Transpiration response of upland rice to water deficit changed by different levels of eucalyptus biochar

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus biochar on the transpiration rate of upland rice 'BRSMG Curinga' as an alternative means to decrease the effect of water stress on plant growth and development. Two-pot experiments were carried out using a completely randomized block design, in a split-plot arrangement, with six replicates. Main plots were water stress (WS) and no-water stress (NWS), and the subplots were biochar doses at 0, 6, 12 and 24% in growing medium (sand). Total transpirable soil water (TTSW), the p factor - defined as the average fraction of TTSW which can be depleted from the root zone before water stress limits growth -, and the normalized transpiration rate (NTR) were determined. Biochar addition increased TTSW and the p factor, and reduced NTR. Consequently, biochar addition was able to change the moisture threshold (p factor) of the growing medium, up to 12% maximum concentration, delaying the point where transpiration declines and affects yield.

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Transpiration rate response to water deficit during vegetative and reproductive phases of upland rice cultivars

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162011000100004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 24-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Alexandre Bryan Heinemann ◽

Luís Fernando Stone ◽

Nand Kumar Fageria

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Transpiration Rate ◽

Root Zone ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Potential Yield

Water deficit is one of the most important abiotic stress limiting upland rice yield in the "Cerrado" region of Brazil. Selecting drought tolerant cultivars is an important strategy to overcome this constraint. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted at Santo Antônio de Goiás, state of Goiás, Brazil, to compare the response of normalized transpiration rate (NTR) of three modern (BRS Primavera, BRSMG Curinga and BRS Soberana) and one traditional (Douradão) upland rice cultivars to soil water deficit during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. This information will support breeding strategies to improve rice yield in a drought-prone target population environments (TPE) in Brazil. NTR and the total fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) were calculated, plotted and adjusted according to a sigmoid non-linear model. The p factor, defined as the fraction of available soil water that can be removed from the root zone before water deficit occurs, was calculated by assuming that it occurs when NTR is equal to 0.95. Modern cultivars had a higher value of p for the reproductive phase than for the vegetative phase. In addition, these cultivars are better adapted to express their potential yield in regions with low intensity and occurrence of water stress and the traditional cultivar is enable to better support adverse conditions of water stress. It can be concluded that there is need to precisely characterize drought patterns in TPEs. This information can focus the breeding program to improve drought tolerance in modern upland rice cultivars.

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Genotype selection and addition of fertilizer increases grain yield in upland rice in Suriname

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201603374 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 185-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Adriano Stephan NASCENTE ◽

Ruby KROMOCARDI

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Management Practices ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Trials ◽

Application Rate ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The upland rice farmers in Suriname use local varieties and low level technologies in the field. As a result, the upland rice grain yield is low, at about 1 000 kg ha-1. Our objective was to evaluate the use of upland rice cultivars from Suriname and Brazil, and the effect of nitrogen, N, phosphorus, P, and potassium, K, fertilizers on cultivation variables. We undertook four field trials in the Victoria Area, in the Brokopondo District, using a randomized block design each with four replications. The most productive rice varieties were BRS Esmeralda (grain yield 2 903 kg ha-1) and BRS Sertaneja (2 802 kg ha-1). The highest grain yield of 2 620 kg ha-1 was achieved with a top dressing application of 76.41 kg N ha-1 20 days after sowing. For P, the highest grain yield of 3 085 kg ha-1 was achieved with application of 98.06 kg ha-1 P2O5 applied at sowing. An application rate of 31.45 kg ha-1 of K2O at sowing achieved the highest grain yield of 2 952 kg ha-1. Together, these application rates of N, P and K resulted in rice grain yield of about 3 000 kg ha-1, which is three times greater than the national average for upland rice. We demonstrate that the use of improved rice varieties matched to the local conditions, and application of appropriate fertilizers, are management practices that can result in significant increases in rice grain yield in Suriname.

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Yield performance of upland rice cultivars at different rates and times of nitrogen application

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo ◽

10.1590/s0100-06832012000200017 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 475-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

José Hildernando Bezerra Barreto ◽

Ismail Soares ◽

José Almeida Pereira ◽

Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽

José Aridiano Lima de Deus

Keyword(s):

Upland Rice ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

N Application ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

N Rates

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L) yields. This study aimed to evaluate the response of upland rice cultivars to N rate and application times in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots with four replications. The studied factors were five rice cultivars (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera, and BRS Sertaneja), three application times (100 % at planting, 50 % at planting - 50 % at tillering and 100 % at tillering) and four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). All cultivars responded to increased rates and different times of N application, especially BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja, which were the most productive when 50 % N rates were applied at sowing and 50 % at tillering. The response of cultivar BRS Monarca to N fertilization was best when 100 % of the fertilizer was applied at tillering.

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Evaluation of Short Duration Drought Tolerant Rice Varieties in Drought Prone Areas of Subarnapur District of Odisha

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2020/v32i830314 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

S. Pradhan ◽

F. H. Rahman ◽

S. Sethy ◽

G. Pradhan ◽

J. Sen

Keyword(s):

Short Duration ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Block Design ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Agronomic Practices ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Sowing Seed

A study was conducted in farmer’s field through technology demonstrations during Kharif season of 2018 and 2019 in Subarnapur district of Odisha to recommend the most suited short duration drought tolerant upland rice variety particular to the locality. Six different varieties like Sahabhagi dhan, Mandakini, Jogesh, DRR-44, and DRR-42 & Khandagiri were taken with four replications in Randomized Block Design in both years. Technology demonstration included not only the improved short duration varieties, but also a package of good agronomic practices viz. line sowing, seed treatment with Bavistin, proper fertilization with dose @ 80:40:40 NPK/ha, pre emergence herbicide application with pretilachlor, needful manual weeding and need based plant protection chemicals. The results of demonstration showed that farmers could increase rice productivity notably by adopting improved variety Sahabhagi dhan and DRR-44. These varieties recorded higher grain yields of 64% and 46%, respectively, and fetched a sum return of Rs 25620 and Rs 25275 over farmers’ local variety Khandagiri.

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Cowpea bean production under water stress using hydrogels

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632016v4743398 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 87-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marília Barcelos Souza Lopes ◽

Taynar Coelho de Oliveira Tavares ◽

Danilo Alves Veloso ◽

Niléia Cristina da Silva ◽

Rodrigo Ribeiro Fidelis

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Water Use ◽

Food Production ◽

Water Retention ◽

Block Design ◽

Population Increase ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The population increase and the need of intensifying food production, coupled with the scarcity of water resources, have led to the search of alternatives that reduce consumption and optimize the water use during cultivation. In this context, hydrogels become a strategy in agricultural management, due to their water retention capacity in the soil and availability to plants. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of hydrogels on the development and production of cowpea bean ('Sempre-verde' cultivar) under water stress, in a greenhouse. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, with five replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of four types of hydrogel (Hydroplan-EB HyA, with granulometry of 1-3 mm; Hydroplan-EB HyB, with granulometry of 0.5-1 mm; Hydroplan-EB HyC, with granulometry < 0.5 mm; Polim-Agri, with granulometry of 1-0.5 mm) and five concentrations (0 g pot-1; 1.5 g pot-1; 3 g pot-1; 4.5 g pot-1; 6 g pot-1). The following traits were evaluated: number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod and grain yield. The highest concentration (6 g pot-1) resulted in a higher number of pods and yield for all the hydrogels, especially for HyC and Polim-Agro, which presented 7.4 pods plant-1 and 7.0 pods plant-1, with yield of 15.43 g plant-1 and 16.68 g plant-1, respectively. The use of hydrogel shows to be efficient for reducing yield losses under water stress.

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Pembentukan Core Collection untuk Sumber Daya Genetik Padi Toleran Kekeringan

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v17n2.2011.p104-115 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Tiur S. Silitonga ◽

Andari Risliawati

Keyword(s):

Core Collection ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Plant Spacing ◽

Plot Size ◽

Central Java ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Rice Genetic

The Development of Core Collection for Rice Genetic Resources Tolerant to Drought. The experiment was conducted in dry season, July-September 2009 at the research farm in Jakenan, Central Java and planted in randomized block design (RBD) arrangement by using 150 accessions with the plot size of 5 m x 1 m, with plant spacing 25 cm x 20 cm and three replications. Another experiment used as control and grown as upland rice without drought stresses by watering twice in a week was planted in RBD arrangement with two replications, plot size 5 m x 1 m and spacing 25 cm x 20 cm. The results showed that 26 varieties were selected for sub core collection for drought tolerance. Jatiluhur and B.9645-E-Mr-89 had the highest yield potential respectively 3,88 dan 3,77 t/h. All of the varieties with tolerant to drought were selected for core collection. This would be very important as they could be directly grown by farmers as tolerant varieties or used as sources of gene in the breeding program to improve varieties for drought tolerant with high yielding potential. AbstrakPembentukan core collection untuk sumber daya genetik padi toleran kekeringan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada musim kemarau, Juli-September 2009 di Kebun Penelitian Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian Jakenan, Jawa Tengah, dengan rancangan acak kelompok, tiga ulangan, menggunakan 150 aksesi yang ditanam pada petak berukuran 5 m x 1 m. Tanaman disiram setiap tiga hari sekali sampai tumbuh baik dan setelah berumur 25 hari tanaman mulai dikeringkan. Sebagai petak pembanding adalah tanaman padi gogo biasa yang disiram setiap dua seminggu sekali sampai panen. Pertanaman pembanding ditanam dengan jarak 25 cm x 20 cm. Dari penelitian ini terpilih 26 varietas toleran kekeringan dengan skor 1-5. Di antara aksesi ini terdapat varietas yang berumur genjah dan sedang (115-135 hari), sehingga waktu panennya agak berbeda. Varietas Jatiluhur dan galur B.9645- E-Mr-89 mempunyai potensi hasil paling tinggi, masingmasing 3,88 dan 3,77 t/ha dan toleran terhadap kekeringan. Aksesi yang toleran terhadap kekeringan terutama yang mempunyai potensi hasil tinggi, dapat langsung digunakan oleh petani atau sebagai sumber gen dalam perakitan varietas unggul toleran kekeringan dan berpotensi hasil tinggi.

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Water use Efficient Sunflower Hybrids having Diverse Cytoplasmic Background

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia-2019-0014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (71) ◽

pp. 187-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vikrant Tyagi ◽

S. K. Dhillon

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Water Stress ◽

Block Design ◽

Stability Index ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Pooled Data ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Drought Resistant ◽

Stress Susceptibility

Abstract A set of fifty two hybrids developed through line×tester breeding design were sown in randomized block design with three replications to evaluate their performance for seed yield under two environments (normal irrigation and water stress). Drought resistant indices and multivariate statistical analysis from the pooled data obtained from water stress and normal irrigated environments over the two years. Hybrid PRUN-29A × RCR-8297 (1.55) and 40A × P100R (1.55) had the largest stress tolerance index (STI) rate and hybrid ARG-2A × P69R the smallest rate (a high STI rate for the genotype represents its high drought resistance and its high yielding potential). Hybrid ARG-6A × P69R (2.41) had the largest extent (susceptible) of Stress susceptibility index (SSI), while hybrid E002-91 × RCR-8297 (0.13) had the least (resistant) extent a large extent of this index indicates the genotype susceptibility to drought. In terms of yield stability index (YSI), hybrid 40A × RCR-8297 (0.51) and ARG-6A × P69R (0.51) and hybrid ARG-2A × P69R (1.18) had the smallest and the largest rate respectively (genotypes with high YSI are expected to yield highly in stress conditions. Hybrid 40A × RCR-8297 (30.36) and PRUN-29A × P69R (−10.07) displayed the least and the most amount of tolerance index (TOL) index, a high amount of TOL is a sign of genotype susceptibility to stress. Hybrid PRUN-29A × P69R (1.53) displayed the least extent of yield index (YI), while hybrid ARG-6A × P69R (0.51) and 40A × RCR-8297 (0.51) displayed the highest extent.

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Pengujian Vigor Daya Simpan dan Vigor terhadap Kekeringan pada Benih Padi Gogo dan Padi Sawah

Buletin Agrohorti ◽

10.29244/agrob.1.1.67-71 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Feni Shintarika ◽

Faiza Chairani Suwarno ◽

. Suwarno

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Lowland Rice ◽

Rice Seed ◽

Ethanol Vapour ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Seed Storability

The objectives of the study were to evaluate seed storability and vigor to drought of rice genotypes from different ecologies and correlation among the characters. The experiments were conducted in the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University from April to August 2011. Duration of rapid aging using ethanol vapour for testing seed storability were 87.6 and 155.4 minutes for upland and lowland rice seeds respectively. The rolled paper methods with Polyethylen Glycol (PEG 6000) at -2.0 bar was used for testing seed vigor to drought. Rice seed of 40 genotype consisting of 20 upland and 20 lowland were evaluated using Randomized Block Design with three replications. There were no correlation between seed storability and vigor to drought on all genotypes, and no similiarity of those characters on the best five genotypes. Genotypes with the highest storability were B12154D-MR-22-8 for upland rice and Aek Sibundong for lowland. Genotypes with the highest vigor to drought were B12165D-MR-8-1 and B12161D-MR-1-4-2 for upland rice, B12672-MR-19-2-PN-1-3 and Aek Sibundong for lowland.Keywords : drought stress, Rapid aging

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Pemanfaatan Tanah Mediteranian Sebagai Media Pembibitan Budset Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Varietas Bululawang dengan Penambahan Pupuk Kandang pada Dosis yang Berbeda

MEDIAGRO ◽

10.31942/md.v17i2.4918 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Saktiyono Sigit Tri Pamungkas

Keyword(s):

Soil Structure ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Saccharum Officinarum ◽

Livestock Manure ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Bud Set ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Mediterranean Soil

Abstract The decrease in the productivity of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) can be pursued through intensification with treatment in the nursery. However, it is increasingly difficult to find a good growing medium for plants, such as mediterranean soil must be managed. One of the efforts is to increase soil fertility by adding livestock manure which has the potential as organic fertilizer so that it is expected to improve soil structure and add nutrients. This study aims to determine the dose of organic fertilizer in sugarcane bud set nurseries on media with the addition of lime soil. This research was carried out at the independent farm. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) with one factor, namely the dose of organic fertilizer (0, 125, 250, 375, and 500 grams/polybag) with 3 replications. The results showed that the addition of organic fertilizer had a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter of sugarcane nurseries. The best application of organic fertilizer in sugarcane bud set nurseries is a dose of 250 grams/polybag. Keywords: Sugarcane, Nurseries, Mediterranean Soil, Livestock Manure, Organic Fertilizer

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DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM TERHADAP HASIL TANAMAN PADI DI KAWASAN DANAU SINGKARAK

Jurnal Agrium ◽

10.29103/agrium.v15i1.683 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Yummama Karmaita

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Rice Field ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Panicle Length ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

West Sumatra ◽

Rice Genotypes

This study aims to: (a) see the results of several genotypes of rice crops grown on paddy fields with drought stress, (b) to obtain the type of paddy rice genotype in drought-affected paddy fields. This research was conducted in Simusan rice field, Rambatan sub-district, Tanah Datar district and Laboratory of Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University, West Sumatra. This research used Randomized Block Design (RBD) method using 7 rice genotypes, 6 rice field genotypes and 1 genotype of upland rice as a comparison. If F value is greater than F table 5% it needs to be continued using Tukey test at 5%. The results revealed that in general, all the rice genotypes tested in showed good results on paddy fields that suffered drought stress, where all these genotypes showed a significantly different effect on the number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, the percentage of unpaid grain per panicle.

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