scholarly journals SEROPREVALENCE OF Toxoplasma gondii (Nicole & Manceaux, 1909) AND RETROVIRAL STATUS OF CLIENT-OWNED PET CATS (Felis catus, Linnaeus, 1758) IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethânia Ferreira Bastos ◽  
Beatriz Brener ◽  
Liza Gershony ◽  
Liliane Willi ◽  
Norma Labarthe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Retroviral Infection ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Retroviral Infections

Cats, as definitive host, play an important role in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii. This study aimed to establish the seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii immunoglobulins G and M, and determine the frequency of oocysts in the feces of the domestic cat population in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We also aimed to study the association between T. gondii infection and age, sex, breed, lifestyle, diet and retroviral infection. A total of 108 cats were included in the study and fecal samples of 54 of those cats were obtained. Only 5.6% of the cats were seropositive for anti-T. gondii immunoglobulins using the indirect hemagglutination test. None of the 54 cats presented oocysts in their fecal samples. Although not statistically significant, males, mixed-breed, free-roaming and cats aged two years and older were found to be more exposed. Age, lifestyle and the use of litter boxes were found to play an important role as risk factors. Anemia and retroviral infections were independent of T. gondii infection. No antibodies were detected in the majority of cats (94.4%), indicating that those cats had never been exposed to the parasite and, therefore, once infected, they could present the risk of shedding large numbers of oocysts into the environment.

scholarly journals Indirect Hemagglutination Test for Detection of Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in Venezuelan felids

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel Cañizales
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination Test

Abstract Current knowledge of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Venezuelan ecosystems is limited. T. gondii is a ubiquitous intracellular protozoan parasite. Mammals and birds are intermediate hosts and felid species are definitive hosts. In most human altered habitats, the domestic cat is the predominant definitive host. Cats are important in the epidemiology of T. gondii infection because they are the only hosts that can excrete the environmentally resistant oocysts. Other carnivores can be infected by the consumption of tissue cysts when feeding on infected animals and by incidental ingestion of oocysts from environmental contamination. This study aimed to quantify the values of antibodies for T. gondii in blood serum of some felids species by means of the technique of Indirect Hemoagglutination. In the present study, seropositivity of T. gondii was determined in serum of 35 animals (22 stray cats and 13 wild cats) from Venezuela, South America. Antibodies to T. gondii were assayed by the indirect hemagglutination test and found in 21 of 22 (95.45 %) stray catstiters of 1:64 in four, 1:128 in four, 1:256 in one, 1:512 in one, 1:1024 in three, and 1:2048 or higher in eight. In 4 of 6 (66.67 %) ocelots titers of 1:64 in one, 1:256 in one, 1:1024 in one, and one with titers 1:2048. In 3 of 4 (75.00 %) jaguars titers of 1:512 in one, and two with titers 1:2048. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a statistically significant difference between species (H = 6.983, p = 0.03).

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii: infection among shelter and stray cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pâmela Figueiredo Pereira ◽  
Alynne da Silva Barbosa ◽  
Ana Leticia Carvalho Santos ◽  
Paula Forain Bolais ◽  
Marie-Laure Dardé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hemagglutination Assay ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Serological Status ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
The City

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify possible infection of Toxoplasma gondii among cats in a shelter and a set of condominiums in the city of Rio de Janeiro, through changes to the cats’ serological status between two different times in 2014 and 2015. One group was made up of captive cats at the municipal shelter and the other comprised stray cats that circulated in condominiums in the city. On the first occasion, cats were caught and tagged through application of microchips; in this manner, blood samples were obtained from 261 captive cats and 172 stray cats. On the second occasion, blood samples were obtained from 94 captive cats and 56 recaptured stray cats. The serological diagnosis was made by means of the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescence reaction (IFAT) (cutoff ≥ 64). The frequency of T. gondii infection among the captive cats was 24.5% and among the stray cats, 18%. With the second analysis, it was possible to verify modifications to the serological status of anti-T. gondii antibodies, in 18% of both populations of animals. The presence of seroconversion shows that infection was possibly occurring in the region at the time of the study.

scholarly journals Detection and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in feces of domestic cats in Colombia

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Zamora-Vélez ◽  
Jessica Triviño ◽  
Sebastián Cuadrado-Ríos ◽  
Fabiana Lora-Suarez ◽  
Jorge Enrique Gómez-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
High Density ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The City

The high prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the human population in Colombia has been linked to the existence of a high density of urban stray cats, exposing the whole population to a high density of oocysts. The goal of this study was to determine the DNA prevalence of T. gondii by conventional PCR and to phylogenetically analyze ROP18 sequences from positive samples in domestic cat (Felis catus) fecal samples in the city of Armenia, Quindío. Fecal samples from 140 cats were collected from 10 districts around the city. Samples were concentrated using Ritchie’s method and analyzed through optical microscopy. Concentrates were used for DNA extraction followed by nested PCR amplification for T. gondii gene B1. PCR for ROP18 was performed on all B1 positive samples; the ROP18 sequences obtained were related to the Archetype I Brazilian and Chinese strains. No oocysts were detected by optical microscopy; however, 17.8% (25/140) B1 and 24% (6/25) ROP18 PCR-positive samples were detected. Phylogenetic analyses showed that isolates clustered into a single group. We assessed whether associations existed between T. gondii positive fecal samples and survey variables such as cat healthcare and socioeconomic characteristics of owners, but no statistically significant associations were found. The presence of T. gondii in cat feces is an important factor contributing to the high prevalence in the human population of this city.

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pet dogs in Wuhan, Huazhong of China

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Li ◽  
Rongrong Li ◽  
Jiakui Li
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Present study was an epidemiological survey for seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in pet dogs (n= 279) in Wuhan, Huazhong area of China, using indirect hemagglutination test (IHA). Overall seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in this area was 13.3 per cent. The prevalence in males and females was 13.4 and 13.0%, there was no significant difference (P<sup>3</sup>0.05) between the genders. The prevalence of T. gondii infection was 12.7, 14.0, 13.3 and 12.7% in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. There was a significant difference (Ply affect community health in this region. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the prevalence of T. gondii infection in pet dogs in Wuhan.

scholarly journals First record of Toxoplasma gondii in Chaetophractus villosus in Argentina

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta S. Kin ◽  
Marcelo Fort ◽  
Hugo D. Giménez ◽  
Emma B. Casanave
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
First Record ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Chaetophractus Villosus ◽  
Zoonotic Risk ◽  
Reproductive Disorder ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination Test

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes abortion and reproductive disorder in domestic animals. T. gondii is a common worldwide disease in homeothermic animals, including birds and humans. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in the armadillo Chaetophractus villosus in the province of La Pampa, Argentina. Serum samples were collected from 150 individuals (70 males and 80 females). For serological detection of T. gondii, a latex agglutination test was first performed and then positive sera were confirmed with an indirect hemagglutination test, using 1:4 to 1:64 dilutions. Results showed that 27% (41) of the samples presented titers for antibodies against T. gondii. There were not significant differences between the presence of antibodies against T. gondii and age or sexes of the armadillos. Results show that presence of T. gondii antibodies in armadillos were associated with presence of pigs, and sheep, however there was not association with chickens and dairy cattle in capture site. T. gondii has an important presence in C. villosus population, suggesting a potential zoonotic risk for humans and wildlife animals when C. villosus meats are consumed raw or undercooked. This is the first record of the presence of antibodies against T. gondii in C. villosus.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence ofToxoplasma gondiiInfection in Sows in Hunan Province, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Xu ◽  
Run-Cheng Li ◽  
Guo-Hua Liu ◽  
Wei Cong ◽  
Xiao-Xuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
High Seroprevalence ◽  
Subtropical China ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination Test ◽  
And Control

Toxoplasma gondiiinfections are prevalent in animals and humans worldwide. Although the prevalence ofT. gondiihas been reported in many animals in China, little is known ofT. gondiiinfection in sows. Antibodies toT. gondiiin sows in Hunan province, subtropical China, were examined using indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT). Overall, 31.3% (373/1191) of the examined sows were seropositive forT. gondii. Among 11 representative regions of Hunan province, the seroprevalence ranged from 14.8% to 45.1%. In addition, theT. gondiiseroprevalence was higher in summer (37.4%) and autumn (34.9%) than in spring (24.6%) and winter (23.9%). Regarding different antibody titers, the seroprevalence ranged from 1.8% (titer ≥ 1 : 1024) to 17.4% (titer = 1 : 64). The findings of the present investigation revealed the high seroprevalence ofT. gondiiin sows in Hunan province, China, which poses a potential risk forT. gondiiinfection in humans and animals in this province. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control toxoplasmosis of pigs in this province. This is the first report of the comprehensive survey ofT. gondiiseroprevalence in sows in Hunan Province, subtropical China.

scholarly journals Infection by Toxoplasma gondii in Neotropical non-human primates

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1041-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana S. Pires ◽  
Carlos T. Ribeiro ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Carvalho Filho ◽  
Alcides Pissinatti ◽  
Walter Flausino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
New World ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
New World Primates ◽  
Wild Felids ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Intracellular Protozoan Parasite

Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1909) is an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite of warm animals, including human and non-human primates. Domestic and wild felids are considered definitive hosts. Several authors have already identified lesions in New World primates caused by T. gondii. Nevertheless, little is known about serological studies on those animals. With this reason, New World non-human primates of the genera Cebus and Callithrix that were apprehended by governmental authorities and sent to the Wildlife Screening Center (Cetas)/IBAMA, at the municipality of Seropédica, state of Rio Janeiro, were bled and sera were submitted to the indirect hemagglutination test for detection of anti-T. gondii antibodies. From 21 sera of Cebus primates, 76.19% (16/21) had anti-T. gondii antibodies. Titles varied from 16 to 2048. In samples from 21 Callithrix, only 4.5% (1/22) had anti-T. gondii antibodies. Only one animal had a title of 32. During all the time those animals were clinical evaluated until sample was collected; none of them had any clinical sign or sequel related to infection by T. gondii. The fact that the origin of these primates is unknown and that there is no information about their feeding habits before captivity makes it difficult to determine the source of T. gondii infection.

scholarly journals Presence of atypical genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from cats in the state of Bahia, Northeast of Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0253630
Author(s):  
Ana Graziela de Jesus Deiró ◽  
Danielle Paschoal do Prado ◽  
Iuri Prates Sousa ◽  
Daniele de Santana Rocha ◽  
Rodrigo Alves Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
The State ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination ◽  
Indirect Hemagglutination Test ◽  
Dna Fragment ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In this study, 20 blood, heart, and brain samples were collected from euthanized cats at the Zoonosis Control Centers and Veterinary Clinics in the state of Bahia, Brazil. The sera were examined for anti-T. gondii antibodies using the indirect hemagglutination test. The brains and hearts of seven seropositive cats were ground, and peptide digestion was performed for bioassay in mice. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated in 5/7 (71.42%) of seropositive cats. In these isolates, the parasite was genotyped using the Polymerase chain reaction, associated with the DNA fragment polymorphism obtained by restriction enzyme PCR-RFLP technique with 11 markers (SAG1, 5’-SAG2, 3’-SAG2, alt. SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1, Apico, and CS3) and 15 microsatellite markers (TUB-2, W35, TgM-A, B18, B17, M33, IV.1, XI.1, M48, M102, N60, N82, AA, N61, N83). The analysis of the isolates by PCR-RFLP revealed five distinct genotypes. Three of these genotypes have never been reported before; one corresponded to the TgDgCo13 genotype, and one incomplete genotype. In genotyping analysis using microsatellite markers, it was observed that the isolates showed atypical alleles in the typing and fingerprint markers. This revealed five atypical genotypes. The typing marker B17 showed the highest degree of atypia. This study is the first to report the genotyping of T. gondii obtained from naturally infected cats in Bahia, Northeast Brazil. The genotypes found in this study were different from those found in other studies conducted in Bahia, which included different species of animals. None of the clonal lineages I, II, or III were found. This study demonstrates the diversity of T. gondii in the study region, with the presence of unusual genotypes, reaffirming the genetic variability of the parasite in Brazil.

Pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in an outbreak of systemic toxoplasmosis in a mob of red kangaroos

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872110018
Author(s):  
Mariano Carossino ◽  
Rudy Bauer ◽  
Mark A. Mitchell ◽  
Charles O. Cummings ◽  
Anke C. Stöhr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Macropus Rufus ◽  
Pulmonary Parenchyma ◽  
Protozoan Pathogen ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic protozoan pathogen that infects many endothermic vertebrates, including humans; the domestic cat and other felids serve as the definitive host. Macropodids are considered highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis. Here, we describe the clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical findings of an outbreak of systemic toxoplasmosis in a mob of 11 red kangaroos ( Macropus rufus), with high morbidity (73%) and mortality (100%) rates. Affected animals had either severe and rapidly deteriorating clinical conditions or sudden death, which was correlated with widespread necrotizing lesions in multiple organs and intralesional T. gondii organisms identified via MIC3-specific immunohistochemistry and confirmed by REP529-specific rtPCR. Quantification of parasites demonstrated the highest parasite density in pulmonary parenchyma compared with other tissues. Our study highlights the continued importance of this severe condition in Australian marsupials.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus and Toxoplasma gondii in Feral Cats on St. Kitts, West Indies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Xinyu Chi ◽  
Kexin Fang ◽  
Liza Koster ◽  
Jevan Christie ◽  
Chaoqun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
One Year

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a cosmopolitan protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded species including humans. The definitive hosts of T. gondii are felid vertebrates including the domestic cat. Domestic cats shed oocysts for approximately two weeks in their feces after the primary infection. It has been shown that feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) positive cats have a higher prevalence of and a higher titer of antibodies to T. gondii than those of FIV-negative cats. The main purposes of this study were to determine FIV prevalence and to investigate the oocysts shedding in FIV-positive and FIV-negative feral cats on St. Kitts. Fecal samples were collected from feral cats while their FIV statues were determined using a commercial SNAP kit. Total fecal DNA of each cat was tested for the presence of T. gondii DNA using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) consistently detecting one genome equivalent. A FIV-positive status was detected in 18 of 105 (17.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 9.9%−24.3%) feral cats sampled. Furthermore, males were three times more likely to be FIV positive than females (p = 0.017) with an odds ratio of 3.93 (95% CI: 1.20–12.89). Adults were found to have at least twice the prevalence of FIV compared to cats younger than one year of age (p = 0.056) with an odds ratio of 3.07 (95% CI: 0.94–10.00). Toxoplasma gondii DNA was not detected in the feces of any of the 18 FIV-positive (95% CI: 0%−0.18%) and 87 FIV-negative cats (95% CI: 0%−0.04%). A follow-up study with a much bigger sample size is needed to prove or disprove the hypothesis that FIV-positive cats have a higher prevalence of shedding T. gondii oocysts than FIV-negative cats.

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