scholarly journals Evaluation of five sugar cane planters

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1110-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco L. C. Rípoli ◽  
Tomaz C. C. Rípoli
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Effective Capacity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Mechanized System ◽  
The Right ◽  
Planting System

Brazil is the world biggest producer of sugar cane with an area of 7x10(6) hectares. Mainly the system used for planting is the semi-mechanized one, which consists in opening the furrows with a machine, manually allocating the fractioned stalks and then covering the furrows done by the machines. The great amount of human labor used in the semi-mechanized system is becoming harder to find and also more expensive, indicating the need of a fully mechanized operation. Currently in Brazil these agriculture machines industries offers six different types of fully mechanized sugar cane planters (two types of whole stalks for planting and four using mechanized harvested stalks known as billets). All of them plant in two furrows simultaneously in 1.5 m row spacing. This study analyzed five different machines and the following variables: Working Speed (km h-1); Effective Capacity (ha h-1), Drawbar Force (kgf), Draw Bar Power (in HP), Fuel Consumption (L h-1) and Costs (US$ ha-1) comparing them with the semi-mechanized system. This research also characterized the stalks for planting as viable gems number (%), non viable gems number (%) and billet length (m). And lastly the mechanized planting system is cheaper than the conventional one and none of the machines has an adequate mechanism for placing the right amount of sugar cane seed.

scholarly journals Computational mechanisms of curiosity and goal-directed exploration

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Schwartenbeck ◽  
Johannes Passecker ◽  
Tobias U Hauser ◽  
Thomas H B FitzGerald ◽  
Martin Kronbichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Gain ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Uncertainty ◽  
Optimal Behaviour

AbstractSuccessful behaviour depends on the right balance between maximising reward and soliciting information about the world. Here, we show how different types of information-gain emerge when casting behaviour as surprise minimisation. We present two distinct mechanisms for goal-directed exploration that express separable profiles of active sampling to reduce uncertainty. ‘Hidden state’ exploration motivates agents to sample unambiguous observations to accurately infer the (hidden) state of the world. Conversely, ‘model parameter’ exploration, compels agents to sample outcomes associated with high uncertainty, if they are informative for their representation of the task structure. We illustrate the emergence of these types of information-gain, termed active inference and active learning, and show how these forms of exploration induce distinct patterns of ‘Bayes-optimal’ behaviour. Our findings provide a computational framework to understand how distinct levels of uncertainty induce different modes of information-gain in decision-making.

scholarly journals Computational mechanisms of curiosity and goal-directed exploration

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Schwartenbeck ◽  
Johannes Passecker ◽  
Tobias U Hauser ◽  
Thomas HB FitzGerald ◽  
Martin Kronbichler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Gain ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Active Inference ◽  
Computational Framework ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
Exploration Exploitation ◽  
High Uncertainty

Successful behaviour depends on the right balance between maximising reward and soliciting information about the world. Here, we show how different types of information-gain emerge when casting behaviour as surprise minimisation. We present two distinct mechanisms for goal-directed exploration that express separable profiles of active sampling to reduce uncertainty. ‘Hidden state’ exploration motivates agents to sample unambiguous observations to accurately infer the (hidden) state of the world. Conversely, ‘model parameter’ exploration, compels agents to sample outcomes associated with high uncertainty, if they are informative for their representation of the task structure. We illustrate the emergence of these types of information-gain, termed active inference and active learning, and show how these forms of exploration induce distinct patterns of ‘Bayes-optimal’ behaviour. Our findings provide a computational framework for understanding how distinct levels of uncertainty systematically affect the exploration-exploitation trade-off in decision-making.

scholarly journals Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Chicken De-Feathering Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 703-711
Author(s):  
Adefuye O.A ◽  
Adedeji K.A ◽  
Fadipe L.O
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Design Calculations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rotating Plate

Due to its low fat and calorie content, chicken meat is popular among non-vegetarians all over the world. The design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of a chicken de-feathering machine using locally available materials are described in this paper. The design calculations were done correctly to guarantee the right shaft diameter, as this might impact the machine's efficiency. The machine uses rubber fingers to do the actual removal of the feathers. The rubber fingers are attached to a rotating plate against a stationary plucking basin carrying protruding rubber fingers. From the analysis, a 1.0 H.P electric motor is required to drive the machine and this was used to drive the machine. Following the design and fabrication of the machine, three different types of chickens were used to test its performance. The chickens were immersed in hot water between 60 and 90 degrees Celsius and held between the 40s and 60s. The machine removed feathers without any major damage to the chickens. At each trial, the efficiency was calculated. In conclusion, the machine performed efficiently and effectively, leaving behind products that are readily marketable. Keywords: [Chicken, De-feathering, Efficiency. Fingers, Scalding, Rubber.]

scholarly journals MUSIC AS A METAPHOR FOR LEADERSHIP, COLLABORATION, MANAGEMENT AND INNOVATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Smita Khanwalkar
Keyword(s):  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Senior Leadership ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Collaboration Management ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
The Right

Different types of music are used throughout the world, especially in Western countries, for positive growth in their performance in most working groups. In which the names of many institutions like Google, Oracle, Rolls Royce, Siemens, Lauriel, Dutchbank, BBC, Nokia, Sandoz, Morgan Stanley etc. can be taken. All these institutions have established dominance in their field and not every person in the field of management is untouched by their name.In order to train their senior leadership in these institutions, they are regularly heard (through band and musical instruments). Which definitely motivates them to work with themselves, colleagues and junior colleagues to execute managerial abilities in the right direction. सम्पूर्ण विष्व में विषेषकर पाष्चात्य देषों में अधिकांष कार्यकारी समूहों में उनके कार्यनिष्पादन में सकारात्मक वृद्धि हेतु विभिन्न प्रकार का संगीत प्रयुक्त किया जाता है। जिनमें गूगल, ओरॅकल, रोल्स रायस, सीमेन्स, लाॅरियाल, डचबैंक, बीबीसी, नोकिया, सेन्डोज, मोर्गन स्टेनले आदि कईं संस्थानों के नाम प्रमुखता से लिये जा सकते हैं। ये सभी संस्थान अपने क्षेत्र में वर्चस्व स्थापित कर चुके हैं एवं प्रबन्धन के क्षेत्र का प्रत्येक व्यक्ति इनके नाम से अछूता नहीं है।इन संस्थानों में उनके वरिष्ठ नेतृत्व को प्रषिक्षित करने के लिये उन्हंे प्रकारान्तर से (बैन्ड एवं वाद्यवृन्द के माध्यम से) संगीत सुनवाया जाता है। जो निष्चित तौर पर उन्हें स्वयम्, सहयोगियों तथा कनिष्ठ साथियों के साथ मिलकर प्रबन्धकीय क्षमताओं को सही दिषा में अंजाम देने हेतु प्रेरित करता है।

CONSUMO DE COMBUSTÍVEL DA COLHEITA MECANIZADA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR EM DIFERENTES VELOCIDADES DE DESLOCAMENTO E ROTAÇÕES DO EXTRATOR PRIMÁRIO

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Murilo Battistuzzi Martins ◽  
Kléber Pereira Lanças ◽  
Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori ◽  
João Vitor Paulo Testa
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Operating Efficiency ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Efficiency Evaluation ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Traveling Speed

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o consumo de combustível da colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar em diferentes velocidades de deslocamento e rotações do extrator primário. O experimento foi conduzido em um canavial colhido sem queima prévia, com a cana-de-açúcar da variedade CTC 15, em seu primeiro estágio de corte e com porte classificado como ereto. O espaçamento entre fileiras foi de 1,5m e a produtividade agrícola média da cultura de 92,5 t ha-1. A colhedora de cana-de-açúcar utilizada foi a de uma linha, operando em três velocidades de deslocamento, sendo V1 (3,0 km h-1), a velocidade V2 (5,0 km h-1) e V3 (7,0 km h-1). Foram utilizadas duas rotações do extrator primário, sendo a R1 de 700 rpm e R2 de 1000 rpm. No experimento foi avaliado o consumo de combustível da colhedora com o uso de fluxômetros assim como o desempenho da mesma. A capacidade de campo efetiva (ha h-1) e o consumo horário efetivo de combustível (L h-1) foram maiores, com o aumento da velocidade de deslocamento da colhedora de cana-de-açúcar e com o aumento da rotação do extrator primário. O estudo mostrou que com o aumento da velocidade de deslocamento da colhedora diminuiu o consumo de combustível por tonelada de cana-de-açúcar colhida (L t-1).PALAVRAS-CHAVE: desempenho; rendimento operacional; avaliação; mecanização. FUEL CONSUMPTION OF SUGARCANE MECHANIZED HERVESTING UNDER PRIMARY EXTRACTOR DIFFERENT SHIFTING SPEEDS AND SPINSABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the fuel consumption of mechanized harvesting of sugar cane under different speeds of displacement and rotation of the primary extractor. The experiment was conducted in a sugar cane variety CTC 15 in its first cutting stage and size classified as erect, harvested without burning. The row spacing was 1.5 m and the average agricultural crop yield of 92.5 t ha-1. The harvester used was of one line, operating in three shift speeds, V1 (3.0 km h-1), V2 (5.0 km h-1), and V3 (7.0 km h-1). Two rotations of the primary extractor were used, the R1 of 700 rpm and R2 of 1000 rpm. Fuel consumption was evaluated by using flowmeters as well as its performance. The effective field capacity (ha h-1) and the actual time fuel consumption (L h-1) were greater increasing traveling speed and rotation. Increased harvester travel speed decreased fuel consumption per ton of sugarcane harvested (L t-1).KEYWORDS: Performance; operating efficiency; evaluation; mechanization.

From ‘Notice and Takedown’ to ‘Notice and Stay Down’: Risks and Safeguards for Freedom of Expression

2020 ◽  
pp. 523-543
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kuczerawy
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
The Right

Since the emergence of the internet industry, policymakers around the world have introduced limited liability regimes, which provide rightholders with enforcement mechanisms to call upon an internet intermediary directly to remedy a wrongdoing to which they believe they have been subject. These mechanisms go generally under the name of notice and action (N&A). This chapter describes the most commonly encountered N&A mechanisms around the world, namely ‘notice and takedown’ (NTD), ‘notice and notice’ (NN), and ‘notice and stay down’ (NSD). The analysis of each mechanism refers to specific national implementations. As all N&A mechanisms provide for the removal or blocking of content, each mechanism also constitutes a potential interference with the right to freedom of expression. The goal of this chapter is to examine how different types of N&A mechanisms amplify the risks to free expression and what safeguards they include to prevent such risks from manifesting themselves.

scholarly journals Analysis of the use bioethanol-pertalite mixtures in motorcycles on fuel consumption efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
B S Wibowo ◽  
F I P Sari ◽  
Y Setiawan ◽  
P Prayitnoadi ◽  
M D Adha
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Consumption Efficiency

Abstract Indonesia is one of the countries in the world that depend on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are non-renewable fuels. The increasing use of fossil fuels causes fossil fuel reserves to dwindle, there is a need for alternative fuels. the use of alternative fuels is the right solution, alternative fuels that have been developed include bioethanol. The research method used in this study used pure pertalite data as a comparison, then continued with a mixture of bioethanol and pertalite with a variety of bioethanol and pertalite mixtures used were 10ml bioethanol 90ml pertalite, 20ml bioethanol 80ml pertalite, and 30ml bioethanol 70ml pertalite. variations of engine speed used 1000, 2000, and 3000 RPM. Then the fuel consumption data analysis was carried out on the engine. The results of the research conducted will get results for RPM 1000 with 10 ml bioethanol content, there will be less fuel consumption than pure pertalite as well as 20 ml. In the 3000 RPM Round with 10 ml bioethanol content, the fuel consumption is more efficient than pure pertalite, the same thing with bioethanol with 20 ml levels, the fuel consumption is less than pertalite.

Peran Pengawasan Internal Dalam Menghindari Kutukan Sumber Daya Alam

Liquidity ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Andilo Tohom
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Rich Country ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The World ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Right

Indonesia is one of many countries in the world so called resource-rich country. Natural resources abundance needs to be managed in the right way in order to avoid dutch diseases and resources curses. These two phenomena generally happened in the country, which has abundant natural resources. Learned from Norwegian experiences, Indonesian Government need to focus its policy to prevent rent seeking activities. The literature study presented in this paper is aimed to provide important insight for government entities in focusing their policies and programs to avoid resources curse. From the internal audit perspective, this study is expected to improve internal audit’s role in assurance and consulting.

Knowledge and Awareness of Dengue Fever

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-222
Author(s):  
Y. Arockia Suganthi ◽  
Chitra K. ◽  
J. Magelin Mary
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Dengue Prevention ◽  
And Control

Dengue fever is a painful mosquito-borne infection caused by different types of virus in various localities of the world. There is no particular medicine or vaccine to treat person suffering from dengue fever. Dengue viruses are transmitted by the bite of female Aedes (Ae) mosquitoes. Dengue fever viruses are mainly transmitted by Aedes which can be active in tropical or subtropical climates. Aedes Aegypti is the key step to avoid infection transmission to save millions of people in all over the world. This paper provides a standard guideline in the planning of dengue prevention and control measures. At the same time gives the priorities including clinical management and hospitalized dengue patients have to address essentially.

PENERAPAN PRINSIP PERSONA NON GRATA TERHADAP DUTA BESAR DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL (STUDI KASUS PENGANIAYAAN TKI OLEH DUTA BESAR ARAB SAUDI DI JERMAN)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Devi Yusvitasari
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The World ◽  
Diplomatic Immunity ◽  
The Right

A country needs to make contact with each other based on the national interests of each country related to each other, including among others economic, social, cultural, legal, political, and so on. With constant and continuous association between the nations of the world, it is one of the conditions for the existence of the international community. One form of cooperation between countries in the world is in the form of international relations by placing diplomatic representation in various countries. These representatives have diplomatic immunity and diplomatic immunity privileges that are in accordance with the jurisdiction of the recipient country and civil and criminal immunity for witnesses. The writing of the article entitled "The Application of the Principle of Non-Grata Persona to the Ambassador Judging from the Perspective of International Law" describes how the law on the abuse of diplomatic immunity, how a country's actions against abuse of diplomatic immunity and how to analyze a case of abuse of diplomatic immunity. To answer the problem used normative juridical methods through the use of secondary data, such as books, laws, and research results related to this research topic. Based on the results of the study explained that cases of violations of diplomatic relations related to the personal immunity of diplomatic officials such as cases such as cases of persecution by the Ambassador of Saudi Arabia to Indonesian Workers in Germany are of serious concern. The existence of diplomatic immunity is considered as protection so that perpetrators are not punished. Actions against the abuse of recipient countries of diplomatic immunity may expel or non-grata persona to diplomatic officials, which is stipulated in the Vienna Convention in 1961, because of the right of immunity attached to each diplomatic representative.

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