scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity and acute and chronic toxicity of the essential oil of Lippia origanoides

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1153-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane A. Andrade ◽  
Anna C. Almeida ◽  
Dayane S. Souza ◽  
Keila G.F. Colen ◽  
Auricélio A. Macêdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Currently, there is a growing interest in medicinal plants, because of an increased demand for alternate therapies. In this study, the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of the essential oil of Lippia origanoides (L. origanoides) were investigated. The essential oil of L. origanoides was extracted by steam-dragging distillation and its constituents were identified by chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Among the 15 compounds identified, the most abundant were carvacrol (29.00%), o-cymene (25.57%), and thymol methyl ether (11.50%). The essential oil was studied in antimicrobial assays to determine the MIC and MBC. The results indicated that a concentration of 120μL/mL of oil was sufficient to inhibit the growth of the following microorganisms: Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Salmonella cholerasuis (ATCC 10708). Acute and chronic toxic effects of orally administered oil were investigated in Wistar rats by using standard methods. Doses of 30, 60 and 120mg/kg of the essential oil did not induce significant changes in weight, behavior or hematological and biochemical parameters in the animals. There were no signs of any histopathological changes to the liver, kidneys or heart of the treated rats, suggesting that Lippia origanoides oil is non-toxic after oral administration in acute or chronic toxicity studies. The results obtained in this study show that the essential oil of L. origanoides has a high safety margin, with no detectable toxic effects in rats treated with doses to 120mg/kg. In addition, L. origanoides oil demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli and S. cholerasuis. Based on these findings, this essential oil may have practical application as a veterinary antimicrobial.

scholarly journals Edible Films from Carrageenan/Orange Essential Oil/Trehalose—Structure, Optical Properties, and Antimicrobial Activity

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Jancikova Simona ◽  
Dordevic Dani ◽  
Sedlacek Petr ◽  
Nejezchlebova Marcela ◽  
Treml Jakub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflectance ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Film Properties ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Edible Packaging ◽  
Orange Essential Oil

The research aim was to use orange essential oil and trehalose in a carrageenan matrix to form edible packaging. The edible packaging experimentally produced by casting from an aqueous solution were evaluated by the following analysis: UV-Vis spectrum, transparency value, transmittance, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-Transform spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and antimicrobial activity. The obtained results showed that the combination of orange essential oil with trehalose decreases the transmittance value in the UV and Vis regions (up to 0.14% ± 0.02% at 356 nm), meaning that produced films can act as a UV protector. Most produced films in the research were resistant to Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus), though most films did not show antibacterial properties against Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. FTIR and SEM confirmed that both the amount of carrageenan used and the combination with orange essential oil influenced the compatibility of trehalose with the film matrix. The research showed how different combinations of trehalose, orange essential oils and carrageenan can affect edible film properties. These changes represent important information for further research and the possible practical application of these edible matrices.

Growth Inhibition of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes by Carvacrol and Eugenol Encapsulated in Surfactant Micelles

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2559-2566 ◽  
Author(s):  
SYLVIA GAYSINSKY ◽  
P. MICHAEL DAVIDSON ◽  
BARRY D. BRUCE ◽  
JOCHEN WEISS
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Surfactant Concentration ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Surfactant Micelles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Oil Components

Growth inhibition of four strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (H1730, F4546, 932, and E0019) and Listeria monocytogenes (Scott A, 101, 108, and 310) by essential oil components (carvacrol and eugenol) solubilized in nonionic surfactant micelles (Surfynol 465 and 485W) was investigated. Concentrations of encapsulated essential oil components ranged from 0.02 to 1.25% depending on compound, surfactant type, and surfactant concentration (0.5 to 5%). Eugenol encapsulated in Surfynol 485W micelles was most efficient in inhibiting growth of the pathogens; 1% Surfynol 485W and 0.15% eugenol was sufficient to inhibit growth of all strains of E. coli O157:H7 and three of four strains of L. monocytogenes (Scott A, 310, and 108). The fourth strain, L. monocytogenes 101, was inhibited by 2.5% Surfynol and 0.225% eugenol. One percent Surfynol 485W in combination with 0.025% carvacrol was effective in inhibiting three of four strains of E. coli O157:H7. Strain H1730 was the most resistant strain, requiring 0.3% carvacrol and 5% surfactant for complete inhibition. Growth inhibition of L. monocytogenes by combinations of carvacrol and Surfynol 465 ranged between 0.15 and 0.35% and 1 and 3.75%, respectively. Generally, the antimicrobial activity of Surfynol 465 in combination with eugenol was higher than that for the combination with carvacrol. The potent activity was attributed to increased solubility of essential oil components in the aqueous phase due to the presence of surfactants and improved interactions of antimicrobials with microorganisms.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Thymus serpyllum Essential Oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 432-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta WESOŁOWSKA ◽  
Monika GRZESZCZUK ◽  
Dorota JADCZAK ◽  
Paweł NAWROTEK ◽  
Magdalena STRUK
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Total Oil

The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Thymus serpyllum and Thymus serpyllum‘Aureus’ has been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty-seven compounds (99.67% of the total oil) wereidentified in the essential oil of T. serpyllum. The main components found in the oil were carvacrol (37.49%), -terpinene (10.79%), -caryophyllene (6.51%), p-cymene (6.06%), (E)--ocimene (4.63%) and -bisabolene (4.51%). Similarly, carvacrol (44.93%), -terpinene(10.08%), p-cymene (7.39%) and -caryophyllene (6.77%) dominated in the oil of T. serpyllum ‘Aureus’. A total of forty three compounds wereidentified in this oil, representing 99.49% of the total oil content. On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the content of 1-octen-3-ol,eucalyptol, (Z)--ocimene, (E)--ocimene, -terpinene, carvacrol methyl ether, germacrene D and -bisabolene was significantly higher for T.serpyllum while T. serpyllum ‘Aureus’ was characterized by a significantly higher content of 3-octanone, 3-octanol, p-cymene, borneol andcarvacrol. The isolated essential oils were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against nine reference strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcusaureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Proteus vulgaris and Candidaalbicans) by the microdilution technique. Based on this test, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of essential oil were calculated. Thevolatile oil obtained from T. serpyllum showed the highest antimicrobial activity relative to the strain of E. coli (MIC=0.025 μL/mL) and to theyeast C. albicans (MIC=0.05 μL/mL). Similarly, a significant antimicrobial activity exhibited T. serpyllum ‘Aureus’ essential oil, although the MICvalues obtained in that case for E. coli and C. albicans strains were twice as high and were respectively 0.05 μL/mL and 0.1 μL/mL.

Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Thymus algeriensis wild-growing in Libya

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulhmid Giweli ◽  
Ana Džamić ◽  
Marina Soković ◽  
Mihailo Ristić ◽  
Petar Marin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Dpph Assay ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Thymus Algeriensis ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

AbstractThe composition of essential oil isolated from Thymus algeriensis growing wild in Libya was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil was characterized with thymol (38.50%) as the major component. The oil was screened for antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, and compared to thymol and carvacrol. Antioxidant activity was high, with the IC50 of 0.299 mg/ml, compared to 0.403 and 0.105 mg/ml for thymol and carvacrol, and 0.0717 mg/ml for BHA. In addition, antimicrobial activity was tested against eight bacteria and eight fungi. T. algeriensis oil showed inhibitory activity against tested bacteria at 0.001–0.05 mg/ml, while bactericidal activity (MBC) was achieved at 0.0025–0.05 mg/ml. For antifungal activity MICs ranged 0.0005–0.025 mg/ml and MFC 0.001–0.05 mg/ml. High antimicrobial activity against the fungi in particular suggests that the essential oil of Thymus algeriensis could have a useful practical application.

scholarly journals SUB-ACUTE TOXICITY OF A STEROIDAL GLYCOSIDE FROM THE FLOWERS OF ALANGIUM SALVIIFOLIUM WANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Adeeba Anjum ◽  
Ashik Mosaddik ◽  
Mir Imam Ibne Wahed ◽  
Md. Ekramul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Steroidal Glycoside ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

The current study was carried out to investigate the sub-acute toxicity of 3-O--D-glucopyranosyl-(24)-ethylcholesta-5,22,25-triene, a steroidal glycoside isolated from the flowers of Alangium salviifolium Wang on Long Evan’s rat. After intra-peritoneal administration of the compound at a dose of 300 μg/rat/day for 14 consecutive days, no mortality or significant changes in body weight or behavior were observed. The blood samples of the rats were examined for hematological and biochemical parameters which were statistically insignificant when compared to that of the control group. All the vital organs showed normal histopathological architecture (heart, lungs, liver and kidney) in comparison to the control group. This preliminary investigation demonstrate that the compound is safe at dose of 300 μg/rat/day for 14 consecutive days. But acute, sub-chronic and chronic toxicity evaluations as well as clinical trials need to be done.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Using Molecular Markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hend A. Hamedo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Rosemary Essential Oil

Technological application of essential oils, as natural antimicrobial agents, to reduce the effect of pathogenic microorganisms, requires new methods of detection. The present work evaluated the parameters of antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on two pathogenic strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The MBC and MIC values were of 2.5, 25 μl ml-1, and values of 1.25 and 5 μl ml-1 for the two strains respectively. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis for its potential to establish antimicrobial effect of rosemary essential oil. For the preliminary assessment, this study compared the effects occurring at molecular levels in E. coli and Staph. aureus exposed to rosemary essential oil at the MIC concentrations for the two organisms. The qualitative modifications arising in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles as a measure of DNA effects were compared with control which showed many differences. In conclusion, the measurement of parameters at molecular levels is valuable for investigating the specific effects of agents interacting with DNA.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and toxicological evaluation of ethanol leaf extract of Salacia lehmbachii

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustine Dick Essien ◽  
Godwin Christian Akuodor ◽  
Gloria Ahunna Ajoku ◽  
Anthony Uchenna Megwas ◽  
Donatus Onyebuchi Anele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Shigella Species ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Toxicological Investigation ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Abstract The leaves of Salacia lehmbachii are used ethnomedically across Africa for the treatment of different diseases its antimicrobial activity as well as toxicological profile were evaluated. Antimicrobial activity against clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococus aureus, Shigella species, Eschericha coli and Proteus mirabilis were compared with Gentamycin. Toxicological investigation was determined by administering 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of the ethanol leaf extract to male Wistar rats for 21 days with distilled water as control. Hematological and biochemical parameters as well as the vital organs were examined. The ethanol extract inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa, S. typhi, S. aureus, Shigella species, E. coli and P. mirabilis to varying extents. The LD50 in rats was greater than 5000 mg/kg. Toxicological evaluation of the extract did not produce any significant effect on hematological and biochemical parameters and vital organs in rats. S. lehmbachii ethanol leaf extract did not demonstrate antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms. Neither did it show any non-toxic effect on the parameters investigated in rats. Thus the extract can be considered safe when administered orally.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Basil Essential Oil Antimicrobial Agents under Different Shading Treatments and Harvest Times

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1574
Author(s):  
Zoran S. Ilić ◽  
Lidija Milenković ◽  
Ljubomir Šunić ◽  
Nadica Tmušić ◽  
Jasna Mastilović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Exposure Control ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Growing Conditions

The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of essential oils obtained from sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L. cv. ‘Genovese’) cultivated in the open field under different shading conditions (red, blue, and pearl nets with a shade index of 50% and full sunlight exposure (control plants)), harvested at different times. The antimicrobial activity of basil essential oils (BEOs) obtained from all samples was determined for four microorganisms, while determinations for an additional five microorganisms included samples from non-shaded plants, plants grown under red and pearl nets, and second harvest of plants grown under blue net. Basil essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity surpassing the activity of relevant commercial antibiotics regardless of growing conditions in the case of B. cereus, K. pneumoniae and C. albicans, while superior antimicrobial activity was exhibited in the case of essential oils from plants grown under blue nets in the case of S. aureus, E. coli and P. vulgaris. The influence of the application of colored shading nets was highly significant (p < 0.01) in the cases of all analyzed microorganisms except C. albicans and P. aeruginosa, while the influence of harvest time was proven in the cases of all microorganisms except K. pneumoniae. ANOVA proved that antimicrobial activities are highly dependent on the methods of plant production, shading treatment, and harvest time. Obtained results are discussed in relation to previously determined composition and yield of essential oils from basil grown under shade nets and harvested in different periods.

scholarly journals Biological activities (antioxidant and antimicrobial activity) of the aqueous extracts and essential oil of Ammoides verticillata (Nounkha)

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Ramdane MOHAMED SAID ◽  
Nabahat BENMANSOUR
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stable Free Radical ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Clinical Action ◽  
Ammoides Verticillata ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Low Activity

The phytochemical review conducted on the aerial part Ammoides verticillata has revealed the presence of six chemical families: flavonoids, tannins; gallic tannins, anthocyanins and the coumarins, cateichic tannins. The aqueous extract of the Ammoides verticillata could bring back the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) to the yellow-colored diphenylpicrylhydrazine with an IC50 of 0.020 mg.mL-1. It is gifted with antioxidant activity, however it was less effective than vitamin C (0.001 mL-1). The essential oil of the Ammoides verticillata has presented a strong antimicrobial activity against Gram negatif germs targets of original clinical action: E. coli (ESBL) (37 mm), E. coli (39.5 mm), Klebsiella pneumoniae (36.5 mm) and especially with the yeast: Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (47 mm) and Saccharomyces cerevisie ATCC (42 mm), which are highly sensitive to the oil inhibitory action. However, the oil has presented a low activity against the bacteria P. aeruginosa (12.5 mm).

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