scholarly journals Virological study of a dengue type 1 epidemic at Rio de Janeiro

1988 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Maria R. Nogueira ◽  
Hermann G. Schatzmayr ◽  
Marize P. Miagostovich ◽  
Maria de Fátima D. B. Farias ◽  
José da Costa Farias Filho
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Cytopathic Effect ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Virological Study ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Virus Strains

A dengue outbreak started in March, 1986 in Rio de Janeiro and spread very rapidly to other parts of the country. The great majority of cases presented classical dengue fever but there was one fatal case, confirmed by virus isolation. Dengue type 1 strains were isolated from patients and vectors (Aedes aegypti) in the area by cultivation in A. albopictus C6/36 cell line. The cytopathic effect (CPE) was studied by electron microscopy. An IgM capture test (MAC-ELISA) was applied with clear and reproducible results for diagnosis and evaluation of virus circulation; IgM antibodies appeared soon after start of clinical disease, and persisted for about 90 days in most patients. The test was type-specific in about 50% of the patients but high levels of heterologous response for type 3 were observed. An overall isolation rate of 46,8% (813 virus strains out of 1734 specimens) was recorded. The IgM test increased the number of confirmed cases to 58,2% (1479 out of 2451 suspected cases). The importance of laboratory diagnosis in all regions where the vectors are present is emphasized.

scholarly journals Extralaryngeal Terminal Division of the Inferior Laryngeal Nerve: Anatomical Classification by a Surgical Point of View

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emin Gurleyik
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Inferior Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Classification ◽  
Type 3

Background. Complete anatomic knowledge including all variations of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN) is mandatory for thyroid surgeon. Extralaryngeal terminal division (ETD) of the ILN has significant importance for the safety of thyroidectomy.Material and Methods. Surgical dissection of 200 ILNs was performed on 100 cases. The presence of ETD of the nerve was determined intraoperatively. We propose by a surgical point of view a regional (segmental) classification of ETD of the ILN along its cervical course.Results. ETD has been observed in 54/200 nerves (27%). Great majority are bifurcated nerves (trifurcation 2%). Four types of ETD are classified. In type 1 (arterial; 46.3%), ETD has occurred near inferior thyroid artery (ITA). In type 2 (postarterial; 31.5%), division has been found on postarterial segment. In type 3 (prelaryngeal; 11%), division has been located very close to laryngeal entry point. In type 4 (prearterial; 11%), ETD has occurred before the nerve crossing the ITA.Conclusions. ETD of the ILN is a common anatomical variation. The bifurcation occurs in the ILN at various distances from laryngeal entry point. The classification increasing surgeons’ awareness may help to simplify identification and exposure of terminal branches. Preservation of both extralaryngeal terminal branches of the ILN has paramount importance for the safety of thyroid operations.

scholarly journals Characterization of an infectious cDNA copy of the genome of a naturally occurring, avirulent coxsackievirus B3 clinical isolate

2005 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-K. Lee ◽  
K. Kono ◽  
E. Haas ◽  
K.-S. Kim ◽  
K. M. Drescher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Cdna Copy ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pathogenic Virus ◽  
Phenotype Comparison ◽  
Group B ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Virus Strains

Group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) cause numerous diseases, including myocarditis, pancreatitis, aseptic meningitis and possibly type 1 diabetes. To date, infectious cDNA copies of CVB type 3 (CVB3) genomes have all been derived from pathogenic virus strains. An infectious cDNA copy of the well-characterized, non-pathogenic CVB3 strain GA genome was cloned in order to facilitate mapping of the CVB genes that influence expression of a virulence phenotype. Comparison of the sequence of the parental CVB3/GA population, derived by direct RT-PCR-mediated sequence analysis, to that of the infectious CVB3/GA progeny genome demonstrated that an authentic copy was cloned; numerous differences were observed in coding and non-coding sequences relative to other CVB3 strains. Progeny CVB3/GA replicated similarly to the parental strain in three different cell cultures and was avirulent when inoculated into mice, causing neither pancreatitis nor myocarditis. Inoculation of mice with CVB3/GA protected mice completely against myocarditis and pancreatitis induced by cardiovirulent CVB3 challenge. The secondary structure predicted for the CVB3/GA domain II, a region within the 5′ non-translated region that is implicated as a key site affecting the expression of a cardiovirulent phenotype, differs from those predicted for cardiovirulent and pancreovirulent CVB3 strains. This is the first report characterizing a cloned CVB3 genome from an avirulent strain.

scholarly journals Fatal and mild primary dengue virus infections imported to Norway from Africa and south-east Asia, 2008-2010

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Vainio ◽  
S Noraas ◽  
M Holmberg ◽  
H Fremstad ◽  
M Wahlstrøm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Fatal Case ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Dengue Shock Syndrome ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Type 3

Between 2008 and 2010, eight cases of viraemic dengue fever in travellers were diagnosed in Norway. They had returned from Eritrea, Thailand and Indonesia. All cases were primary dengue infections, seven non-complicated dengue fever and one dengue shock syndrome with a fatal outcome. Four patients were infected with dengue virus serotype 1, one with type 2 and three with type 3. Two cases from Thailand, the fatal case and the two imported from Eritrea were infected with type 1.

POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS LABORATORY STUDIES. IV. ANTIGENIC TYPING OF VIRUS STRAINS IN MONKEYS AND IN TISSUE CULTURES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Cytopathogenic Effect ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
A Direct Method ◽  
Virus Strains

Three strains of poliomyelitis virus isolated from Eskimos infected in the outbreak of poliomyelitis occurring at Chesterfield Inlet, N.W.T., in February 1949 have been typed. This typing has been carried out in monkeys and in tissue cultures. Typing was carried out by preparing in rhesus monkeys antiserum to the Eskimo strains and testing these for capacity to neutralize a fixed dose of the Brunhilde (Type 1) and Leon (Type 3) strains on thalamic inoculation of monkeys, and of the Lansing (Type 2) strain on cerebral injection of mice. Antisera prepared against Strains E3-56 and E3-227 completely neutralized Brunhilde virus, as shown on thalamic inoculation of virus-serum mixtures in groups of five monkeys. In contrast, these sera did not neutralize Leon virus. Tests carried out in mice showed that antisera to these Eskimo strains failed to neutralize Lansing virus. It was concluded therefore that Eskimo Strains E3-56 and E3-227 belong to Type 1. The same two sera were tested for their capacity to inhibit the cytopathogenic effect induced in roller-tube cultures of monkey testis by representative strains of the three types (Brunhilde, Y-SK, and Saukett). The two Eskimo sera inhibited the cytopathogenic effect induced by the Brunhilde strain but not the changes induced by the Y-SK and Saukett strains, confirming that the corresponding Eskimo viruses belonged to Type 1. Eskimo Strains E3-79 and E3-227 have also been typed in tissue cultures by a direct method; in this method antisera to the three prototype viruses were tested for capacity to inhibit the cytopathogenic effect induced by the Eskimo strains. Results of this test were in agreement, the Eskimo strains belonging to Type 1. Two strains of virus isolated from the Chesterfield Inlet outbreak have previously been typed by U.S. investigators, by techniques involving the use of monkeys. A total of five strains isolated from this epidemic have therefore been typed, and all have been found to belong to Type 1. This study illustrates that the typing of poliomyelitis strains can be carried out more rapidly and more economically in tissue culture than in monkeys.

scholarly journals Dengue epidemic in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: virological and epidemiological aspects

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marize P. Miagostovich ◽  
Rita M.R. Nogueira ◽  
Silvia M.B. Cavalcanti ◽  
Keyla B.F. Marzochi ◽  
Hermann G. Schatzmayr
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The State ◽  
Isolation Rate ◽  
Two Peaks ◽  
Dengue Epidemic

Laboratorial studies were carried out on 3178 patients with signs and symptoms suggestive of dengue infection from April 1986 to December 1987 in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The epidemic had two peaks following the first virus isolation and affected the inhabitants of 17 counties. Both sex and all age groups were affected. Dengue virus type 1 was isolated from 1039 sera and the number of confirmed cases was increased to 1874 (59%) by MAC-ELISA. Isolation rate confirmed cases reached 80% in the specimens obtained until the 4th day after the onset of disease and viraemia ranged from 10 3.0 to 10(8.5) TCID50/ml.

Resemblance to vWD Types and Laboratory Diagnosis of Obligatory Carriers of Type 3 von Willebrand Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. E21-E24
Author(s):  
Mehmet Akin ◽  
Deniz Yilmaz Karapinar ◽  
Can Balkan ◽  
Yilmaz Ay ◽  
Kaan Kavakli
Keyword(s):  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Severe Type

Objectives: It is important to diagnose obligatory carrier (OC) type 3 von Willebrand Disease (vWD) in countries, such as Turkey, where marriages between relatives is common. However, mild bleeding or no bleeding in such patients complicates the diagnosis of the disease. It is not clear how the diagnosis of OC type 3 vWD will be made based on FVIII:C (Factor VIII activity), vWF:Ag (von Willebrand factor antigen), vWF:RCo (von Willebrand factor ristocetin cofactor activity), and PFA (platelet function analyzer )-100 parameters. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate how OC type 3 vWD diagnoses may be established by studying laboratory phenotypes of close relatives of patients with diagnosed 3 vWD. Patients and Methods: 8 patients with type 3 vWD (index cases) and 20 patients who were defined as OCs type 3 vWD were enrolled into the study. Result: 10 cases had similarity with mild type VWD, 4 cases had similarity with moderate type 1 vWD, 4 other cases had type 1 or 2 vWD similarities, 1 case had similarity with severe type 1 vWD, and 1 case also had similarity with severe type 1 or type 2 vWD; regarding their laboratory phenotypic characteristics. Conclusion: we identified that OC type 3 vWD is similar specifically to type 1 vWD in terms of laboratory phenotypic character, and we suggest that it may be used with PFA-100 as an easy and fast method in screening relatives.

FUNCTIONAL STATUS AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL IN FOREIGN STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEGETATIVE REGULATION DURING TUITION

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
A.M. Satarkulova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Adaptive Abilities

The assessment and dynamic control over students’ status is a very important task. It allows timely detection of prenosological status prior to pathology and health maintenance in students. The objective of the paper is to assess the adaptive abilities of the body, to analyze changes in heart rate variability indicators in students with various types of autonomic regulation, to identify prenosological status and precursory pathological symptoms. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 302 students from India, aged 21.54±1.43. Programming complex «Psychophysiologist» was used to register the main HRV parameters within 5 minutes. Health status was evaluated according to the index of functional changes and the scale of functional states. Results. N.I. Shlyk (2009) distinguished two groups of students with different types of autonomic regulation: type 1 (53 %) with moderate and type 2 (5 %) with marked characteristics of central regulation profile, type 3 (35 %) with moderate and type 4 (7 %) with marked characteristics of autonomous regulation profile. Main parameters of HRV and adaptation potential were defined for each student.All the parameters characterized functional and health status. Conclusions. It was shown that 82 % of trial subjects (type 1), 53 % (type 2), 94 % (type 3) and 95 % (type 4) demonstrated satisfactory adaptation and their physiological processes were at an optimal level. 18 % of students (type 1) demonstrated reduced adaptive abilities of the body. Moreover, they were under moderate stress. 47 % of subjects (type 2) were also under a significant stress, which was proven by excessively high SI, low SDNN and TP, and an increased index of functional changes. 5 % of students (type 4) revealed dysfunctional characteristics in the heart rhythm, peculiar to pathology. Keywords: foreign students, heart rate variability, types of autonomic regulation, adaptation potential, functional status. Оценка состояния студентов и динамический контроль за ним является важной задачей, поскольку позволяет своевременно выявлять у студентов донозологические состояния, предшествующие патологии, и способствовать сохранению здоровья. Цель. Оценка адаптивных возможностей организма, анализ изменений показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма у студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции, выявление донозологических состояний и ранних признаков патологии. Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовало 302 студента в возрасте 21,54+1,43 года из Индии. Регистрировались основные параметры ВСР в течение 5 мин с использованием программно-аппаратного комплекса «Психофизиолог». Состояние и уровень здоровья оценивались по индексу функциональных изменений и шкале функциональных состояний. Результаты. По способу, предложенному Н.И. Шлык, выделены группы студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции: I (53 %) и II типы (5 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием центрального контура регуляции соответственно, III (35 %) и IV типы (7 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием автономного контура регуляции соответственно. У каждого из студентов определены основные параметры ВСР и адаптационного потенциала, характеризующие функциональное состояние и уровень здоровья. Выводы. Показано, что для 82 % обследуемых с I типом, 53 % со II типом, 94 % c III типом и 95 % с IV типом регуляции характерно состояние удовлетворительной адаптации, физиологические процессы сохраняются на оптимальном уровне. В группе студентов I типа у 18 % студентов адаптивные возможности организма снижены, выявлено состояние умеренного напряжения. У 47 % обследуемых II типа также зафиксировано состояние резко выраженного напряжения, индикатором которого является чрезмерно высокое значение SI, низкие величины SDNN и ТP, повышенное значение индекса функциональных изменений. В группе студентов с IV типом у 5 % учащихсяв регуляции ритма сердца выявлены дисфункциональные признаки, характерные для патологии. Ключевые слова: иностранные студенты, вариабельность сердечного ритма, типы вегетативной регуляции, адаптационный потенциал, функциональное состояние.

POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Type 3

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.

Toward Personalized Treatment for Patients with Low von Willebrand Factor and Quantitative von Willebrand Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
James S. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Personalized Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

AbstractThe biological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 and type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD) have been studied extensively. In contrast, although accounting for the majority of VWD cases, the pathobiology underlying partial quantitative VWD has remained somewhat elusive. However, important insights have been attained following several recent cohort studies that have investigated mechanisms in patients with type 1 VWD and low von Willebrand factor (VWF), respectively. These studies have demonstrated that reduced plasma VWF levels may result from either (1) decreased VWF biosynthesis and/or secretion in endothelial cells and (2) pathological increased VWF clearance. In addition, it has become clear that some patients with only mild to moderate reductions in plasma VWF levels in the 30 to 50 IU/dL range may have significant bleeding phenotypes. Importantly in these low VWF patients, bleeding risk fails to correlate with plasma VWF levels and inheritance is typically independent of the VWF gene. Although plasma VWF levels may increase to > 50 IU/dL with progressive aging or pregnancy in these subjects, emerging data suggest that this apparent normalization in VWF levels does not necessarily equate to a complete correction in bleeding phenotype in patients with partial quantitative VWD. In this review, these recent advances in our understanding of quantitative VWD pathogenesis are discussed. Furthermore, the translational implications of these emerging findings are considered, particularly with respect to designing personalized treatment plans for VWD patients undergoing elective procedures.

scholarly journals Circulation and Molecular Epidemiology of Enteroviruses in Paralyzed, Immunodeficient and Healthy Individuals in Tunisia, a Country with a Polio-Free Status for Decades

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Anissa Chouikha ◽  
Dorra Rezig ◽  
Nadia Driss ◽  
Ichrak Abdelkhalek ◽  
Ahlem Ben Yahia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Rate ◽  
Warning System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Type 3

This report is an overview of enterovirus (EV) detection in Tunisian polio-suspected paralytic cases (acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases), healthy contacts and patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) during an 11-year period. A total of 2735 clinical samples were analyzed for EV isolation and type identification, according to the recommended protocols of the World Health Organization. Three poliovirus (PV) serotypes and 28 different nonpolio enteroviruses (NPEVs) were detected. The NPEV detection rate was 4.3%, 2.8% and 12.4% in AFP cases, healthy contacts and PID patients, respectively. The predominant species was EV-B, and the circulation of viruses from species EV-A was noted since 2011. All PVs detected were of Sabin origin. The PV detection rate was higher in PID patients compared to AFP cases and contacts (6.8%, 1.5% and 1.3% respectively). PV2 was not detected since 2015. Using nucleotide sequencing of the entire VP1 region, 61 strains were characterized as Sabin-like. Among them, six strains of types 1 and 3 PV were identified as pre-vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). Five type 2 PV, four strains belonging to type 1 PV and two strains belonging to type 3 PV, were classified as iVDPVs. The data presented provide a comprehensive picture of EVs circulating in Tunisia over an 11-year period, reveal changes in their epidemiology as compared to previous studies and highlight the need to set up a warning system to avoid unnoticed PVs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document