THE QUESTION OF THE PERIODIZATION OF THE GENESIS OF THE SOCIAL STATE

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Айгуль Фаридовна Чупилкина
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Social State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Time

Автор формулирует предложение для научного дискурса по поводу чрезвычайно актуального и необходимого для Российского государства феномена социального государства. Поднят вопрос единого представления о генезисе социального государства и его критериях. Исторические примеры, в которых показаны реализация и последствия социальных законов в различной государственной и общественной «почве», помогают определить место и разумное применение элементов социального государства в современной российской государственности. Жизнеспособные элементы для распределения этапов эволюции социального государства имеют аргументы различных авторов. На основании проведенного анализа четкость критериев периодизации генезиса социального государства предложено обозначить как совокупность (систему) признаков, перечисленных в настоящей статье. Сформулированная совокупность (система) признаков позволила утверждать, что зародилось социальное государство в эпоху Античной Греции. Более того, древнегреческая мысль в принципе оказала влияние на юридическое мировоззрение прошлого, настоящего и будущего. Здесь впервые использованы основные понятия теории государства и права, что на сегодняшний день является основой теоретических знаний правоведа. Уголовно-исполнительная система является социальным институтом, что обусловливает важность трактовки тематики истории и теории социального государства. The author formulates a proposal for scientific discourse, due to the unsolved, but extremely relevant and necessary for the Russian state, the phenomenon of the social state. The question of a unified idea of the genesis of the social state and its criteria is raised. Illustrative historical examples in which are the implementation and consequences of social laws help to determine the place and reasonable application of the elements of the social state in modern Russian statehood. The arguments of various authors have viable elements for the distribution of the stages of the evolution of the social state. Based on the analysis, the clarity of the criteria for the periodization of the genesis of the social state is proposed to be designated as a set (system) of the features listed in this article. The formulated set (system) of features allowed us to assert that the origins of the social state have their roots in the era of Ancient Greece. In addition, ancient Greek thought in principle influenced the legal worldview of the past, present and future. Here, for the first time, the basic concepts of the theory of state and law are used, which today is the basis of the theoretical knowledge of a jurist. The penal system is a social institution, which determines the importance of interpreting the topics of history and the theory of the social state.

Formation and development of the licensing and licensing system in the Russian State: historical and legal analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (03) ◽  
pp. 223-233
Author(s):  
Anatoly Kononov ◽  
Lyudmila Standzon ◽  
Elena Emelyanova
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Life ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social

The administrative reform that has been permanently carried out in Russia over the past decade, as well as the ongoing efforts to eliminate administrative barriers in business, lead to increased interest in the historical experience of solving issues of optimizing public administration in various spheres of public life and the economy of the country. An important place among them is occupied by the issue of improving licensing and permitting activities. The article examines the historical experience of the formation and development of the licensing and licensing system in Russia, and suggests the author’s periodization of this area of history. The author analyzes the social and economic conditions in which the formation and development of this state institution took place, examines the content of normative legal acts adopted at different stages of national history.

scholarly journals O cárcere como instrumento de gestão penal da pobreza

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victória Maria Américo de Oliveira ◽  
Alexandre Ribas de Paulo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Social State ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Social

RESUMOO presente artigo propõe uma análise crítica acerca do cárcere e seus efeitos no tratamento estatal dado à população socialmente vulnerável, traçando uma relação entre o Estado Social e o Estado Penal. Questionando o interesse que norteia a (in)eficácia do sistema prisional e como ele se legitima socialmente através de um discurso político de segurança pública amparado pelo pânico propagado pelos meios de comunicação, pretende-se expor a seletividade tanto da normal penal quanto do sistema criminal, que, somadas, resultam na construção do perfil do delinquente e no encarceramento em massa dos pobres. A partir de uma exposição crítica, almeja-se fomentar o debate do papel da criminalização da pobreza na gestão das ilegalidades pelos interessados nos produtos do cárcere.PALAVRAS-CHAVEDireito Penal. Criminologia. Sistema Penal. Seletividade. Pobreza. ABSTRACTThis article proposes a critical analysis about the prison and its effects on the state treatment given to the socially vulnerable population, drawing a relationship between the Social State and the Criminal State. Questioning the interest that governs the (in) effectiveness of the prison system and how it legitimizes itself socially through a political discourse of public security supported by the panic propagated by the mass media, it is intended to expose the selectivity of both the normal criminal and the criminal system, which, together, result in the construction of the delinquent profile and the mass incarceration of the poor. From a critical exposition, it is hoped to foment the debate of the role of the criminalization of poverty in the management of illegalities by those interested in the products of prisonKEYWORDSCriminal law. Criminology. Penal system. Selectivity. Poverty.

Space in Ancient Times

Space ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 11-51
Author(s):  
Barbara Sattler
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Way

This chapter tells the story of the way in which, in ancient Greek thought, space first came to be established as an independent and unified dimension. The story begins with prephilosophical as well as philosophical understandings of space, in which spatial notions are often not clearly distinguished from time and matter. This leads to difficulties accounting for motion and change. While Plato’s Timaeus conceives of time and space for the first time as two independent magnitudes, this chapter shows that they are assumed to be different to such a degree that it is unclear how they could be related to each in an account of motion and change. The task of distinguishing time and space in a way that they can, nevertheless, be intelligibly related, is finally accomplished in Aristotle’s Physics. There, time and space are both conceived as (distinct) continua, which can be combined.

Dangerous Gifts: Ideologies of Marriage and Exchange in Ancient Greece

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Durable Goods ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Myth ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
Gendered Division Of Labor ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
Mythic Thinking

A familiar theme in Greek myth is that of the deadly gift that passes between a man and a woman. Analysis of exchanges between men and women reveals the gendered nature of exchange in ancient Greek mythic thinking. Using the anthropological categories of male and female wealth (with examples drawn from many cultures), it is possible to arrive at an understanding of the protocols of exchange as they relate to men and especially to women. These protocols, which are based in part on the distinction between metals and other durable goods as "male" and textiles as "female," are closely related to the gendered division of labor. Anxiety about women as exchangers derives in part from their status as objects exchanged in marriage (as exemplified by Helen in the Iliad), and partly from a misogynist and pessimistic strand of Greek thought (embodied by Hesiod's Pandora) that discounts any female economic contribution to the oikos. Indeed, the majority of destructive exchanges take place within the context of marital crisis. While some texts, beginning with the Odyssey, show the positive side of women's economic role, tragedy tends to follow the Hesiodic distrust of women as exchange partners. Passages from the Agamemnon and the Trachiniai are analyzed to show how in situations of perverted reciprocity brought about by marital discord, even women's traditional gifts of textiles may become deadly.

History and Consolation: Royal Yorùbá Bards Comment on Their Craft

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 263-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. de Moraes Farias
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cultural Force

As court musicians and specialists of the past, the Arókin of Òyó have been used as a source for Yorùbâ history, but their own views on the uses of historical information have not been investigated. For the first time a sample of these views is published here. It comes from an interview with a group of Arókin, in which they offered descriptions and other representations of the nature of their expertise. This evidence sheds light on how the Arókin have traditionally deployed historical precedent and accounted for historical innovation. They ground the resort to the past primarily on the social need to offer consolation (itùnû) to the ruler, i.e., to cool down his personal grief. It is from this that they derive the need to relate and assimilate events, so as to explain the meaning (itumòo) of present happenings. They emphasize, above the supplying of etiology and legitimation, the restoration of equanimity against grief and anger.Arókin tradition compares the overwhelming power of song to the overwhelming power of grief. It stresses raw personal emotion as a cultural force, both as a source of disruption and as a trigger for efforts to make sense of the world with the help of the past, or with the help of newly-imported frames of explanation. The management of the king's (but also, in exceptional circumstances, of the people's) emotions requires history, and may require religious innovation. The king's grief at the loss of his children is liable to have violent, and culturally far-reaching, consequences. Despite obvious differences, this has significant points of contact with Rosaldo's account of the rage of the bereaved and “the cultural force of emotions” in connection with the Ilongot of northern Luzon, in the Philippines.

The social context of literacy in Archaic Greece and Etruria

Antiquity ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (237) ◽  
pp. 761-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Stoddart ◽  
James Whitley
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
Archaic Greece ◽  
Literate Society

In recent years much emphasis has been placed upon the effects of literacy in the transformation of the Mediterranean World between 800 and 400 BC. Alphabetic scripts have been seen by many, archaeologists and classicists alike, as one of the key factors that made many of the achievements of Mediterranean, particularly Greek, thought and culture possible. Alphabetic scripts encouraged widespread literacy, and widespread literacy was the necessary condition for what remains distinctive in Ancient Greek culture, namely the development of History, Philosophy and speculative Natural Science. Murray (1980: 96) is typical in his view that ‘Archaic Greece was a literate society in the modern sense.’ The work of Goody & Watt (1963) has done much to advance the view that many of the achievements of Mediterranean Society can be ascribed to, if not entirely explained by, this ‘technology of the intellect’. Their ‘autonomous model’ however, as Cartledge (1978: 37) has observed, comes dangerously close to technological determinism.

scholarly journals Political philosophy, ethnology, and time: a study of the notion of historical handicap

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (105) ◽  
pp. 19-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Feres Jr
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Practical Purpose ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Present Role

This article starts by identifying the crucial importance of the notion of historical handicap for the present-day social sciences of Latin America. Such notion is not an original invention made by Latinamericanists. On the contrary, I demonstrate that the genealogy of the notion of historical handicap must be sought in the tradition of Western political philosophy. Such genealogy must take into account the way it was integrated into ethnological descriptions. When and how did the Other become the backward, the primitive? While this relation was secondary for ancient Greek thought, theories of historical development became the main source of ethnological categories in the modern era. Interestingly enough, this modern synthesis suited the practical purpose of justifying two successive waves of European imperialistic: the era of discoveries, and 19th century colonialism. The article concludes by raising questions about the present role and application of the social sciences.

RELIGIOUS CHARITY IN THE RUSSIAN STATE: RETRO-ASSESSMENTS OF THE EMPIRICAL PAST

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
A.V. ISAEV ◽  
◽  
V.A. MATVIENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Needy

The aim of the scientific monitoring undertaken within the framework of this article is to present the most comprehensive picture of the interaction between the state organs and traditional religious confessions in implementation of social assistance by them to the needy layers of the population. A retrospective of the established realities of the social sphere existed in the past allowed the authors of this work to trace their influence on the essential characteristics and forms of religious organizations' charity activi-ties in the space of provincial regions of Russia in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. The conduct-ed reconnaissance of the planned range of issues made it possible to state the facts of an exclusive empyria exist-ence for every traditional Russian religious confession, as well as a certain dependence of the religious charity on the character of public relations, on the role of the state in the social sphere, and the connection with spirituality genesis.

scholarly journals Conception of freedom in ancient world

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Nikiforova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Human Right ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

The aim of the study is to research the correspondence and difference of ancient Greek authors FREEDOM conception. The subject of the article is the investigation of freedom category interpretation by ancient Greek writers. The object of the study is the works of ancient Greek writers, poets, philosophers, concerned with major issues of freedom conception. The academic novelty of the investigation is as follows: the most significant definitions of FREEDOM by ancient Greek authors were researched and recapped. It was examined that humans’ freedom and their cognitive activity are the significant issues of the conception determination of freedom. The term FREEDOM is different for every person that is why we cannot insist categorically that one idea is right and the other is wrong. In this case the idea of freedom disappears. Some philosophers consider that initially no Greek word ΕΛΕΥΘΕΡΙΑ, no Latin LIBERTAS didn’t have philosophical meanings. Ancient Greeks believed that destiny, fate, necessity run humans. The idea of Freedom emerged in Ancient Greece. The ancient Greeks were first, who began to consider the issue of freedom both in the political and philosophic senses of the word. They tried to create the first state institutions defended human freedom. This concept had a lot of meanings in ancient times: the domination of intellect over emotions, conscience control, responsibility for actions, independency, and privilege for life, right to manipulate slaves. The idea of “being free” appeared much earlier than the conception of “freedom”. According to Homer to be free for person means to have an opportunity to live on your dear land. Particularly in Homer’s poems we are able to find the generation of the human right choice idea. Herodotus was the first scientist who formed the social meaning of the word FREEDOM. The definition of FREEDOM as philosophical term was used by sophists for the first time ever. According to Socrates FREEDOM is a self-control, physical instincts control. Plato in his turn considers that humans have a right of choice, but their freedom is not absolute. The analysis of the philosophical views and approaches concerning freedom conception in antiquity is conducted to prove that that freedom was the most significant value of ancient world. Ancient philosophers emphasized the polis freedom, internal and external freedom (stoics), freedom as self-control (Socrates), freedom as material independency (Plato), freedom as permissiveness (cynics), freedom as capacity for good. Ancient Greek and Modern Greek lexicographical sources show both analogies and differences of language objectification of FREEDOM conception. We consider appropriate to analyze these analogies and differences of various discourse’s types as the further prospective of this theme investigation.

scholarly journals Gender aspect of the formation and development of the new intellectual society of Dagestan in 1920s

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
M.Ya. Mirzabekov
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regional Component ◽  
Specialized Education ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gender Aspect

The development of the modern Russian state as a democratic legal society necessitates the analysis and use of the positive experience of previous decades, including its national and regional component. For the first time in the Russian historiography, we have attempted to analyze the gender aspect of the formation and development of the new intelligent society in Dagestan in the 1920s in dynamics. In this, we have relied on factual material, a significant part of which is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, and the studies affecting this scientific problem. At the same time, the article pays special attention to the regional features of the formation and development of the new intelligent society in the multinational republic on the basis of the principles of science, historicism, consistency and objectivity. Completing the analysis of the research problem, the author comes to a well-grounded conclusion that the authorities of Dagestan with the active support of the federal center have done significant work to train specialists with higher and secondary specialized education for the branches of material production and the socio-cultural sphere. However, by the end of the analyzed decade, the region continued to experience serious difficulties in meeting the demands of the economic sectors and the social and cultural sphere in trained specialists, especially from among the Dagestani women.

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