scholarly journals Cardinal temperatures for the leaf development of Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleverson Henrique de Freitas ◽  
Fabrina Bolzan Martins ◽  
Marcel Carvalho Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Corymbia Citriodora ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate cardinal temperatures and phyllochron for the leaf development of the eucalyptus species Corymbia citriodora and Eucalyptus urophylla, in the seedling phase. A field experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2x11 factorial arrangement, with the two eucalyptus species, 11 sowing dates, and five replicates, in the municipality of Itajubá, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The cardinal temperatures - base, optimum, and maximum - for leaf development were, respectively, 8.7, 17.1, and 41.3°C, for C. citriodora, and 11.5, 17.1, and 40.5°C for E. urophylla. The phyllochron of C. citriodora was 62.95°C day per leaf, and that of E. urophylla was 46.03°C day per leaf, which indicates that E. urophylla requires less energy accumulation than C. citriodora for leaf emission in the main stem.

scholarly journals Cardinal temperatures and modeling of vegetative development in guava

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 819-825
Author(s):  
Mábele de C. Ferreira ◽  
Fabrina B. Martins ◽  
Gabriel W. L. Florêncio ◽  
Liliana A. A. P. Pasin
Keyword(s):  
Root Mean Square Error ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Nonlinear Models ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to estimate cardinal temperatures (base, optimum, and maximum), and simulate the vegetative development of guava crop through phyllochron (linear) and Wang and Engel (nonlinear) models at the seedling phase. The experiment was conducted in Itajubá, MG, Brazil (22° 24’ 46.43” S 45° 26’ 48.94” W), for two years in a completely randomized design with twelve sowing dates and five experimental units per treatment, totaling sixty experimental units. The cardinal temperatures were estimated using twelve methods described in the literature and the values were: base, 10.9 °C, optimum, 17.3 °C and maximum, 51.2 °C. The phyllochron model was superior to Wang and Engel’s model for simulation of vegetative growth of guava, with root mean square error of 1.5 leaves.

scholarly journals Time of introducing component crop influences productivity of intercropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-25
Author(s):  
M. O. Iwuagwu ◽  
D. A. Okpara ◽  
C. O. Muoneke
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Horticultural Research

Field experiment was conducted at National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT), Mbato Sub-station, Okigwe, Imo State, South-eastern Nigeria in the 2012 and 2013 cropping seasons to establish the most appropriate time to introduce component crops in cocoyam/cowpea mixture. Five different planting schemes (two and four weeks before, two and four weeks after and same day) and two cowpea genotypes (climbing Akidienu and erect IT97K-499-35) were used. The component crops were grown in monocultures to assess the productivity of the systems. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three replicates. Growth and yield of cocoyam and the cowpea genotypes increased significantly (P<0.05) when either of the component crops was planted earlier than the other. Intercropping reduced significantly (P<0.05) cocoyam yield by 0.7 − 74% in IT97K-499-35 and 22 − 80% in Akidienu. Sowing the cowpea genotypes the same day or before cocoyam resulted in over-yielding of cowpea, whereas sowing Akidienu and IT97K-499-35 after cocoyam caused pod yield reductions of 64% − 73% and 32% − 59% on average, respectively. Cocoyam planted two weeks before IT97K-499-35 produced more satisfactory yields of the intercrops than the other planting schedules with LER, LEC and ATER of 2.15, 1.03 and 1.57, respectively.

scholarly journals Advanced lines of Jalapeño pepper with potential for mechanical harvesting

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Matias Gomes ◽  
Cláudia Silva da Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽  
Lorena Sousa Silva ◽  
Francisco José Becker Reifschneider
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Plant Characteristics ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the plant and fruit characteristics in advanced lines of Jalapeño pepper for mechanical harvesting. Thus, two experiments were carried out in the field. Experiment I (2015) was conducted as a randomized block design (three replications and eight plants per plot) and Experiment II (2016) in a completely randomized design (five replications and ten plants per plot). In 2015, lines CNPH 30,112, CNPH 30,118, CNPH 30,147, CNPH 30,159, CNPH 30,183, and CNPH 30,245 were evaluated, together with the control ‘BRS Sarakura’. Significant differences were detected for fruit and plant characteristics (P<0.05). Lines CNPH 30,118, CNPH 30,147, CNPH 30,159, and CNPH 30,245 were selected based on plant height and height of the first bifurcation, earliness, and yield. They were evaluated again in 2016, together with ‘BRS Sarakura’ and ‘Jalapeño Plus F1’ as controls. In 2016, CNPH 30,159 and CNPH 30,118 were selected due to their potential for mechanical harvesting. They were evaluated for height of the first bifurcation (>10cm), large fruits (11 cm x 4 cm), high pulp firmness (11 N), wall thickness (about 5mm), and content of capsaicinoid substances (>50,000 SHU). Selected lines are undergoing additional field evaluation for mechanical harvesting with the Etgar Moses 1010 pepper harvester.

scholarly journals Tree growth and soil fertility in plantations of genetic materials of Eucalyptus spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e2610413692
Author(s):  
Eleandro José Brun ◽  
Diego Maicon Scheis ◽  
Maurício Romero Gorenstein ◽  
Flávia Gizele Konig Brun ◽  
Evandro Alcir Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Individual Volume ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Relationship

Were analyzed the growth and the relationship with soil fertility of genetic materials of Eucalyptus spp. planted in a non-traditional eucalyptus forestry region in Brazil. Five genetic materials were selected, two seminal: Eucalyptus urophylla and E. pellita and three clones: GFMO27, I224, and H13, planted in experimental plots in a completely randomized design. The diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height were measured; basal area and dendrometric variables were calculated, for the ages 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, and 108 months, both statistically compared. The soil was chemically characterized at 108 months of age and correlated with dendrometric variables. The growth of clones H13, I224, and GFMO 27 were superior to the E. pellita and E. urophylla. The levels of N and MO had a significant correlation with the volume and the Al+3 showed a positive correlation with DBH. Clone H13 showed higher values than the other materials, in all variables analyzed, reaching an individual volume of 1.27 m³ at 108 months. The other genetic materials (GFMO27, I244, and E. urophylla) proved to be variable in their growth behavior at different ages, and E. pellita had lower growth. The recommended genetic materials for planting are H13 and E. urophylla.

scholarly journals Cardinal temperatures and thermal requirements for the initial development of two Brazilian native species

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mábele de Cássia Ferreira ◽  
Fabrina Bolzan Martins ◽  
Gabriel Wilson Lorena Florêncio ◽  
João Pedro Guimarães Cândido Silva ◽  
Liliana Auxiliadora Avelar Pereira Pasin
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Thermal Requirements ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Thermal Amplitude ◽  
Maximum Temperatures ◽  
Cardinal Temperatures

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate the cardinal temperatures and to quantify the thermal requirements for the initial development of seedlings of the native tree species Citharexylum myrianthum and Bixa orellana. A field experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2?12 factorial arrangement (2 tree species and 12 sowing dates), with five replicates. The base, optimum, and maximum temperatures for the development of C. myrianthum were 11.4, 18.1, and 36.6°C, and, for B. orellana, 12.0, 18.4, and 46.4°C. The thermal requirements for the development of C. myrianthum was 66.7°C day per leaf, and, for B. orellana, 82.5°C day per leaf. In the initial development, B. orellana shows a large thermal amplitude and is tolerant to extreme temperatures, while C. myrianthum shows a large thermal amplitude, but a lower thermal requirement and a more rapid development than B. orellana.

scholarly journals The effect of replacing maize with re-binding banana hump flour on the meat quality, footpad color, and feather or hybrid duck

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
O Sjofjan ◽  
D N Adli ◽  
R H Syahputra
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Research Material ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Binding Data ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Range Test

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the deposition percentage of breast meat, leg colour, and feather weight of hybrid ducks. The research material was 100 hybrid ducks regardless of sex (age 21 days) Peking x Khaki Campbell. The method used was a field experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and four replications. Each replication of 5 hybrid ducks. The treatments used were T0: 20% corn, T1: 15% corn + 5% Banana Hump Flour re-binding, T2: 10% corn + 10% Banana Hump Flour re-binding, T3: 5% corn + 15% Banana Hump Flour re-binding, T4: 20% Banana Hump Flour re-binding. Data were analyzed statistically using Covarian analysis (ANCOVA). If the data results differ significantly between treatments, Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) will proceed. The results showed that banana hump flour had no significant effect (P> 0.05) on the percentage of breast meat deposition and feather weight, but had a very significant effect (P < 0.01) on the color of the legs. It can be concluded that the use of re-binding banana hump flour as a substitute for corn up to 20% in feed gives positive results on the percentage of meat and feathers of hybrid.

scholarly journals Effect of Canola and Compound Fertilizer on Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Bacterial Wilt Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-38
Author(s):  
Norbert Iraboneye ◽  
Miriam K. Charimbu ◽  
Nancy W. Mungai
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Four Levels

Bacterial wilt is a problematic disease affecting potato production in Kenya and the available management methods are not efficient. Field, semi-field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of canola green manure and compound fertilizer on bacterial wilt management. Laboratory experiment was conducted at Egerton university biological laboratory to evaluate the effect of canola extract on R. solanacearum population density in-vitro. Four levels of canola extract quantities were used; 0, 100, 200, 300microlitres, and enrich immunomodulator (Di-bromo Di-nitro propane 1-3-diol) (DDD) was used as a positive control. Inoculum was prepared from infested soil and Selective Medium South Africa (SMSA) (Casamino acids, Bacto-Peptone, Glycerol, and Bacto-Agar) was used as growth medium in a completely randomized design. Field experiment was carried out in two sites (Elburgon site is in Upper high land zone two (UH2) and Mau-Narok is in Upper high land zone one UH1). Two levels of canola green manure (with and without green manure application), four levels of fertilizer (NPK+Ca+Mg+ micronutrients) applied at 0(F1), 250(F2), 575(F3), 900 (F4) kg ha-1 and diammonium phosphate (DAP500 kg ha-1) +Calcium ammonium nitrate             (CAN300 kg ha-1) (F5) as a positive control. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) spilt plot replicated three times, canola green manure as main plot and fertilizer and varieties combination as sub plots. Semi-field experiment (in pots) was conducted at Egerton university farm, five levels of canola green manure (100, 75, 50 and 0 g kg-1 soil) and four levels of the compound fertilizer as used in the field experiment were used in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The data shows that canola extract did not have a significant (Pr <0.05) effect on bacterial population density (CFU), where chemical treatment (DDD) restricted the growth of R. solanacearum under laboratory experiment. Under field and semi-filed experiments, canola green manure and fertilizer treatments had no significant (Pr <0.05) effect on bacterial population density in the soil nor bacterial wilt incidence. Kenya karibu variety it did not show any wilting symptoms of bacterial wilt across the sites and semi-field experiment. Canola did not suppress the growth of R. solanacearum; further investigation should be done on other brassica family plants.

scholarly journals Plot size and number of replications to assess the vegetable matter in oat

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-263
Author(s):  
André Lavezo ◽  
Alberto Cargnelutti Filho ◽  
Bruna Mendonça Alves ◽  
Denison Esequiel Schabarum ◽  
Daniela Lixinski Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Plot Size ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Uniformity Trials

The determination of the optimum plot size in agricultural crops is important for obtaining accurate inferences in the treatments in question. This study aimed at determining the optimum plot size (Xo) and the number of replications to evaluate the fresh matter (FM) and the dry matter (DM) of oat and at verifying the variability of Xo among cultivars and sowing dates. Ninety-six uniformity trials of 3×3 m were performed and each assay was divided into 36 basic experimental units (BEU) of 0.5×0.5 m. The 96 uniformity trials were distributed in four cultivars and three sowing dates. At the flowering stage, FM and DM were determined in each BEU. Then, the Xo was determined in each uniformity assay, using the maximum curvature method of the coefficient of variation model. In oat, there is variability of Xo among cultivars and sowing dates to measure FM and DM. For the four cultivars on the three sowing dates, the Xo of 1.66 m2 and of 1.73 m2 are suitable to evaluate FM and DM, respectively. Four replications to evaluate the maximum of 50 treatments in completely randomized design and randomized blocks design are sufficient so that the differences among treatment means of 44.75% of the experiment mean may be significant, using the Tukey test at 5% probability to measure FM and DM in oat.

scholarly journals Soil Parameter Mapping and Ad Hoc Power Analysis to Increase Blocking Efficiency Prior to Establishing a Long-Term Field Experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Collins ◽  
Chris Benedict ◽  
Andy Bary ◽  
Craig Cogger
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Power Analysis ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Term Field

The spatial heterogeneity of soil and weed populations poses a challenge to researchers. Unlike aboveground variability, below-ground variability is more difficult to discern without a strategic soil sampling pattern. While blocking is commonly used to control environmental variation, this strategy is rarely informed by data about current soil conditions. Fifty georeferenced sites were located in a 0.65 ha area prior to establishing a long-term field experiment. Soil organic matter (OM) and weed seed bank populations were analyzed at each site and the spatial structure was modeled with semivariograms and interpolated with kriging to map the surface. These maps were used to formulate three strategic blocking patterns and the efficiency of each pattern was compared to a completely randomized design and a west to east model not informed by soil variability. Compared to OM, weeds were more variable across the landscape and had a shorter range of autocorrelation, and models to increase blocking efficiency resulted in less increase in power. Weeds and OM were not correlated, so no model examined improved power equally for both parameters. Compared to the west to east blocking pattern, the final blocking pattern chosen resulted in a 7-fold increase in power for OM and a 36% increase in power for weeds.

scholarly journals Pengaruh perendaman benih pada berbagai jenis larutan urin terhadap daya tumbuh kecambah kaliandra (calliandra calothyrsus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Tri Ida Wahyu Kustyorini ◽  
Permata Ika Hidayati
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Sheep Urine

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil pengaruh perendaman benih pada berbagai jenis larutan urin terhadap daya tumbuh kecambah kaliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus). Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah benih kaliandra sebanyak 100 gr, urin sapi, kambing dan domba sebanyak @1 liter. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimental lapang berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian terdiri dari P0 (perlakuan kontrol/tanpa perendaman), P1 (perendaman pada air) dan perlakuan eksperimental dengan perendaman pada berbagai jenis urin dengan konsentrasi 10%, yakni, P2 (larutan urin sapi), P3(larutan urin kambing) dan P4 (larutan urin domba). Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini yaitu daya tumbuh kecambah kaliandra yang meliputi persentase perkecambahan, tinggi bibit, persentase benih mati, dan persentase kecambah normal. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam anova tunggal dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS for Windows,apabila terdapat pengaruh maka dilanjutkan dengan uji. Perendaman pada urin sapi memberikan nilai terbaik pada persentase kecambah (88,33%), tinggi bibit (5,67±0,57)cm, persentase benih mati terendah (11,67±3,51%), dan persentase kecambah normal (91,67±1,52%). Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian yaitu perendaman benih pada urin sapi memberikan pengaruh terbaik terhadap daya tumbuh kecambah kaliandara (Calliandra calothyrsus).   Abstract                 This study aims to determine the effect of seed immersion on various types of urine solution on the growth of Calliandra calothyrsus. The material used in this study was 100 grams of calliandra seed, cow urine, goat urine and sheep urine. The method used in this study was a field experiment based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment consisted of P0 (control / no soaking treatment), P1 (immersion in water) and experimental treatment with soaking in various types of urine with a concentration of 10%, namely, P2 (cow urine solution), P3 (goat urine solution) and P4 (sheep urine solution). The variables observed in this study were the growth of kaliandra sprouts which included germination percentage, seed height, percentage of dead seeds, and the percentage of normal sprouts. The data obtained were analyzed using a single ANOVA variance analysis with the help of the SPSS for Windows application, if there was an influence then proceed with the test. Immersion in cow urine gave the best value in the percentage of sprouts (88.33%), seedling height (5.67 ± 0.57) cm, the lowest percentage of dead seeds (11.67 ± 3.51%), and the percentage of normal sprouts ( 91.67 ± 1.52%). The conclusion of the research results is that the immersion of seeds in cow urine gives the best effect on the power of kaliandara sprouts (Calliandra calothyrsus).

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