Synchaeta jollyae (Shiel & Koste) (Rotifera, Synchaetidae): an overlooked species or a newcomer in Neotropical freshwaters?

Populations of Synchaeta jollyae (Shiel & Koste, 1993) (Rotifera), a species recently recorded for the first time in Brazil and South America, were analyzed in reservoirs in Southeast Brazil. Sampling was carried out monthly from August 2006 to July 2007 at Furnas Reservoir in the Rio Grande basin, state of Minas Gerais, and in four cascade reservoirs in the Tietê River basin (Barra Bonita, Bariri, Ibitinga and Nova Avanhandava) state of São Paulo, in June and September 2008 and in January and May 2009. Synchaeta jollyae occurred in most samples and periods. From the results obtained it is evident that S. jollyae occurs in water bodies of varied trophic status but reaches larger populations in eutrophic water bodies and during lower temperature periods. The greatest densities of S. jollyae were found in the eutrophic Bariri Reservoir, on the Tietê River, during the winter. Mann-Whitney test confirmed the significant difference between the population densities in periods of high and low temperatures, with populations reaching higher densities at lower temperatures. It is not yet possible to tell whether S. jollyae is a widely distributed species that has been overlooked in previous plankton studies in South America. Wherever these populations of S. jollyae might have originated, it appears to be a species well established and adapted to a wide range of conditions in the Neotropics.

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Variation in the material properties by nickel substitution in copper tellurate

10.21203/rs.3.rs-28567/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sudarshana Dhanarath Mardolkar ◽

A. V. Salker

Keyword(s):

Visible Region ◽

Photoluminescence Property ◽

Precipitation Method ◽

Magnetic Studies ◽

Dielectric Parameters ◽

Chemical Route ◽

Wide Range ◽

Lower Temperature ◽

Co Precipitation ◽

First Time

Abstract A series of pristine and nickel doped copper tellurates possessing a wide range of applications are studied here. Use of a simple wet chemical route that is co-precipitation method has been employed for the first time, which involves the formation of desired compounds at a relatively lower temperature, thus modifying their properties. All the prepared compounds are characterized and investigated by XRD, TG – DTA, XPS, SEM, TEM to examine their phase purity, thermal stability, chemical state, and microstructural properties. The electrical resistivity studies showed an insulator - semiconductor transition behavior. Magnetic studies revealed the paramagnetic nature of the material. Antiferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition was observed at T N ~ 60 K in case of Cu 2.7 Ni 0.3 TeO 6 sample. Thermoelectric studies indicated a change in conduction mechanism with temperature. Dielectric properties with respect to frequency showed an increase in dielectric parameters with increasing dopant content. Photoluminescence property has been studied and found to show emission in the visible region.

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I walk, therefore I am: a multidimensional study on the influence of the locomotion method upon presence in virtual reality

Journal of Computational Design and Engineering ◽

10.1093/jcde/qwaa040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 577-590

Author(s):

José L Soler-Domínguez ◽

Carla de Juan ◽

Manuel Contero ◽

Mariano Alcañiz

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Electrodermal Activity ◽

Objective Measure ◽

Sense Of Presence ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Head Bobbing ◽

Controversial Topic ◽

Being There ◽

First Time

Abstract A defining virtual reality (VR) metric is the sense of presence, a complex, multidimensional psychophysical construct that represents how intense is the sensation of actually being there, inside the virtual environment (VE), forgetting how technology mediates the experience. Our paper explores how locomotion influences presence, studying two different ways of artificial movement along the VE: walking-in-place (through head bobbing detection) and indirect walking (through touchpad). To evaluate that influence, a narrative-neutral maze was created, from where 41 participants (N=41) had to escape. Measuring presence is a controversial topic since there is not a single, objective measure but a wide range of metrics depending on the different theoretical basis. For this reason, we have used for the first time, representative metrics from all three traditional dimensions of presence: subjective presence (SP) (self-reported through questionnaires), behavioral presence (BP) (obtained from unconscious reactions while inside the VE), and physiological presence (PP) [usually measured using heart rate or electrodermal activity (EDA)]. SP was measured with the ITC-SOPI questionnaire, BP by collecting the participants’ reactions, and PP by using a bracelet that registered EDA. The results show two main findings: (i) There is no correlation between the different presence metrics. This opens the door to a simpler way of measuring presence in an objective, reliable way. (ii) There is no significant difference between the two locomotion techniques for any of the three metrics, which shows that the authenticity of VR does not rely on how you move within the VE.

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Fish occurrence in the middle Volga and upper Don regions (Russia)

Biodiversity Data Journal ◽

10.3897/bdj.8.e54959 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Oleg Artaev ◽

Alexander Ruchin ◽

Victor Ivanchev ◽

Elena Ivancheva ◽

Vladimir Sarychev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Global Analysis ◽

European Part ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Study Region ◽

Small Water ◽

Wide Range ◽

European Part Of Russia ◽

Middle Volga ◽

Significant Addition ◽

First Time

In ichthyological publications from both Russia as a whole, and from the study region, lack of data indicating the actual results of observations in a specific place all result in publication of a generalised analysis. Although our publications contain such data, they are, however, not convenient for users performing global analysis. The main purpose of publishing a database is to make our data available in the global biodiversity system to a wide range of users. Dataset represents a significant addition to the distribution of species in this area. The data can be used to analyse future changes in ichthyofauna, as well as to help the authorities to manage their territory more efficiently. This publication describes a dataset that contains information on fish encounters in the Upper Don basin and the middle Volga (centre of the European part of Russia) over a 30-year period (1990-2020). The dataset contains information on 6400 occurrences of 394341 specimens of 56 species, 99.9% of specimens being identified to the species level. A total of 883 sites were studied, of which 253 were in lentic biotopes (lakes - 121, ponds - 123, backwater - 5, reservoir - 3, pit - 1), 630 were in lotic (rivers - 628, stream - 1, channel - 1). One collecting site has an average of 7.2 species (from 1-21 species per location). Only those species that form self-reproducing populations are given. The dataset is a compilation of data from several working author groups. All observations have precise geo-referencing with the names of water bodies (rivers, lakes etc.). All presented data are published in the form of a database for the first time. Some data form the basis of previously-published works (3998 observations, 62%) and some are published for the first time (2402 observations, 38%). A large amount of data comes from small water bodies that have been neglected by previous researchers.

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Algal Diversity and Water Quality Assessment During Summer in Some Suburban Water Bodies of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment ◽

10.21756/cab.v2i02.10815 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Chitralekha Nag Dasgupta ◽

Kiran Toppo ◽

Sanjeeva Nayaka ◽

Atul Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Algal Species ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Late Summer ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Freshwater Algae ◽

Wide Range ◽

First Time

Freshwater algae can tolerate wide range of environmental stress and grow naturally in mixed communities. In the present study diversity of algae has been studied in some suburban water bodies near Lucknow, which revealed the occurrence of 32 genera and 40 taxa under four phyla - Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Bacillariophyta and Euglenophyta. It is observed that heavy anthropogenic activities and low water level in late summer resulted in accumulation of pollutants which affected the algal species composition. The polluted water with high conductivity and total dissolved solids (TDS) showed the dominance of Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta whereas most of Chlorophyta and few Bacillariophyta were found in less polluted water with low conductivity and TDS. Taxa Centritractus belonophorus belonging to Xanthophyta is being reported for the first time from Uttar Pradesh. The study also recorded for the first time several algal taxa from these water bodies of Lucknow.

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Occurrence ofCryptosporidium hominisin cattle bordering the Lake Mburo National Park in Kiruhura district, Western Uganda

10.1101/562793 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Gift Witto ◽

Clovice Kankya ◽

Anne Kazibwe ◽

Gloria Akurut ◽

Sylvester Ochwo

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Fluorescent Microscopy ◽

Livestock Waste ◽

The Public ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Risk Source ◽

Western Uganda ◽

First Time ◽

Southwestern Uganda

AbstractBackgroundCryptosporidiumis an emerging opportunistic zoonotic pathogen that causes diarrheal illness in a wide range of hosts including livestock and humans. Globally there is exponential increase in livestock production to meet the worlds’ demand for animal protein as well as for financial reasons. However, there is raised concern of the public health threat due to contamination of the environment by livestock waste carrying zoonotic pathogens such asCryptosporidium. This study set out to establish the prevalence ofCryptosporidiumas well as the circulating genotypes in order to elucidate the potential role of cattle in the spread of human cryptosporidiosis. We collected rectal coprological samples from 363 cattle in 11 households in Kiruhura district, Southwestern Uganda. The samples were screened for presence ofCryptosporidiumoocysts using the phenol auramine staining method followed by fluorescent microscopy. DNA was then extracted from the microscopy positive samples and the COWP gene amplified using PCR. Amplified gene products were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis.ResultsThe overall animal level prevalence ofCryptosporidiumwas 7.7% (95% CI: 5.1-10.9), and herd level prevalence was 33.3% (95% CI: 18.5-52.2). We found a statistically significant difference (p=0.02) between infection in bulls as compared to cows. There was however no significant difference in the prevalence among the different cattle breeds sampled, with the following prevalence’s observed in Crosses 9.2%, Ankole 5.7%, Friesian 7.1%, and Boran 2.8% respectively. The COWP gene was successfully amplified from 20 of the 28 microscopy positive samples. All the sequenced DNA amplicons were confirmed to beC. hominis, with 98%-100% identity to sequences in the GenBank.C. hominiswas the only genotype isolated from this study, further asserting that cattle could be a potential high risk source of human cryptosporidiosis.ConclusionThis study represents the first time naturally occurringC. hominishas been isolated from cattle in Uganda. This further provides evidence of cattle possibly being biological reservoirs forC. hominisand cattle could be a potential high risk source of human cryptosporidiosis.

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Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Ancylidae, Gundlachia radiata (Guilding, 1828): first record of occurrence for the northwestern region of Argentina

Check List ◽

10.15560/7.3.263 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 263 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ximena Maria Constanza Ovando ◽

Luiz Eduardo Macedo de Lacerda ◽

Sonia Barbosa dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

South America ◽

First Record ◽

Water Bodies ◽

First Report ◽

Distributional Range ◽

Temporary Water Bodies ◽

Temporary Water ◽

Northwestern Region ◽

First Time

In the present paper we report for the first time the presence of Gundlachia radiata (Guilding, 1828), in northwestern region (Jujuy province), Argentina. Adult and juveniles specimens of this freshwater limpet were collected in two temporary water bodies. This record represents the first report of this species in Argentina but also is the southernmost point of occurrence of G. radiata in South America. As a result, the distributional range of this species is increased and the species richness of Ancylidae in Argentina is incremented to a total of seven species classified in four genera.

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Algal Diversity and Water Quality Assessment During Summer in Some Suburban Water Bodies of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

Cryptogam Biodiversity and Assessment ◽

10.21756/cab.v2i02.11115 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Chitralekha Nag Dasgupta ◽

Kiran Toppo ◽

Sanjeeva Nayaka ◽

Atul Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Algal Species ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Late Summer ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Freshwater Algae ◽

Wide Range ◽

First Time

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Distribution and biological aspects of the introduced speciesMoina macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Crustacea, Cladocera) in the semi-arid central region of Argentina

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/s1676-06032013000300011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 86-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alicia María Vignatti ◽

Gabriela Cecilia Cabrera ◽

Santiago Andrés Echaniz

Keyword(s):

High Salinity ◽

Environmental Parameters ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Old World ◽

Original Distribution ◽

Eutrophic Water ◽

Wide Range ◽

Temporary Water ◽

Biological Aspects

Moina macrocopa is common in eutrophic water bodies. Two subspecies have been described: M. macrocopa macrocopa (Straus, 1820), whose original distribution was restricted to the Old World, and M. macrocopa americanaGoulden, 1968, recorded only in North America. In 1994, the species was found in Bolivia, and in 1997 it was found in the northeast of Argentina. As the specimens belonged to M. macrocopa macrocopa in both cases, the authors suggested that it may have been introduced from the Old World by anthropogenic means. The aim of this study was to assess the distribution of M. macrocopa in La Pampa (Argentina), and provide information on its population characteristics under natural conditions. The species was recorded in six out of more than 100 water bodies surveyed; the specimens belong to M. macrocopa macrocopa. Although this species is not considered halophilic, the water bodies where it was found present high salinity (5.7 to 21.8 g.L–1). All are shallow, temporary and hypertrophic due to the agricultural activities carried out in their basins. Densities were between 1 and 312.6 ind.L–1. Size varied between 0.6 and 1.8 mm and some specimens were larger than those of other places. The parthenogenetic fraction predominated and the number of eggs ranged between 2 and 23. No correlations were found between density, size, or number of eggs and the environmental parameters studied. The presence of M. macrocopa in Pampean lakes could be due to the introduction of fish from hatcheries in the province of Buenos Aires, where it is used as food. Considering that the invasive character ofM. macrocopa has been recognized and that this study found that it is tolerant to a wide range of environmental conditions, attention should be paid to a possible displacement of its native congeneric species, typical of saline and temporary water bodies in central Argentina.

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Diversity and Integration in Private International Law

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474447850.001.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

International Law ◽

Value Systems ◽

Private International Law ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Cross Border ◽

Wide Range ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

And Shifts ◽

Substantive Law

This book opens a cross-regional dialogue and shifts the Eurocentric discussion on diversity and integration to a more inclusive engagement with South America in private international law issues. It promotes a contemporary vision of private international law as a discipline enabling legal interconnectivity, with the potential to transcend its disciplinary boundaries to further promote the reality of cross-border integration, with its focus on the ever-increasing cross-border mobility of individuals. Private international law embraces legal diversity and pluralism. Different legal traditions continue to meet, interact and integrate in different forms, at the national, regional and international levels. Different systems of substantive law couple with divergent systems of private international law (designed to accommodate the former in cross-border situations). This complex legal landscape impacts individuals and families in cross-border scenarios, and international commerce broadly conceived. Private international law methodologies and techniques offer means for the coordination of this constellation of legal orders and value systems in cross-border situations. Bringing together world-renowned academics and experienced private international lawyers from a wide range of jurisdictions in Europe and South America, this edited collection focuses on the connective capabilities of private international law in bridging and balancing legal diversity as a corollary for the development of integration. The book provides in-depth analysis of the role of private international law in dealing with legal diversity across a diverse range of topics and jurisdictions.

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