scholarly journals Management of Ascochyta rabiei by Chenopodium album Extracts

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Z. SHERAZI ◽  
K. JABEEN ◽  
S. IQBAL ◽  
Z. YOUSAF
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ascochyta Rabiei ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Serial Dilution Method

ABSTRACT Chenopodium album, leaves were selected to evaluate their antifungal potential against Ascochyta rabiei causative agent for chickpea blight. Different concentrations of methanolic extract of C. album leaves i.e. 1%, 2.5%, 4%, 5.5% and 7% were tested against the target fungus A. rabiei. Maximum reduction in the test fungal biomass (68%) was observed in 7% concentration. This methanolic leaf extract was partitioned and n-butanol, chloroform, n-hexane, ethyl acetate fractions were isolated according to their polarity. In vitro antifungal activity of these fractions was studied by serial dilution method. n-hexane fraction exhibited the highest antifungal potential with 55% inhibition in test fungal biomass, so this fraction was selected for Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Total thirteen compounds identified in this analysis belonged to class aromatic hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons, saturated fatty acids, aromatic carboxylic acid, siloxanes, phosphonates and cardiac glycosides. These compounds might be responsible for antifungal activity of C. album.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Cotinus coggygria from Marche Region (Italy)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Fraternale ◽  
Donata Ricci
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Cotinus Coggygria ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The present study reports the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analyses of the essential oil from flowering aerial parts of Cotinus coggygria Scoop. (Anacardiaceae), as well as its in vitro antifungal activity against nine plant pathogenic fungi. Moreover, the essential oil was evaluated for its antifungal activity using the agar dilution method, and also MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations) and MFCs (minimum fungicidal concentrations) were determined. The major compounds identified by GC-MS were limonene (49.2%), (Z)-β-ocimene (13.6%), α-pinene (8.8%) and (E)-β-ocimene (5.9%). The oil showed in vitro antifungal activity against some species of the Fusarium genus, Botrytis cinerea, and Alternaria solani. Our study indicates that the oil of C. coggygria could be used as a control agent for plant pathogenic fungi in natural formulations.

scholarly journals Antifungal potential of improved crude extracts of Mitracarpus scaber (Zucc) against Candida guilliermondii and Candida parapsilosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
E. K. Kporou ◽  
C. Ibourahema ◽  
A. J. Ackah ◽  
S. Ouattara
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Candida Guilliermondii ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Mitracarpus Scaber

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate antifungal potential of improved crude extracts of Mitracarpus scaber Zucc., an ivorian traditional medicinal plant against two species of clinical yeast isolates: Candida parapsilosis and Candida guilliermondii.Methods: For evaluation of antifungal activity, double dilution method in slope tubes was used. Crude extracts of M. scaber were prepared by extracting with a blender in aqueous and hydroalcohol. In first; Aqueous (XAq) and Hydroalcoholic (X0) extracts were evaluated, and secondary the crude extract X0 was improved by partition in mixture of aqueous and hexanic solvent 50:50 v/v. Each dried phase was also examined. A phytochemical screening has been performed on most active extracts.Results: In vitro antifungal activity showed that crude extract X0 was the most active with MIC = 6.25 mg/ml. Among the extracts obtained by partition from extract X0, extract X11 (Hexanic phase) was the better with lowest antifungal parameters MIC and MFC range between 1.562 mg/ml and 0.781 mg/ml and IC50 range between 0.73 mg/ml to 0.598 mg/ml. In addition, the most active extract contained only terpens and steroids.Conclusions: Antifungal activity of M. scaber was improved by partition of an hydroalcoholic extract (X0) in mixture hexane-water 50:50 v/v. Hexanic phase (X11) was more active against C. parapsilosis and C. guilliermondii.

scholarly journals Antifungal and Antibacterial Metabolites from a French Poplar Type Propolis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Séverine Boisard ◽  
Anne-Marie Le Ray ◽  
Anne Landreau ◽  
Marie Kempf ◽  
Viviane Cassisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Weak Activity ◽  
Agar Dilution

During this study, thein vitroantifungal and antibacterial activities of different extracts (aqueous and organic) obtained from a French propolis batch were evaluated. Antifungal activity was evaluated by broth microdilution on three pathogenic strains:Candida albicans, C. glabrata, andAspergillus fumigatus. Antibacterial activity was assayed using agar dilution method on 36 Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains includingStaphylococcus aureus. Organic extracts showed a significant antifungal activity againstC. albicansandC. glabrata(MIC80between 16 and 31 µg/mL) but only a weak activity towardsA. fumigatus(MIC80= 250 µg/mL). DCM based extracts exhibited a selective Gram-positive antibacterial activity, especially againstS. aureus(SA) and several of its methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) strains (MIC10030–97 µg/mL). A new and active derivative of catechin was also identified whereas a synergistic antimicrobial effect was noticed during this study.

Biodegradable polymers-based nanoparticles to enhance the antifungal efficacy of fluconazole against Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Saleh ◽  
Soha Elshaer ◽  
Germeen Girgis
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Double Emulsion ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Antifungal Efficacy

Background: Fluconazole (FLZ), a potent antifungal medication, is characterized by poor water solubility that reduced its antifungal efficacy. Objective: This study aimed to prepare FLZ-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) by using different polymers and techniques as a mean of enhancing the antifungal activity of FLZ. Methods: NP1, NP2, and NP3 were prepared by the double emulsion/solvent evaporation method using PLGA, PCL, and PLA, respectively. The ionotropic pre-gelation technique was applied to prepare an alginate/chitosan-based formulation (NP4). Particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity were characterized. FT-IR spectra of FLZ, the polymers, and the prepared NPs were estimated. NP4 was selected for further in-vitro release evaluation. The broth dilution method was used to assess the antifungal activity of NP4 using a resistant clinical isolate of Candida albicans. Results: The double emulsion method produced smaller-sized particles (<390 nm) but with much lower encapsulation efficiency (< 12%). Alternatively, the ionic gelation method resulted in nanosized particles with a markedly higher encapsulation efficiency of about 40%. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the loading of the FLZ molecules in the polymeric network of the prepared NPs. The release profile of NP4 showed a burst initial release followed by a controlled pattern up to 24 hours with a higher percent released relative to the free FLZ suspension. NP4 was able to reduce the value of MIC of FLZ by 20 times. Conclusion: The antifungal activity of FLZ against C. albicans was enhanced markedly via its loading in the alginate/chitosan-based polymeric matrix of NP4.

scholarly journals GC-MS ANALYSIS AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC ROOT EXTRACT OF Chenopodium album AGAINST Sclerotium rolfsii

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ALI ◽  
A. JAVAID ◽  
A. SHOAIB
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Ms Analysis

ABSTRACT Sclerotium rolfsii is a soil-borne fungal plant pathogen that causes diseases in more than 500 plant species. Chemical fungicides used to control this disease cause environmental pollution, therefore, plant derived compounds can be used as alternative to synthetic fungicides to reduce environmental pollution. Chenopodium album is a weed of family Chenopodiaceae that is used as food and also has medicinal importance. In the present study, antifungal activity of methanolic root extract of C. album was evaluated against S. rolfsii using six concentrations viz. 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 g 100 mL-1 amended in malt extract as growth medium. All the root extract concentrations significantly reduced fungal biomass by 15-58% over control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the methanolic root extract of C. album was performed. Six compounds were identified in methanolic root extract through GC-MS analysis. The most abundant compound was 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester (58.56%) followed by 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (12.75%) and 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (10.27%), which might be responsible for antifungal activity of methanolic root extract of C. album.

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF Cannabis sativa AGAINST Aspergillus flavipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-453
Author(s):  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Arshad Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Aspergillus Flavipes ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Cannabis sativa L. is a medicinally important weed of family Cannabaceae generally grows along road-sides and waste-lends in Punjab, Pakistan. In the present study, antifungal effect of leaf extract of this weed was assessed against Aspergillus flavipes. Methanolic leaf extract of the weed was partitioned into five fractions using organic solvents of variable polarities. A range of concentrations (1.562 to 200 mg mL-1) of each fraction was used in laboratory bioassays. n-Butanol fraction showed the highest antifungal activity followed by chloroform and n-hexane fractions causing 68–82%, 52–82% and 42–82% decrease in biomass of A. flavipes. Ethyl acetate showed a moderate antifungal potential while aqueous fraction showed the least antifungal activity causing 47–76% and 38–73% reduction in fungal biomass, respectively. This study concludes that n-butanol fraction of leaf extract of C. sativa is highly effective in controlling growth of A. flavipes.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Polysulfides-Rich Essential Oil of Ferula Latisecta Fruits against Human Pathogenic Dermatophytes

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Iranshahi ◽  
Abdolmajid Fata ◽  
Bahareh Emami ◽  
Bibi Mohadeseh Jalalzadeh Shahri ◽  
Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

The increase in dermatophytoses and the fact that some patients do not respond well to therapy make it necessary to find new antifungal agents. As part of our ongoing studies on medicinal plants from Iran, we studied antidermatophytic activities of Ferula latisecta essential oil, which had shown considerable antifungal activity in preliminary antimicrobial screening. Antifungal activity was evaluated by determination of MIC values using the agar dilution method on type strains of Candida albicans and dermatophytes. The composition of the oil was characterized by GC and GC/MS analyses. The essential oil was rich in polysulfides (75.2%) and exhibited good activity against Trichophyton rubrum and T. verrucosom for about three weeks, with a MIC value 96 μg/mL. The oil showed antifungal activity, especially against dermatophytes, and the activity is probably related to the sulfur-containing components of the oil. This study has identified that the polysulfides-rich essential oil of Ferula latisecta fruits has activity against a range of human pathogenic dermatophytes, justifying future clinical trials to validate its use as a therapeutic alternative for dermatophytosis.

scholarly journals Effect of the Chemical Composition of Free-Terpene Hydrocarbons Essential Oils on Antifungal Activity

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3532
Author(s):  
Ben Salha ◽  
Herrera Díaz ◽  
Lengliz ◽  
Abderrabba ◽  
Labidi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Food Spoilage Fungi

In this study, Carum carvi L. essential oil (CEO) and Origanum majorana L. essential oil (MEO) was steam-distillated under reduced pressure. We henceforth obtained three fractions for each essential oil: CF1, CF2, CF3, MF1, MF2, and MF3. Then, these fractions were characterized using the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The results indicated that some fractions were rich in oxygenated compounds (i.e., CF2, CF3, MF2, and MF3) with concentrations ranging from 79.21% to 98.56%. Therefore, the influence of the chemical composition of the essential oils on their antifungal activity was studied. For this purpose, three food spoilage fungi were isolated, identified, and inoculated in vitro, in order to measure the antifungal activity of CEO, MEO, and their fractions. The results showed that stronger fungi growth inhibitions (FGI) (above 95%) were found in fractions with higher percentages of oxygenated compounds, especially with (−)-carvone and terpin-4-ol as the major components. Firstly, this work reveals that the free-terpenes hydrocarbons fractions obtained from MEO present higher antifungal activity than the raw essential oil against two families of fungi. Then, it suggests that the isolation of (−)-carvone (97.15 ± 5.97%) from CEO via vacuum distillation can be employed successfully to improve antifungal activity by killing fungi (FGI = 100%). This study highlights that separation under reduced pressure is a simple green method to obtain fractions or to isolate compounds with higher biological activity useful for pharmaceutical products or natural additives in formulations.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus saprophyticus L-38 produces volatile 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-epoxybutane with strong inhibitory activity against Aspergillus flavus germination and aflatoxin production

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Gong ◽  
G.J. Sun ◽  
Z.Y. Zhao ◽  
Y.C. Liao ◽  
J.B. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Aflatoxin Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Peak Area ◽  
Staphylococcus Saprophyticus

Controlling proliferation and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus is a pressing challenge for global food safety and security. Marine bacterium Staphylococcus saprophyticus strain L-38 showed excellent antifungal activity toward A. flavus in vitro and in vivo. In sealed, non-contact confrontation assays, L-38 completely inhibited conidial germination and mycelial growth of A. flavus through the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 3,3-dimethyl-1,2-epoxybutane (3-DE) as the most abundant VOC (32.61% of total peak area, 78% matching). Exposure of A. flavus cultures to synthetic 3-DE similarly demonstrated strong inhibition of growth. Moreover, culture of L-38 in a sealed chamber with maize or peanuts artificially inoculated with A. flavus, at high water activity, resulted in significant inhibition of A. flavus germination and aflatoxin biosynthesis. Scanning electron microscopy of these samples revealed severe damage to conidial cells and hyphae compared to samples not exposed to L-38. L-38 also showed broad and effective antifungal activity toward eight other phytopathogenic fungi including Aspergillus niger, Fusarium verticillioides, Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata, Monilinia fructicola, and Botrytis cinerea. This work introduces S. saprophyticus L-38 as a potential biocontrol agent and demonstrates the efficacy of the volatile 3-DE in the control of A. flavus and other destructive plant pathogens for post-harvest food safety.

scholarly journals Essential Oil of Common Sage (Salvia officinalisL.) from Jordan: Assessment of Safety in Mammalian Cells and Its Antifungal and Anti-Inflammatory Potential

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Abu-Darwish ◽  
C. Cabral ◽  
I. V. Ferreira ◽  
M. J. Gonçalves ◽  
C. Cavaleiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
No Production ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Salvia officinalisL. (Lamiaceae) is a Mediterranean species, naturalized in many countries. In Jordan, it is used in traditional medicine as antiseptic, antiscabies, antisyphilitic, and anti-inflammatory, being frequently used against skin diseases. This study aimed the assessment of the antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of its essential oils, and their cytotoxicity on macrophages and keratinocytes. The oils were investigated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the antifungal activity was evaluated against yeasts, dermatophyte andAspergillusstrains. Assessment of cell viability was made by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and thein vitroanti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by measuring nitric oxide production using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages. The main compounds ofS. officinalisoils were 1,8-cineole (39.5–50.3%) and camphor (8.8–25.0%). The oils revealed antifungal activity against dermatophyte strains and significantly inhibited NO production stimulated by LPS in macrophages, without affecting cell viability, in concentrations up to 0.64 μL/mL. This is the first report addressing thein vitroanti-inflammatory potential ofS. officinalisoil. These findings demonstrated that bioactive concentrations ofS. officinalisoils do not affect mammalian macrophages and keratinocytes viability making them suitable to be incorporated in skin care formulations for cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes.

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