scholarly journals Changes in a Rhodic Hapludox under no-tillage and urban waste compost in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1327-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moacir Tuzzin de Moraes ◽  
Vanderlei Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Maurício Roberto Cherubin ◽  
Reimar Carlesso ◽  
Henrique Debiasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Urban Waste ◽  
Growing Seasons

The use of urban waste compost as nutrient source in agriculture has been a subject of investigation in Brazil and elsewhere, although the effects on soil physical and chemical properties and processes are still poorly known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of application of urban waste compost and mineral fertilizer on soil aggregate stability and organic carbon and total nitrogen content of a Rhodic Hapludox under no-tillage in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 growing seasons. The experiment was arranged in a 2 × 6 (seasons and fertilization) factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The factor time consisted of two growing seasons (sunflower in 2009/10 and maize in 2010/11) and the factor fertilization of five rates of urban waste compost (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 m³ ha-1), and mineral fertilizer. Soil samples were collected from the 0.0-0.10 m layer to determine aggregate stability (mean weight and geometric diameter), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN). Rates of up to 75 m³ ha-1 of urban waste compost, after two years of application to no-tillage maize and sunflower, improved aggregation compared to mineral fertilization in a Rhodic Hapludox. After the second crop, the SOC and TN contents increased linearly with the levels of urban waste compost.

scholarly journals Water productivity and production function in irrigated millet crop

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 2837
Author(s):  
Rogério Ricalde Torres ◽  
Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽  
Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽  
Luis Humberto Bahú Ben ◽  
Wellington Mezzomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Determining the function that correlates water productivity with crop yield is essential for the correct sizing and management of irrigated agricultural systems. The objectives of this study are to determine forage production (FP) of millet at different irrigation levels and water productivity. Two experiments were conducted using millet crop sown in the 2014/2015 growing season in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, and in the 2015/2016 growing season in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. The experiments were carried out using a completely randomized block design with four repetitions and six irrigation regimes (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125% of reference evapotranspiration-ETo). Dry matter (DM) production of plants collected at 50, 80, 110, and 140 days after sowing and water productivity were determined. Irrigation had a significant effect on millet FP (kg DM ha-1) during the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 growing seasons after adjusting the quadratic equation. The maximum technical efficiency in the two growing seasons was reached at 125% of ETo, with FP of 15,494.47 kg ha-1 and 14,779.50 kg ha-1, respectively. Water productivity was not significantly different between treatments, yieldingan average of 1.86 kg DM m-3 and 1.69 kg DM m-3 in the two seasons, respectively. The curve of average FP estimated with the logistic equation accurately represents the total FP in the two seasons. Millet crop is susceptible to water deficits, and the irrigation regime of 125% ETo achieved the highest FP in both growing seasons. However, the adopted irrigation regimes did not significantly affect water productivity.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Soil Organic Carbon and Labile Carbon Fractions in Soil Aggregates Affected by Different Tillage Managements

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1541
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Shen ◽  
Lili Wang ◽  
Qichen Yang ◽  
Weiming Xiu ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Soil Aggregate ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Labile Carbon ◽  
Carbon Fractions ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Positive Effects

Our study aimed to provide a scientific basis for an appropriate tillage management of wheat-maize rotation system, which is beneficial to the sustainable development of agriculture in the fluvo-aquic soil areas in China. Four tillage treatments were investigated after maize harvest, including rotary tillage with straw returning (RT), deep ploughing with straw returning (DP), subsoiling with straw returning (SS), and no tillage with straw mulching (NT). We evaluated soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and particulate organic carbon (POC) in bulk soil and soil aggregates with five particle sizes (>5 mm, 5–2 mm, 2–1 mm, 1–0.25 mm, and <0.25 mm) under different tillage managements. Results showed that compared with RT treatment, NT treatment not only increased soil aggregate stability, but also enhanced SOC, DOC, and POC contents, especially those in large size macroaggregates. DP treatment also showed positive effects on soil aggregate stability and labile carbon fractions (DOC and POXC). Consequently, we suggest that no tillage or deep ploughing, rather than rotary tillage, could be better tillage management considering carbon storage. Meanwhile, we implied that mass fractal dimension (Dm) and POXC could be effective indicators of soil quality, as affected by tillage managements.

scholarly journals Tillage in Relation to Distribution of Nutrients and Organic Carbon in the Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Božena Šoltysová ◽  
Martin Danilovič
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
The Difference

Tillage in Relation to Distribution of Nutrients and Organic Carbon in the SoilChanges of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and soil organic carbon were observed on gleyic Fluvisols (locality Milhostov) at the following crops: grain maize (2005), spring barley (2006), winter wheat (2007), soya (2008), grain maize (2009). The experiment was realized at three soil tillage technologies: conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no-tillage. Soil samples were collected from three depths (0-0.15 m; 0.15-0.30 m; 0.30-0.45 m). The ratio of soil organic carbon to total nitrogen was also calculated.Soil tillage affects significantly the content of total nitrogen in soil. The difference between the convetional tillage and soil protective tillages was significant. The balance showed that the content of total nitrogen decreased at reduced tillage by 5.2 rel.%, at no-tillage by 5.1 rel.% and at conventional tillage by 0.7 rel.%.Similarly, the content of organic matter in the soil was significantly affected by soil tillage. The content of soil organic carbon found at the end of the research period was lower by 4.1 rel.% at reduced tillage, by 4.8 rel.% at no-tillage and by 4.9 rel.% at conventional tillage compared with initial stage. The difference between the convetional tillage and soil protective tillages was significant.Less significant relationship was found between the soil tillage and the content of available phosphorus. The balance showed that the content of available phosphorus was increased at reduced tillage (by 4.1 rel.%) and was decreased at no-tillage (by 9.5 rel.%) and at conventional tillage (by 3.3 rel.%).Tillage did not significantly affect the content of available potassium in the soil.

scholarly journals Adaptability and stability of white oat cultivars in relation to chemical composition of the caryopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maraisa Crestani Hawerroth ◽  
Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho ◽  
Antonio Costa de Oliveira ◽  
José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva ◽  
Luiz Carlos Gutkoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Oat Cultivars

The objective of this work was to characterize the chemical properties of white oat (Avena sativa) caryopsis and to determine the adaptability and stability of cultivars recommended for cultivation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The trials were carried out in the 2007, 2008 and 2009 crop seasons, in three municipalities: Augusto Pestana, Capão do Leão, and Passo Fundo. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated in a randomized block design, with four replicates. The contents of protein, lipid, and nitrogen-free extract were evaluated in the caryopsis. Cultivar performances for the measured characters varied according to location and year of cultivation. The cultivar URS Guapa showed high content of nitrogen-free extract and low contents of protein and lipid in the caryopsis. 'FAPA Louise' showed high content of lipid, whereas 'Albasul', 'UPF 15', and 'UPF 18' showed high content of protein and low content of nitrogen-free extract. There is no evidence of an ideal biotype for the evaluated characters, which could simultaneously show high average performance, adaptability to favorable and unfavorable environments, and stability.

scholarly journals ONION GENOTYPE SKILLS IN DIFFERENT PLANTING SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Gabriel Mascarenhas Maciel ◽  
Guilherme Repeza Marquez ◽  
Ariel Santivañez Aguilar ◽  
Igor Forigo Beloti ◽  
Igor Matheus Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Seedling Production ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
No Till ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
Agronomic Potential ◽  
Planting System

Currently, planting onion through seedling production is predominant in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the agronomic potential of new onion genotypes as a function of the planting system for this region. Eleven genotypes were evaluated, as follows: “commercial genotypes” Bola Precoce, Mulata, Sprint, Suprema and “pre-commercial genotypes” TE 201, TE 209, TE 216, TE 230, TE 242, TE 316 and TE 329, submitted to four planting systems: seedling production, seedling production with leaf pruning before transplanting, no-tillage manually planted at the definitive site and seedling production in trays. Treatments were arranged in an 11 x 4 factorial scheme (eleven genotypes and four planting systems). Although little practiced, the no-till system for onion cultivation for the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul can potentially be explored. Genotypes that best adapted to this system were: Bola Precoce, Suprema, Sprint, Mulata and TE 201. Comparatively, “commercial” genotypes showed an increase of 10.81 t ha-1 in relation to “pre-commercial” genotypes in the no-till system, proving the efficiency of this system.

scholarly journals Soil uses in the sugarcane fallow period to improve chemical and physical properties of two latosols (oxisols)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Fernandes ◽  
José Eduardo Corá ◽  
Adolfo Valente Marcelo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
In The Beginning

Sugarcane production should be integrated with crop diversification with a view to competitive and sustainable results in economic, social and environmental aspects. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of different soil uses during the sugarcane fallow period on the chemical and physical properties of eutroferric Red Latosol - LVef (Oxisol) and Acric Latosol - LVw (Acric Oxisol), in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State, Brazil (21º14'05'' S, 48º17'09'' W, 600 m asl). A randomized block design was used with five replications and four treatments, consisting of different soil uses (crops) in the sugarcane fallow period: soybean only, soybean/fallow/soybean, soybean/millet/soybean, and soybean/sunn hemp/soybean. After two soybean crops, the LVef chemical properties remained at intermediate to high levels; while those of the LVw, classified as intermediate to high in the beginning, increased to high levels. Thus, the different soil uses during the sugarcane fallow period allowed the maintenance of LVef fertility levels and the improvement of those of the LVw. Two soybean crops increased macroporosity in the 0.0-0.1 m layer of the LVef; reduced soil aggregates in the 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m layers of both soils, and reduced aggregate stability in these two layers of the LVw. Planting pearl millet or sunn hemp between the two soybean growing seasons promoted the formation of larger soil aggregates in the surface layer (0.0-0.1 m) of the LVw.

scholarly journals ALTURA DE PLANTAS E DIÂMETRO DE COLMOS DE SORGO FORRAGEIRO IRRIGADO EM FUNÇÃO DE CORTES

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Jardel Henrique Kirchner ◽  
Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽  
Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽  
Rogério Ricalde Torres ◽  
Wellington Mezzomo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Santa Maria

ALTURA DE PLANTAS E DIÂMETRO DE COLMOS DE SORGO FORRAGEIRO IRRIGADO EM FUNÇÃO DE CORTES     JARDEL HENRIQUE KIRCHNER1; ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA2; MARCIA XAVIER PEITER3; ROGÉRIO RICALDE TORRES4; WELLINGTON MEZZOMO5 E RICARDO BENETTI ROSSO6   1 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Nelsi Ribas Fritsch, nº 1111, bairro Esperança, Ibirubá, RS, Brasil, CEP: 98200-000, [email protected]. 2  Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 3 Eng. Agrônoma, Doutora, Professora Associada do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 4 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Eng. João Viterbo de Oliveira, nº 3061, Zona Rural, Vacaria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 95219-899, [email protected]. 5 Eng. Agrônomo, Mestre, Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 6 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor no Instituto Federal Catarinense, Rodovia SC 283 - km 17, Concórdia, SC, Brasil, CEP: 89703-720, ricardo.rosso @ifc.edu.br.      1 RESUMO   A obtenção de elevadas produtividades de pastagens é essencial para a manutenção dos níveis alimentares de rebanhos bovinos. A altura de plantas e o diâmetro de colmos caracterizam-se como determinantes no sucesso produtivo da pastagem pela quantidade de massa produzida. Um dos fatores que alteram esses índices são as precipitações irregulares, tornando necessária a reposição da demanda através da irrigação. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o diâmetro de colmos e a altura de plantas sob diferentes condições hídricas e cortes no sorgo forrageiro, em dois anos agrícolas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos nos anos agrícolas de 2015/2016 e 2016/2017 em Santa Maria (RS), e foram avaliadas as alturas de plantas e os diâmetros de colmos em seis condições hídricas (não irrigado, 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125 % da ETo), em três períodos de cortes (50, 80 e 110 dias após a semeadura) em delineamento blocos ao acaso. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas para a variação da altura de plantas e também do diâmetro de colmos, tanto conforme a lâmina de irrigação, quanto na sequência de cortes.   Palavras chave: pastagem irrigada, capacidade de rebrote, irrigação.     KIRCHNER, J. H.; ROBAINA, A. D.; PEITER, M. X.; TORRES, R. R.; MEZZOMO, W.; ROSSO, R. B. HEIGHT OF PLANTS AND DIAMETER OF STEMS OF SORGHUM FORAGE IRRIGATED BY CUTS         2 ABSTRACT   Achieving high pasture yields is essential for maintaining feed levels in cattle herds. Plant height and stem diameter are determinants of pasture production success by the amount of mass produced. One of the factors that change these rates is irregular rainfall, making it necessary to replenish demand through irrigation. The objective of this work was to evaluate stem diameter and plant height under different water conditions and forage sorghum cuts in two agricultural years in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Two experiments were conducted in the agricultural years of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 in Santa Maria / RS, and plant heights and stem diameters were evaluated in six water conditions (non-irrigated, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of ETo), in three cutting periods (50, 80 and 110 days after sowing) in a randomized block design. Statistically significant differences were found for plant height and stem diameter variation, both according to irrigation depth and cut sequence.   Keywords: irrigated pasture, regrowth capacity, irrigation.

scholarly journals Subdoses of Dicamba Herbicide on Yield Componentes in Function of the Soybean Growth Stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 407
Author(s):  
T. Schneider ◽  
M. A. Rizzardi ◽  
A. P. Rockenbach ◽  
S. T. Peruzzo
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Soybean cultivars without tolerance can suffer injury from exposure to tank herbicide residues. This study aimed at assessing the potential effects of the broad spectrum herbicide dicamba on sensitive soybean during its vegetative and reproductive stages. The trial was performed in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Six rates (1.4, 2.8, 5.6, 11.2, 16.8 and 28.0 g ae ha-1) of dicamba were applied at two soybean growth stages (V3 and R2). The soybeans were planted in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul state in 2015/16 agricultural year. The dicamba induced symptoms of soybean phytotoxicity showed a steady rise at all the assessment times. The soybean decreased in height as the subdose of the herbicide increased. Dicamba was observed to negatively affect the number of nodes alone, during the V3 and R2 stages. The grain yield was adversely affected at the 28.0 g ae ha-1 subdose, in the V3 application stage, and in response to the 16.8 and 28.0 g ae ha-1 subdoses in the R2 stage.

scholarly journals Genotype x environment interaction of agronomic and processing quality traits in potato

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizete Augustin ◽  
Sandra Milach ◽  
Dilson Antônio Bisognin ◽  
Marilei Suzin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Chip Color ◽  
Genotype X Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Growing Seasons

At the main crop production region of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, potato is cultivated in two different growing seasons: autumn and spring. The objectives of this research paper were: i) identify potato clones with high yield potential and industrial quality for Autumn and Spring growing seasons in the northern/northeastern region of the state; ii) estimate the effects of environment and of the genotype x environment interaction on the expression of agronomic and processing quality traits of potato clones in order to determine the appropriate strategy for breeding potato for the target region. One hundred and seventy clones of nine families were developed and compared to the cultivars Atlantic, Baronesa, Catucha, Ciclamen, Hertha, Lady Roseta, Macaca, Monalisa and Vivaldi and to the clone SMIJ 461-1, in the autumn and spring of 2006, in Passo Fundo, northern Rio Grande do Sul state. The evaluated traits included number of tubers per plant, tuber weight, plant yield, presence of deep eyes, dry matter content and chip color. Genotype x environment interaction (G x E) was significant for the expression of all traits but processing quality traits like chip color were most influenced by the growing season conditions. Genetic potential expression for yield traits was maximized in the spring season. Superior clones combining agronomic and quality traits were identified at the two growing seasons. High correlation between the two growing seasons was observed for the presence of deep eyes and dry matter, indicating they can be selected at either season.

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