased. Results: A total of 16587 patients were admitted during the period under review, of these 1262 (7.61%) died in the ED. The male to female ratio was 1.58:1.0 [772 males (61.2%), and 489 females (38.8%)]. Mortality was highest among the 20-45years age range, followed by 46-65 years, >65years and < 20 years in decreasing frequency [589(46.7%), 421(33.4%), 186 (14.8%) and 66(5.2%) respectively]. The three most common causes of death were stroke 315(25%), HIV related illness- es 126(10.0%), and heart failure 123(9.7%). Most deaths occurred less than 24hours of admission, 550(43.6%), followed by one day (36.0%) and two days (10.8%) post admissions respectively. Conclusion: The commonest cause of death in the ED was stroke. The burden of death was highest in the younger age group, with most occurring less than 24 hours of admission. Keywords: Emergency department; duration; mortality.

scholarly journals GALLBLADDER STONES SPECTRUM IN SAUDI POPULATION BY USING ULTRASONOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Abdullah Hamdan ◽  
◽  
NasraldeenAlnaeem M. Alkhidir ◽  
Abdelmoneim Saeed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Gallbladder Stones ◽  
The Social ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

Objective:This study was designed with an aim to determine the incidence of gallbladder stonesandto evaluate the accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of calculus, occur in Saudi patients whom presents at the Radiology and Ultrasound Department. Materials and method: Retrospective study in the period 22 August 2020 to 22 December 2020, a total of 108 patientsunderwentultrasound. When the gallbladder is investigated using ultrasound imaging (US) modality. Ultrasound instrument used was spatial digital U22 Philips Convex probe 3.5 Data analysis performed using the tables and computerized systems,ultrasound using different types of ultrasound units with 3.5 MHz and 5 MHz curve linear probes.Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel Software and the Standard Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 15 for windows. Result: Out of 108 examined samples [mean age of 29 years male to female ratio of .9:1].Gallstones in this study were more common in the age range from 2 to 39, (58.3%).The most common causes of gallbladder stones are, 0ral contraceptives44(40.7%),Cholesterol28 (25.9%),Biliary dyskinesia 17 (15.7%),Diabetes 12 (11.1%),and Spinal cord injury7 (6.5%)one of the commonest complaints is upper abdominal pain,52(48.1%) and in majority of the cases the etiology is treatable,Nausea30 (27.8%) andVomiting 26(24.1%).Confirmation is done by CT scan 20 (18.5%) for the cases of small gall stones (<2mm) and impacted stones in cystic duct and operations, Cholecystectomy 14(13%) were done for stones large than (>2 cm), who have a nonfunctional or calcified (porcelain) gallbladder and patients for spinal cord injured. Conclusion: Ultrasound (US) is the preferred method for evaluating gallstones with 96% accuracy. The number, size and calcification can be evaluated by virtue of US inversion and attenuation. If there are more than five stones, the accuracy decreases.

scholarly journals Analysis of battle and non-battle traumatic renal injuries: a 6-year experience in a conflict zone in Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Zabkowski ◽  
Robert Brzozowski
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Gunshot Wounds ◽  
Renal Trauma ◽  
Vascular Pedicle ◽  
Penetrating Injuries ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Conflict Zone ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Collecting System

Abstract Renal trauma occurs in 1-5% of all trauma cases [1]. The kidney is considered the most commonly injured genitourinary organ, with a male to female ratio of 3:1 [2]. Gunshot wounds are the most common causes of penetrating injuries and have the tendency to become more severe and less predictable than blunt trauma. Bullets cause destruction of the parenchyma and are often associated with multiorgan injuries [3]. Penetrating injury contributes to direct disruption of the parenchyma, collecting system, or vascular pedicle tissues.

scholarly journals Surgery in Hypertensive Intracerebral Haematoma (ICH) Study of 49 Cases

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-128
Author(s):  
M Lutfor Rahman ◽  
M Shafiqul Islam ◽  
M Intekhab Alab ◽  
AKM Mohiuddin ◽  
M Abdul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Intracerebral Haematoma ◽  
Activity Of Daily Living ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Pontine Haemorrhage ◽  
Male To Female ◽  
Severe Type ◽  
Cerebral Haematoma

Surgery in hypertensive intra cerebral haematoma are still controversial. We treated 49 cases of intracerebral haematoma surgically from January 1995 to December 2005. Hypertensive haematomas are- putaminal, thalamic, cerebellar, pontine haemorrhage and subcortical. These haematomas are mild, moderate and severe type. We operated ICH, where the diameters of haematomas were more than 3cm. Outcome was assessed on basis of activity of daily living (ADL). Male to female ratio was 5:2, Patients age ranged 45 to 72 years. All patients presented with unconscious or semiconscious stage, 100% patients had CT scan of brain. In this study of 49 cases 20(40.82%) had ADL II, 24 (45.82%) had ADL III, 1 (2.4%) had ADL IV. Death occurred in 04 (8.16%) cases. doi: 10.3329/taj.v20i2.3073 TAJ 2007; 20(2): 127-128

scholarly journals Usefulness of CT Scan and MRI for the Detection and Evaluation of Brain Tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
D. Saraswathi ◽  
G. Srirama Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Male To Female

Background: Intracranial tumors can arise from various locations in the brain parenchyma. Computed tomography scan (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are important modalities for diagnosis of intracranial tumors. The aim of the study is to study the usefulness of CT scan and MRI for the detection and evaluation of brain tumors. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective cross sectional study comprising of 95 patients diagnosed with brain tumors clinically. CT scan was done in all the patients and MRI was done in 45 patients. Findings were correlated with histopathology. Results: In the present study, age group distribution included from 20 years to more than 50 years.In the present study males were predominant and the male to female ratio was 1.3:1. All the cases, (100%) presented with seizures, followed by headache, hemiparesis and vomiting. Conclusion: CT scan and MRI imaging modalities are of utmost importance in diagnosing brain tumors. Early diagnosis is important and the imaging guides the neurosurgeon regarding appropriate surgical approach.

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