scholarly journals Political philosophy, ethnology, and time: a study of the notion of historical handicap

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (105) ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Feres Jr
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Practical Purpose ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Present Role

This article starts by identifying the crucial importance of the notion of historical handicap for the present-day social sciences of Latin America. Such notion is not an original invention made by Latinamericanists. On the contrary, I demonstrate that the genealogy of the notion of historical handicap must be sought in the tradition of Western political philosophy. Such genealogy must take into account the way it was integrated into ethnological descriptions. When and how did the Other become the backward, the primitive? While this relation was secondary for ancient Greek thought, theories of historical development became the main source of ethnological categories in the modern era. Interestingly enough, this modern synthesis suited the practical purpose of justifying two successive waves of European imperialistic: the era of discoveries, and 19th century colonialism. The article concludes by raising questions about the present role and application of the social sciences.

Introduction. Theories of Myth

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
The Social ◽  
Origin Function ◽  
Modern Era

The ‘Introduction’ examines and compares modern theories of myth by applying them to the famous myth of Adonis. It is only in the modern era—specifically, only since the second half of the nineteenth century—that these theories have purported to be scientific, for only since then have there existed the social sciences. Of these, anthropology, psychology, and sociology have contributed the most to the study of myth. Each discipline harbours multiple theories of myth, but what unites them is the questions asked: those of origin, function, and subject matter. Is myth universal? Is myth true? Along with these other questions, it defines myth as a story.

Politics and Morality in the Thought of Karl Popper

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Minogue
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Open Society ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social

LIKE MANY PEOPLE, I FIND KARL POPPER BOTH FASCINATING and irritating. His vigour and lucidity are irresistible, and no one could complain that he fails to engage with the big questions. The problems begin when we consider his political thought. Some think him one of the great liberal philosophers of the century. I on the other hand, while being fascinated by The Open Society and its Enemies, am repelled by the grossness of its caricaturing of most of the thinkers it touches. The Poverty of Historicism is a marvellous text in the philosophy of the social sciences, but the idea of historicism is a straw man. The paradox seems to be that while there is a lot that refers to the political questions of the day, there is virtually nothing which takes up issues of political philosophy directly. The result is that he seems to me always to be on the wrong foot, and my problem is to discover why.

Reviews of the Literature: Uniformities in Human Relations Tentatively Established

1942 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Charles Harding
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
The Social

It has been becoming increasingly evident to some of those who have to handle problems of human relations that most social sciences have provided no practical technique for analyzing human relationships. The departmentalization of the social sciences, the result of historical development rather than any actual division of labor based on definitions of human behavior, has only led to confusion. Many of the problems upon which much energy and time is spent seem to be problems arising from the division of behaviors into various fields rather than from behavior itself. Furthermore this unreal departmentalization has led to "passing the buck" among specialists. When hard pressed on a particular point they can always say that at that point the problem ceases to be theirs and becomes the problem of another group of specialists. Thus problems are tossed back and forth, are never faced, and naturally never solved. Unfortunately, the completely unwarranted division of human relations into the fields of economics, sociology, psychology, and so on seems strongly entrenched.

The social context of literacy in Archaic Greece and Etruria

Antiquity ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (237) ◽  
pp. 761-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Stoddart ◽  
James Whitley
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Archaic Greece ◽  
Literate Society

In recent years much emphasis has been placed upon the effects of literacy in the transformation of the Mediterranean World between 800 and 400 BC. Alphabetic scripts have been seen by many, archaeologists and classicists alike, as one of the key factors that made many of the achievements of Mediterranean, particularly Greek, thought and culture possible. Alphabetic scripts encouraged widespread literacy, and widespread literacy was the necessary condition for what remains distinctive in Ancient Greek culture, namely the development of History, Philosophy and speculative Natural Science. Murray (1980: 96) is typical in his view that ‘Archaic Greece was a literate society in the modern sense.’ The work of Goody & Watt (1963) has done much to advance the view that many of the achievements of Mediterranean Society can be ascribed to, if not entirely explained by, this ‘technology of the intellect’. Their ‘autonomous model’ however, as Cartledge (1978: 37) has observed, comes dangerously close to technological determinism.

scholarly journals O DISCURSO ECONÔMICO E SUAS CONDIÇÕES DE POSSIBILIDADE

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (92) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Hugo E. A. da Gama Cerqueira
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Objective Condition ◽  
Economic Discourse ◽  
Market Economies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Validity Claims ◽  
Critical Scrutiny

Trata-se de compreender a emergência, na Modernidade, de um discurso sobre a economia que se pretendia autônomo em relação à ética ou à filosofia política, disciplinas em cujo interior a discussão sobre assuntos econômicos foi conduzida até dois séculos atrás. O texto procura mostrar que o surgimento da economia como um campo separado do saber é recente e está ligado ao aparecimento das economias de mercado, que constituem sua “condição objetiva de possibilidade”. Busca-se, por essa via, estabelecer os pressupostos teóricos e práticos deste ramo particular das ciências sociais, de maneira a poder submeter ao crivo crítico suas “pretensões de validade”, seus limites.Abstract: This paper investigates the emergence in the Modernity of an economic discourse intended to be autonomous from moral and political philosophy. The article demonstrates that the existence of economics as separated field of knowledge is recent and its creation related to the appearance of market economies, which might be regarded as an “objective condition for the possibility” of the economic discourse. The argument seeks to uncover the theoretical and practical assumptions of this particular branch of the social sciences in order to submit its “validity claims” to a critical scrutiny.

scholarly journals The Muslim Veil in North America

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-112
Author(s):  
Shabana Mir
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
North America ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
The West ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Veil

When it comes to Muslims in the West, nothing is a more sensational visualsymbol than the hijab. Due to the current Muslim and non-Muslim fixationon it, scholarly examination of hijab and related issues is necessary.The Muslim Veil in North America examines some of its historical, sociological/anthropological, and theological aspects. Part 1 engages with theveil’s hyper-visibility in Canada. Since the book does not engage with theAmerican experience, I am not sure why the title refers to North America.I enjoyed part 2 immensely, and will use it as a reference on the subject.The bulk of this section explores the historical development of the veil’stheological status and nature. This book is different from, say, Maudoodi’sPurdah, which sees the veil in its contemporary form as a product of historicalprocesses.This book is dedicated to diasporic Muslim women, although introductorymaterial in various chapters addresses readers unfamiliar with Islam. Undergraduates will appreciate its accessibility in comparison tomost academic texts, and it will make the subject comprehensible to layreaders. Unfortunately, this means that the book wavers between being anacademic (education, anthropology, and sociology) and a lay read. This isnot because the entire book is tailored to different kinds of readers, butbecause its two parts are rather disjointed. Part 1 addresses a more lay andintroductory social science-related reader with basic information; part 2, onthe other hand, is a highly specialized examination of exegetical and hadithhistory.The editors, in addressing a gaping void in the literature, possiblyattempt to do too much: specialized theology, history, politics, anthropology,and sampling of “voices.” I would have preferred it to be more selective.Also, “let the voices speak” is a commendable approach, but after a certainpoint we should go beyond it. There is also a line between “reportage syndrome,”writing without an adequate theoretical framework, and skillfulacademic writing, which allows contextualized voices to be heard by fellowacademics within the social sciences. I would also have preferred that thetheology and sociology chapters be connected by common threads ...

scholarly journals Characterising social pathologies: an analytic grid

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Freyenhagen
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Frankfurt School ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Social Pathology ◽  
Philosophy Today ◽  
The Social ◽  
In Virtue Of

In this paper, I would like to take up one proposal that I touch on as part of the longer paper delivered at the SPT conference on Critical Theory and the Concept of Social Pathology. The proposal is an analytic grid for characterising social pathologies, particularly in thelight of the conceptualisations of this idea specified within the Frankfurt School CriticalTheory tradition.Let me first summarise briefly the longer paper. I present some general features of the idea of social pathology (see below), and suggest that this idea can set FrankfurtSchool Critical Theory apart from mainstream liberal approaches – notably, in virtue of the specifically ethical register it involves (rather than a justice-based one dominant incontemporary liberalism) and the interdisciplinary approach it calls for (which marks a contrast to the relatively stark division between normative theorising and the social sciences characteristic of much of political philosophy today). I criticise the way Habermas and Honneth transform the early Frankfurt School conceptualisations of this idea by tying itto their respective models of functional differentiation of society.

THE QUESTION OF THE PERIODIZATION OF THE GENESIS OF THE SOCIAL STATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Айгуль Фаридовна Чупилкина
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Social State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Time

Автор формулирует предложение для научного дискурса по поводу чрезвычайно актуального и необходимого для Российского государства феномена социального государства. Поднят вопрос единого представления о генезисе социального государства и его критериях. Исторические примеры, в которых показаны реализация и последствия социальных законов в различной государственной и общественной «почве», помогают определить место и разумное применение элементов социального государства в современной российской государственности. Жизнеспособные элементы для распределения этапов эволюции социального государства имеют аргументы различных авторов. На основании проведенного анализа четкость критериев периодизации генезиса социального государства предложено обозначить как совокупность (систему) признаков, перечисленных в настоящей статье. Сформулированная совокупность (система) признаков позволила утверждать, что зародилось социальное государство в эпоху Античной Греции. Более того, древнегреческая мысль в принципе оказала влияние на юридическое мировоззрение прошлого, настоящего и будущего. Здесь впервые использованы основные понятия теории государства и права, что на сегодняшний день является основой теоретических знаний правоведа. Уголовно-исполнительная система является социальным институтом, что обусловливает важность трактовки тематики истории и теории социального государства. The author formulates a proposal for scientific discourse, due to the unsolved, but extremely relevant and necessary for the Russian state, the phenomenon of the social state. The question of a unified idea of the genesis of the social state and its criteria is raised. Illustrative historical examples in which are the implementation and consequences of social laws help to determine the place and reasonable application of the elements of the social state in modern Russian statehood. The arguments of various authors have viable elements for the distribution of the stages of the evolution of the social state. Based on the analysis, the clarity of the criteria for the periodization of the genesis of the social state is proposed to be designated as a set (system) of the features listed in this article. The formulated set (system) of features allowed us to assert that the origins of the social state have their roots in the era of Ancient Greece. In addition, ancient Greek thought in principle influenced the legal worldview of the past, present and future. Here, for the first time, the basic concepts of the theory of state and law are used, which today is the basis of the theoretical knowledge of a jurist. The penal system is a social institution, which determines the importance of interpreting the topics of history and the theory of the social state.

Models for binary directed graphs and their applications

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 803-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley S. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Directed Graphs ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
The Social

The nature and historical development of both stochastic and deterministic models for binary graphs are discussed. Here the focus of applications is sociological and emphasizes representations of networks of interpersonal relations as directed graphs. Models from the natural sciences and from the social sciences are examined and suggestions for future research are given.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document