scholarly journals Sorption of oxadiazon in soils cultivated in the brazilian cerrado

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-225
Author(s):  
K.F. Mendes ◽  
M.R. Reis ◽  
A.A. Pereira ◽  
A.R.S. Nunes ◽  
C.E.M. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The objective of this study was to evaluate oxadiazon sorption in different soils of the Brazilian Cerrado, highlighting the correlations of lethal doses of this herbicide capable of inhibiting 50% of the dry matter accumulation of the bio-indicator (LD50) among the chemical characteristics of the soil and its direct and indirect effects. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a randomized block design and four repetitions. Each experimental unit consisted of a pot with increasing rates of oxadiazon and oat (Avena sativa), as the bio-indicator species. For sorption evaluation, washed sand and 22 soils (substrates) from Cerrado Brazilian's Alliaceae cultivated areas were used. LD50 and sorption ratio (SR) = [(LD50soil - LD50sand)/LD50sand] to the substrates were determined. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the chemical characteristics of the substrates and the LD50 of oxadiazon. A path analysis was quantified, to deploy only the significant correlations estimated in direct and indirect effects of the characters on LD50, which is a basic variable. A more pronounced LD50 (528.09 g ha-1) for the Cerrado soil sample resulted in higher SR (> 53.00), while in the washed sand substrate, LD50 corresponded only to 9.74 g ha-1 of the oxadiazon (available in soil). It was concluded that oxadiazon sorption is influenced by the chemical characteristics of the soils, highlighting the correlation with pH (CaCl2), magnesium content, aluminum, organic matter, organic carbon, and aluminum saturation.

scholarly journals Grain Yield and Its Associations With Pre-harvest Sprouting in Wheat

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Alexsander Rigatti ◽  
Daniela Meira ◽  
Tiago Olivoto ◽  
Carine Meier ◽  
Maicon Nardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Lower Tolerance

This study aimed to evaluate direct and indirect effects of agronomic traits importance on grain yield with focus in pre-harvest sprouting. Experiment was conducted in 2017 crop season, and conducted in a randomized block design, with three replications, with eight wheat cultivars (BRS Sábia, CD 105, CD 1104, CD 1440, Frontana, Jadeíte 11, Mirante and ORS Vintecinco). Grain yield and its components were evaluated, as well as other important traits such as pre-harvest sprouting. Data were submitted to variance analysis; and phenotypic, genotypic and environmental correlations were estimated to understand grain yield expression, direct and indirect effects of its components were evaluated through path analysis. Cultivar BRS Sabiá showed shorter cycle, cultivar CD 1104 was highlighted in number of spikes per area, hectoliter weight and grain yield. And cultivars Frontana, CD 1440 and ORS Vintecinco presented the best tolerances pre-harvest sprouting. Grain yield showed high and positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with number of ears per square meter. Furthermore, high positive direct effect of pre-harvest sprouting on grain yield, revels lower tolerance for cultivars with high grain yield. Number of spikes per square meter showed intermediate and positive direct effect and pre-harvest sprouting had the greatest direct effect on grain yield.

scholarly journals Contribution of nitrogen on industrial quality of oat grain components and the dynamics of relations with yield

2021 ◽  
pp. 334-342
Author(s):  
Rubia Diana Mantai ◽  
José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva ◽  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Francine Lautenchleger ◽  
Roberto Carbonera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Relationship Dynamics ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

Understanding the magnitude of contribution and relationships of industrial quality components to yield by nitrogen stimulation can drive strategies with benefits to the food industry. The objective of this study is to measure and interpret the contribution and relationship dynamics of the components of oat industrial quality with grain and industry yield by nitrogen stimulation, partitioning the correlation values in direct and indirect effects by path diagnosis, in proposing strategies that promote benefits to the food industry. The study was conducted from 2011 to 2016, in a randomized block design with four replications in 4x2 factorial for nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) and oat cultivars (Barbarasul and Brisasul) in separate environments soybean/oat and corn/oat succession system. The increase of nitrogen promoted greater change in the mass of caryopsis in soybean/oat system and the thousand grain mass and number of grains greater than 2 mm in corn/oat system, with a tendency of reduction. In soybean/oat system, grain and industry yields can be simultaneously incremented by direct increase via one thousand grain mass and indirect increase by caryopsis mass. In corn/oat system the grain yield does not show any relationship with industrial quality variables. However, the industral productivity is benefited by the increase of the number of grains larger than 2 mm. The management proposition in the improvement of the grain and industry productivity characteristics by nitrogen is dependent on the high succession and reduced N-residual release systems

scholarly journals Productive and chemical characteristics of Marandu grass in response to poultry manure and soil chiseling

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-533
Author(s):  
Edson S. Eguchi ◽  
Ulysses Cecato ◽  
Antonio S. Muniz ◽  
Carlos A. L. de Oliveira ◽  
Raphael A. C. Murano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Plant Chemical ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Red Latosol

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive and chemical characteristics of Marandu grass fertilized with poultry manure with or without the use of soil chiseling, during a period of 210 days. The experiment was conducted in a Dark-Red Latosol (Haplustox) of sandy texture, in a randomized block design with 4 replicates, in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme (0, 1.037, 2.074, 4.148, 6.222 t ha-1 of poultry manure and an additional treatment with chemical fertilizer based on 2.074 t ha-1, with and without soil chiseling). Grass-cutting management was performed between 95% of light interception by the canopy and the residual height of 0.15 m. The application of poultry manure resulted in an increase of forage production with higher number of cuts (NC). A linear model described the effect of the applied manure doses on dry matter accumulation (DMA), stems + sheaths (SS) and dead material (DM). There was significant interaction between manure doses and soil managements for leaf blade (LB), with greater variations in the treatment without soil chiseling. For plant chemical evaluation, a negative effect of poultry manure was observed on the contents of Ca, Mg, N, S, Mn and Zn, which may be due to the increased number of cuts. Poultry manure positively changed the production of Marandu grass.

scholarly journals Nitrogen management in the relationships between oat inflorescence components and productivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-393
Author(s):  
Rubia D. Mantai ◽  
José A. G. da Silva ◽  
Manuel O. Binelo ◽  
Airam T. Z. R. Sausen ◽  
Dênis S. Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Management ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Industrial Productivity ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Industrial Yield

ABSTRACT Among oat inflorescence components there are different magnitudes of contribution to expression of grain and industrial productivity by nitrogen stimulation. Thus, it was proposed to size and interpret the contribution and dynamics of the relationships of oat inflorescence components with grain and industrial yield by N-fertilizer stimulation, partitioning correlation values into direct and indirect effects by path diagnosis, strengthened by the joint analysis of different agricultural years. The study was carried out from 2011 to 2016, in the municipality of Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil, in a randomized block design with four repetitions in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme for nitrogen doses (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1), using oat cultivars (Barbarasul and Brisasul) in soybean/oat and corn/oat systems. In the soybean/oat system, the mass and the number of panicle spikelets and the mass of panicle grains, contributed more to promoting changes by the increase of nitrogen. In the corn/oat system, the variables with the highest contribution are the mass and the number of panicle spikelets. The increase in panicle grain mass and in panicle harvest index increases grain yield, however, together with the number of panicle grains, they reduce industrial productivity, regardless of the cultivation system.

scholarly journals 251 Evaluation of Condensed Algal Residue Solubles as an Ingredient in Cattle Finishing Diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 137-138
Author(s):  
Calvin Gibbons ◽  
Andrea K Watson ◽  
Galen E Erickson ◽  
Bradley M Boyd ◽  
Levi J McPhillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Algae Oil

Abstract Algae oil production for Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation yields a byproduct called Condensed Algal Residue Solubles (CARS; 25.4% DM, 19.3% CP, 8.3% Fat, 9.96% Na on DM basis), de-oiled algae cells with residual fermentation substrates. This study evaluated the use of CARS in feedlot finishing diets. Crossbreed steers, (n=480) were blocked and stratified by initial body weight (BW) into 4 blocks, and assigned randomly to treatments. Treatments were designed as a 2 x 3 factorial with 3 inclusions of CARS (0, 2.5, 5% of diet DM) and 2 different base diets representing Northern and Southern Great Plains diets. The Southern diets contained steam flaked corn and dry distillers grains while the Northern diets had dry rolled and high moisture corn with wet distillers grains. CARS replaced corn in both diets. All blocks were harvested after 148 days on feed. Performance data were analyzed as a randomized block design with CARS inclusion, base diet, and interactions as fixed effects, BW block as a random effect and pen (n=48) as the experimental unit. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test linear and quadratic effects of CARS inclusion. There were no significant interactions between CARS inclusion and diet type (P ≥ 0.49). Main effects of CARS indicated positive quadratic responses for carcass adjusted ADG, G:F, 12th rib back fat, yield grade (P < 0.01; increasing to 2.5% inclusion, decreasing at 5%) and hot carcass weight was both linear and quadratic (P ≤ 0.01 and P ≥ 0.06 respectively; 969, 977, 935 as CARS increased). Linear decrease in DMI, final adjusted BW and ribeye area (P ≤ 0.01) as CARS increased. Cattle fed the Southern diets had greater ADG and G:F compared to Northern diets (P < 0.01). Including 2.5% CARS in the diet improved feed efficiency in both Northern and Southern based feedlot diets.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TRAITS IN FISÁLIS: A TOOL FOR INDIRECT SELECTION OF SUPERIOR PLANTS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLE TREVISANI ◽  
RITA CAROLINA DE MELO ◽  
MAURO PORTO COLLI ◽  
JEFFERSON LUÍS MEIRELLES COIMBRA ◽  
ALTAMIR FREDERICO GUIDOLIN
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Physalis Peruviana ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Fruit Diameter

ABSTRACT Knowledge about associations between traits is fundamental for plant breeding, since indirect selection can accelerate the development of promising genotypes. This study assessed the magnitude of associations between agronomically important traits in fisális (Physalis peruviana L). The experiment was conducted in Lages, Santa Catarina, and the treatments consisted of six fisális populations. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with two replications and seven plants per plot. The correlations between traits were estimated based on the Pearson correlation coefficients and partitioned into direct and indirect effects through path analysis. Fruit weight was positively correlated with number of seeds (0.874), equatorial fruit diameter (0.738) and polar fruit diameter (0.672). By path analysis, number of seeds was identified as the trait with the highest direct contribution to fruit weight. The high phenotypic correlations between the equatorial and polar fruit diameters with fruit weight were mainly due to the indirect effect via number of seeds (0.505 and 0.459). The selection for heavier fisális fruits was strongly influenced by number of seeds, i.e., this trait should be taken into account for selection.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different corn textures in dry grain or silage forms for piglets from 7 to 15 kg

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1757-1761
Author(s):  
José Vieira Neto ◽  
Vinícius de Souza Cantarelli ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
Nikolas de Oliveira Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Large White ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Independent Form ◽  
Ensilage Corn

The objective of this study was to evaluate different textures and storage forms of corn in piglet diets. Two experiments were conducted, one of which tested digestibility of nutrients and the other diet performance. In the digestibility trial, 24 crossbred (Landrace X Large White) barrows with an initial weight of 18.7 ± 1.5 kg were used. They were kept in metabolic cages in a randomized block design using the factorial arrangement 2 X 2 (type of corn - dent and flint X type of storage - moist grain silage and dry grain) and six replicates, with one animal as the experimental unit. The values of metabolizable energy (ME) obtained were 3841 kcal of ME/kg of dry matter (DM) from dry corn, 3912 kcal of ME/kg of DM from moist corn, 4022 kcal of DM from ensiled dry corn and 3928 kcal of ME/kg of DM from ensiled humidity corn. The ensilage process increases the digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein and increases the digestible energy of the diets, independent of the process form. The type of corn did not influence these variables. In the performance trial, 60 barrows (initial weight of 6.5 ± 1.5 kg) of the same stock were used during 28 days of post-weaning distributed in the same experimental design, with five replicates and three animals as the experimental unit. The treatments did not influence the daily weigh gain or the daily feed intake. The dentate corn and the ensilage process decreased the feed conversion of the independent form (no significant interaction). The substitution of dry for ensilage corn increased the digestibility of the nutrients in the diets and the feed conversion of the piglets from 7 to 15 kg. Dentate corn promotes best feed conversion in this phase.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of beet plants irrigated with saline water and silicon application

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. E3113
Author(s):  
José Sebastião de Melo Filho ◽  
Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽  
Anderson Carlos de Melo Gonçalves ◽  
Leonardo Vieira de Sousa ◽  
Mario Leno Martins Véras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Although not considered an essential element, silicon can be used to increase crop productivity, especially under stress conditions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the gas exchange of beet plants irrigated with saline water depending on the application of silicon. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 5 x 5 factorial, referring to five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (ECw): (0.5; 1.3; 3.25; 5.2 and 6.0 dS m-1) and five doses of silicon (0.00; 2.64; 9.08; 15.52 and 18.16 mL L-1), with six beet plants as an experimental unit. The effect of treatments on beet culture was evaluated at 30 and 60 days after irrigation with saline water from measurements of internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency using the LCpro+Sistem infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). Irrigation with saline water reduced the gas exchange of beet plants at 60 days after irrigation, but at 30 days after irrigation, the use of saline water increased stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and internal carbon concentration. The application of silicon decreased stomatal conductance, internal carbon concentration and efficiency in the use of water, but increased the rate of net photosynthesis, the rate of transpiration and instantaneous efficiency of carboxylation at 30 and 60 days after irrigation.

scholarly journals Phenotypic adaptability of cotton genotypes to the brazilian cerrado for yield and fiber quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara Fávero Cotrim ◽  
Francisco José Correa Farias ◽  
Luiz Paulo de Carvalho ◽  
Larissa Pereira Ribeiro Teodoro ◽  
Carlos Antonio da Silva Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Fiber Strength ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Gxe Interaction ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cotton Genotypes ◽  
High Predictability ◽  
Fiber Traits

Studies on the adaptability and stability are fundamental for plant breeding as they are an alternative to reduce the effects of genotypes x environments interaction (GxE). Moreover, they help identify cultivars with predictable behavior, which are responsive to environmental improvements, subsidizing cultivar recommendation. This study aimed to investigate the genotypes x environments interaction in cotton genotypes grown in the Brazilian Cerrado and identify genotypes for favorable and unfavorable environments. During the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons, 19 competition trials were carried out with cotton in a randomized block design, with 12 treatments, and four replications. The traits cotton seed yield, fiber percentage, fiber length, and fiber strength were evaluated. Results revealed significant GxE interaction for all the fiber traits evaluated. Genotype BRS 369 RF revealed general adaptability and high predictability for the fiber traits evaluated.

scholarly journals Respostas de cultivares de girassol a doses crescentes de boro na entressafra do Cerrado Tocantinense

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
A. Capone ◽  
A. S. Dario ◽  
M. Z. Menegon ◽  
R. R. Fidelis ◽  
H. B. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Best Responses ◽  
Achene Production ◽  
Leaf Boron

<p class="Default">No cerrado brasileiro a deficiência de boro no solo ocorre com maior frequência. A cultura do girassol é muito sensível à deficiência deste micronutriente, além de apresentar pouca eficiência em seu aproveitamento. Neste contexto, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar as respostas de cultivares de girassol a doses crescentes de boro no período da entressafra no cerrado tocantinense. O experimento foi conduzido em Gurupi, (TO), com sistema de plantio direto em sucessão a soja, sobre Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quinze tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos num esquema fatorial simples 3 x 5, constituído por três cultivares de girassol (variedade Br 122, híbridos Aguará 4 e Helio 863) e cinco doses de ácido bórico (0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>). As características avaliadas foram: altura de planta, diâmetro da haste, diâmetro do capítulo, concentração de boro foliar, massa de mil aquênios e produtividade de aquênios. A dose de 3 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> de boro proporcionou, em sua grande maioria, as melhores respostas das cultivares Br 122, Aguará 4 e Helio 863 quanto às características avaliadas. No entanto, com esta dose, a cultivar Aguará 4 apresenta melhor aproveitamento para produção de aquênios.</p><p class="Default" align="center"><strong><em>Responses of sunflower cultivars to increasing doses of boron in the </em></strong><strong><em>between harvests the Cerrado Tocantinense</em></strong><strong><em></em></strong></p><p class="Default"><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>:</strong> In the brazilian cerrado soil boron deficiency occurs more frequently. The sunflower crop is very sensitive to this micronutrient deficiency, and have little efficiency in its use. In that context, aimed to of this study was to evaluate the response of sunflower cultivars to increasing doses of boron during the between harvests in the cerrado tocantinense. The experiment was conducted in Gurupi (TO), with no-tillages soybeans in succession on dystrophic Red Yellow Latosol. The experimental design was a randomized block design with fifteen treatments and four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial 3 x 5 simple, composed of three cultivars of sunflower (variety Br 122, hybrid Aguará 4 and Helio 863), and five doses of boric acid (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>). The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter, head diameter, leaf boron concentration, weight of thousand achenes and productivity achenes. The dose of 3 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> resulted boron, mostly, the best responses of the cultivars Br 122, Aguará 4 and Helio 863 on the characteristics evaluated. However, at this dose, the cultivar Aguará 4 has better use for achene production.</p><p class="Default"> </p>

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