scholarly journals Weed Management in Beans Using Subdoses of Fluazifop-P-Butyl + Fomesafen

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. GALON ◽  
C.T. CASTOLDI ◽  
C.T. FORTE ◽  
F.A. DE DAVID ◽  
G.F. PERIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Efficient Control

ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of reduced doses of the commercial mixture composed of fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen, applied for the management of common weeds in beans. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design, with a 5x2+1 factorial arrangement and with four replications. In factor A, there were five percentual doses (100, 87.5, 75.0, 62.5 and 0.0%), in relation to the recommended commercial dose (2 L ha-1) of fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen, which corresponded to 2.00; 1.75; 1.50; 1.25 and 0.00 L ha-1. Factor B was composed by two development stages of black beans (three and eight trefoils) and weeds: black-jack (two to four and four to eight leaves) and southern crabgrass (two leaves to one tiller and one to four tillers) with one weeded control treatment. The variables evaluated for the control of black-jack and southern crabgrass were: herbicide phytotoxicity to the crop, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 1,000 grain weight and grain yield of the crop. The results demonstrated that the use of fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen, at all evaluated doses evaluated and application periods, caused low phytotoxicity to the crop, less than 12%. The use of reduced doses of this herbicide presents efficient control of black-jack and southern crabgrass, mainly at the initial development stages of these weed species. The economic threshold dosage of fluazifop-p-butil + fomesafen to control these weeds was 1.23 L ha-1.

scholarly journals Efecto de medicamentos homeopáticos en plantas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Fernando Abasolo Pacheco ◽  
Boris Bonilla Montalván ◽  
Cesar Bermeo Toledo ◽  
Yarelys Ferrer Sánchez ◽  
Andy Jafet Ramirez Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Development Stages

Agrochemical use in horticultural cultivations generates negative effects, thus the need for searching to decrease or eliminate its use by means of other less toxic techniques. Agricultural homeopathy represents an alternative for ecological agriculture, impacting positively in cultivation development. The effect of four homeopathic medicines for human use were assessed in two centesimal dynamizations (7CH and 13CH) [(Silicea Terra (SiT), Natrum muriaticum (NaM), Zincum phosphoricum (ZiP) and Phosphoricum acidum (PhA)], and a control treatment (distilled water) on tomato plant germination, emergence, and initial development. The treatments were established under a randomized complete block design with three repiclates. Germination and emergence rate and percentage and morphometric variables (plant height, radicle length, dry and wet weight) were assessed, including the variables in stem diameter and wet and dry leaf weight, number of branches, leaves, and buds in the vegetative development stage. Signif icant differences were observed in all the morphometric variables assessed in function of the different development stages, homeopathic medicines, and their different dynamizations. During germination, greater growth in stem length was observed with ZiP-7CH (5.5 ± 0.98 cm) compared to the control group (4.3 ± 1.10 cm). During the emergence stage, the treatments SiT-7CH (6.6 ± 1.11 cm) and ZiP-7CH (5.9 ± 1.41 cm) increased stem length signif icantly whereas with PhA-7CH, the best effects were obtained in the variables assessed during the vegetative development stage, LT (94 ± 8.31 cm), leaf number (No hojas) (131 ± 27.71), fresh stem biomass (BFT) (17.20 ± 2.45 g), wet leaf biomass (BFH) (30 ± 7.72 g), dry leaf biomass (BSH) (2 ± 0.61 g), fresh root biomass (BFR) (10 ± 6.26 g), dry root biomass (BSR) (1 ± 0.43 g), and number of flower buds (No H) (6 ± 7.10). The homeopathic medicines applied impacted positively during the initial and vegetative development stages of tomato under controlled conditions. This research study represents and advance in the sustainable management of tomato cultivation.

scholarly journals Physiological Characteristics of Trees Recommended for the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Herbicides

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. AGUIAR ◽  
J.B. SANTOS ◽  
E.A. FERREIRA ◽  
C.M. CABRAL ◽  
I.M. PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lower Variation

ABSTRACT: Herbicides are inputs with a high volume of use in agricultural production systems for weed management; however, the environmental contamination they cause is a reality. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of tree species used for the phytoremediation of herbicides in the soil, to atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D, through the evaluation of photosynthetic indices. Thus, a randomized block design experiment was conducted with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement, where the first factor represented the herbicides atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D and the control treatment without herbicide (water). The second factor consisted in the use of pre-selected tree species for the phytoremediation of soils with residues of the products [Eremanthus crotonoides DC. (candeia), - Richeria grandis Vahl (richeria), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl) Marchand, (breu-branco) Kielmeyera latrophyton Saddi, Kew Bull, (pau-santo) Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess (guanandi)]. The herbicides were applied through dishes placed under the culture containers of the plants, when they presented eight months of development. After 15 days from the herbicide application, the visual intoxication, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber (Ci), and water use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated. The herbicides affected differently the physiological characteristics of the tree species; atrazine was the most harmful product. Individuals under the effect of 2,4-D and clomazone presented lower variation for their physiological characteristics, compared to the respective control treatments. Breu-branco, despite showing low visual intoxication provided by the herbicides, was the most affected species by the products. On the other hand, candeia was the most tolerant species to the action of the herbicides.

scholarly journals Efficacy of chemical and cultural weed management practices on nutrient uptake in black gram (Phaseolus mungo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Kavita D. Rajput ◽  
J. P. Bholane ◽  
A.S. Latkar ◽  
V.M. Bhale
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Hand Weeding

The results of the field experiment carried out during kharif season of 2010 at agronomy department farm, Dr.P.D.K.V.,Akola revealed that N,P,K uptake by black gram (Phaseolus mungoL.) and weeds were significantly higher under weed free and weedy check treatments among all of the weed control treatments. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design replicated three times with thirteen treatments, in that chemical and cultural treatments were compared with weedy check and weed free control. Herbicide application in general and pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @1.5kg/ha in particular reduced the nutrients removal by weeds and enhanced the nutrient uptake by the crop followed by cultural practices of two hand weeding at 15 & 30 days after sowing. The pre-emergence application of pendimethalin in @ 1.5 kg/ha recorded highest nutrient uptake in grain (34.92, 6.50, 34.16 NPK kg/ha resp.) and strover (63.26, 10.60, 57.60 NPK kg/ha resp.) among all the weed control treatment except weed free treatment. The crude protein content of grain was the highest with pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @ 1.5 kg/ha (21.65) followed by pendimethalin @ 1.0 kg/ha (21.55).

scholarly journals Potential and Persistence of the Inhibitory Effect of Sorghum on Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. BIESDORF ◽  
L.D. PIMENTEL ◽  
M.F.F. TEIXEIRA ◽  
E. BIESDORF ◽  
P.H.H. SALLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Inhibitory Interaction ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Weed Infestation

ABSTRACT: The inhibitory interaction between plants may be an important strategy of integrated weed management (IWM). This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of sorghum on phytosociology and infestation of weeds during cultivation and after harvest. An experiment was carried out in the field in a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement. Plots consisted of sorghum and corn (control) and subplots were composed of different periods of weed community assessment after crop harvest (DAH) (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days). An increased number of species and botanical families was observed after harvest. Degradation of sorghum and corn straw reached the stabilization at 60 DAH. Although sorghum has presented a lower amount of straw and soil cover, weed infestation was, on average, 30% lower in relation to areas cultivated with corn. Sorghum showed an inhibitory effect on some weed species, influencing phytosociology, especially during the first 40 DAH, and can be used as part of IWM strategy.

scholarly journals Impact of Weed Management Practices on Biomass and Grain Yield of Two Varieties of Paddy in Lowland Area of Far-Western Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
M. D. Bhatt ◽  
S. R. Pant ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
Weeds Control

Experiments were conducted in two varieties of transplanted paddy (cv. Radha-4 and Neemai) during the rainy season of 2004-2005 in the Far-Western Terai region of Nepal to assess the effect of weed management practice. Four experiments were conducted in randomized block design with three replications viz. unweeded (T0), weed free (TT), manured plus twice hand-weeded after 25 and 50 days of transplanting (T1), and chemical fertilizer plus butachlor (weedicide) application (1.5 kg ha-1) (T2). A total of 48 weed species were identified with densities of 208 ind. m-2 in Radha-4 and 196 ind. m-2 in Neemai. The mean maximum biomass of paddy in weed-free plots were 3553.6 and 3588.4 g m-2 in Radha-4 and Neemai respectively. This biomass was more or less similar to twice hand-weeded plots and herbicide treated plots being 1.3% lowering in both the varieties, compared to weed-free plots. Compared to weed-free plots, the biomass reduction in unweeded plots was recorded 26.1% lower in Radha-4 and 26.3% in Neemai. The weed biomass was recorded highest in unweeded plots (296.9 and 236.2 g m-2) and lowest 155.7 and 109.1 g m-2 in twice hand-weeded plots. The trend of grain yield in both the varieties were: weed free (TT) > manured plus twice hand-weeded after 25 and 50 days of transplanting (T1) > chemical fertilizer plus butachlor application (1.5 kg/ha) (T2) > unweeded (T0).Key words: Rice; Weeds control; Western Terai; BiomassDOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3157Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 15-20

scholarly journals Glyphosate tolerant volunteer corn control at two development stages

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Costa ◽  
L.H.S. Zobiole ◽  
C.A. Scariot ◽  
G.R. Pereira ◽  
G. Moratelli
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Volunteer Corn ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Two Stages

The loss of grains during the harvest of glyphosate tolerant corn may generate volunteer plants, which can interfere in the conventional or glyphosate crop in succession. The current work aim to evaluate the control of the volunteer corn glyphosate tolerant under two weed stages. Aimed to evaluate the control of volunteer glyphosate tolerant corn in two stages of development. There were conducted two experiments with hybrid 2B688 HR (lepidoptera and glyphosate tolerant), the application were at V5 and V8 stage. The experiment was randomized block design with four replicates, using the treatments: haloxyfop at 25, 50 and 62 g ha-1 alone and associated with 2,4-D at 670 g ha-1 or fluroxypyr at 200 g ha-1. The standard was clethodim at 84 g ha-1 with 2,4-D and fluroxypyr at same rates. The applications of haloxyfop and clethodim both isolated or in a mixture with 2,4-D and fluroxypyr at V5 stage showed total control (100%) at 32 and 39 days after the application, except for haloxyfop + 2,4-D (25 + 670 g ha-1) mixture, which did not provided adequate control. At V8 stage, haloxyfop + 2,4-D (50 + 670 g ha-1) and haloxyfop + 2,4-D (62 + 670 g ha-1) mixtures took up to 6 and 10 days or longer to reach adequate to excellent control, when compared to haloxyfop isolated applications in the same doses, respectively. Either isolated clethodim or mixed with 2, 4-D and fluroxypyr did not show adequate control. The treatments showed efficient control on volunteer corn plants at V5 stage, except for haloxyfop + 2, 4-D (25 + 670 g ha-1) mixture. At V8 stage applications, haloxyfop either isolated or mixture with fluroxypyr demonstrated excellent control on every evaluated dose. The mixture with 2, 4-D can reduce haloxyfop efficiency at low doses. Clethodim alone or mixed with 2,4-D or furoxypyr did not provide acceptable level of control.

scholarly journals Herbicide efficacy on Borreria densiflora control in pre- and post-emergence conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A.B. Martins ◽  
P.J. Christoffoleti
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures

The weed Borreria densiflora is a management issue in soybean and sugarcane crops from North and Northeastern Brazil. Knowledge upon chemical control of B. densiflora contributes to the integrated management of this weed species, especially when active ingredient options become reduced due to the selection of herbicide resistant or tolerant weed species. Experiments in pre- and post-emergence of B. densiflora were conducted in greenhouse, in a randomized block design and four replications. In pre-emergence, the dose-response curve methodology was used and 7 herbicides were tested. In post-emergence, 9 herbicides at the recommended rate and 4 herbicide mixtures were tested. For pre and post-emergence conditions, evaluations were conducted at 60 and 21 days after treatment (DAT), respectively, and the variables analyzed were weed control and dry weight (%). The results showed options of pre-emergent herbicides that can be used for controlling B. densiflora, especially in sugarcane, where chemical weed control is mainly based on pre-emergent applications. In the current glyphosate resistance scenario, one should consider the use of pre-emergent herbicides within an integrated management of B. densiflora. For satisfactory post-emergence control, B. densiflora plants should be sprayed at the phenological stage of up to three pairs of leaves. Herbicide mixtures have been and will continue to be an important tool in chemical weed management, broadening the spectrum of weed control, while diversifying herbicide mechanisms of action, which helps to prevent or delay the appearance of herbicide resistance.

Bio-efficacy of post emergence herbicides in boro rice nursery as well as main field and their residual effects on non-target microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Rajib Kundu ◽  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Ratneswar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Similar Treatment

Field experiments were conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India (22°97' N latitude and 88°44' E longitude, 9.75 m above mean sea level) under natural weed infestations in boro season rice (nursery bed as well as main field) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the herbicidal effects on weed floras, yield, non-target soil organisms to optimize the herbicide use for sustainable rice-production. Seven weed control treatments including three doses of bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (150,200, and 250 ml ha-1), two doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC (500 and 625 ml ha-1), one weed free and weedy check were laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Among the tested herbicides, bispyribac-sodium with its highest dose (250 ml ha-1) resulted in maximum weed control efficiency, treatment efficiency index and crop resistance index irrespective of weed species and dates of observation in both nursery as well as main field. Similar treatment also revealed maximum grain yield (5.20 t ha-1), which was 38.38% higher than control, closely followed by Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (625 ml ha-1) had high efficacy against grasses, sedge and broadleaf weed flora. Maximum net return (Rs. 48765 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.72) were obtained from the treatment which received bispyribac-sodium @ 250 ml ha-1. Based on overall performance, the bispyribac-sodium (250 ml ha-1) may be considered as the best herbicide treatment for weed management in transplanted rice as well as nursery bed.

scholarly journals Cycle pruning programmed on the grain yield of arabica coffee

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Corona Baitelle ◽  
Abraão Carlos Verdin Filho ◽  
Sílvio de Jesus Freitas ◽  
Guilherme Bessa Miranda ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches ◽  
Productive Development

ABSTRACT The cycle pruning programmed is a reinvigoration technique widely employed in Conilon coffee. This strategy may also be adopted for Arabica coffee to increase its crop longevity and yield. In this scenario, the present study proposes to examine the influence of the cycle pruning programmed on the vegetative and productive development of Arabica coffee. The experiment was developed in the field as a randomized-block design with four replicates. Treatments were tested in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of four stem densities (4000, 8000, 12000 or 16000 stems ha-1) and two management strategies for the removal of plagiotropic branches (annual or biennial removal of branches which had reached 70% or more of their production capacity). For some variables, the treatments were organized as a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in which the last factor corresponded to two regions of data collection in the plant (upper or lower). For all factorial arrangements, an additional treatment (control) was employed corresponding to traditional pruning (recepa). Annual or biennial removal of plagiotropic branches which had attained 70% or more of their production capacity can be adopted with no losses to crop yield. The cycle pruning programmed improves the distribution of branches, increases canopy area and prevents the occurrence of the “naked neck” phenomenon, observed in control treatment. Additionally, it provides better agronomic and productive performance; therefore, it can be used as a substitute for recepa.

scholarly journals Interference of Urochloa plantaginea on Morphophysiology and Yield Components of Black Beans

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Milena Barretta Franceschetti ◽  
Leandro Galon ◽  
Maico André Michelon Bagnara ◽  
Renan Pawelkiewicz ◽  
Leonardo Brunetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Black Beans ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Among the factors which affect crop productivity, there are weeds which compete for environment resources. The objective of this work was to determine the periods of interference of alexandergrass on the morphophysiology and productivity components of black beans. The experiment was conducted in a complete randomized block design with four replications. The bean cultivar of the black type used was IPR Uirapuru, being the treatments separated in two models of interference: in the coexistence group, the crop of the bean lived with the alexandergrass by growing periods of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and throughout the cycledays after emergence and throughout the cycle; in the control group the crop was kept free of the infestation for the same periods described previously. At 42 DAE were evaluated the variables related to plant morphology and physiology (height of bean plants, number of trifoliate leaves, dry mass plant, number of grains pods, number od pods plants, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, photosynthetic activity, efficiency of carboxylation, efficient use of water, transpiration rate). Considering the results, it is possible to conclude that the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP) comprises 24 to 50 DAE, the period before the interference (PBI) was 24 DAE and the total period of interference prevention (TPIP) was 50 days and that the morphological and physiological variables of the plants were negatively affected in the coexistence with the alexandergrass when compared to the treatments kept free of weeds throughout the crop cycle.

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