scholarly journals Allelopathic Influence of Sorghum Aqueous Extracts and Sorghum Powder on Germination Indices and Seedling Vigor of Hybrid Corn and Jungle Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. YAR ◽  
E.A. KHAN ◽  
I. HUSSAIN ◽  
B. RAZA ◽  
M.S. ABBAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Single Cross ◽  
Untreated Check ◽  
Germination Indices ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT: Allelopathy has become a paramount tool for controlling weeds in crop plants without deteriorating the environment. Allelopathic effects of sorghum aqueous extracts and sorghum powder on a single cross maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid “HC-8080” and a summer weed, jungle rice (Echinochloa colona L.) were assessed in the research laboratory of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan. The treatments included: T1: control (untreated check), T2: sorghum aqueous extract at a rate of 5 mL kg-1 soil, T3: sorghum aqueous extract at a rate of 10 mL kg-1 soil, T4: sorghum aqueous extract at a rate of 15 mL kg-1 soil, T5: sorghum powder at a rate of 5 g kg-1 soil, T6: sorghum powder at a rate of 10 g kg-1 soil and T7: sorghum powder at a rate of 15 g kg-1 soil. The results unveiled that sorghum aqueous extract at a rate of 15 mL kg-1 soil was the most deleterious treatment which reduced the germination percentage (GP) in maize and E. colona by 23.57% and 47.03%, germination index (GI) by 22.30% and 42.14%, root length by 32.25% and 62.54% and shoot length by 23.22% and 62.76%, respectively over control. Similarly, 15 g kg-1 soil sorghum powder reduced the same parameters respectively by 18.85% and 41.09%, 15% and 33.53%, 9.3% and 54.69% and 15.88% and 45.34% in maize and E. colona, respectively and stood better than other powder treatments. Therefore it is concluded that sorghum extracts and powder can both be used to control weeds efficiently but their deleterious effect on the corresponding crop should also be an important consideration.

Assessing allelopathic potential of Sonchus oleraceus L. (milk thistle) on germination and seedling growth of Oryza puncta

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan ◽  
Saima Anwar ◽  
Rizwan Maqbool Maqbool ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin Amin ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Javaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Oryza Punctata

ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF TITANIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AND BULK ON GERMINATION CHARACTERISTICS AND ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITY OF AVENA SATIVA L. SEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Moein Iranmanesh ◽  
◽  
Abolfazl Beyraghdar ◽  
Homa Mahmoodzadeh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme

The aim of this study is to compare the effects of different concentrations of nano and bulk titanium oxide on germination characteristics and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in Avena Sativa L. The titanium oxide nanoparticles diameter was determined about 40 nm using AFM, DLS, XRD analysis. In this study, based on a completely randomized design, seeds were placed in Petri dishes containing different concentrations of nano and bulk titanium oxide (50, 150, 250, 350 ppm). Three replications were considered for each concentration and the germination factors and antioxidant enzyme activity in the treated plant were compared with the control. The average data were compared using one-way ANOVA analysis and DUNCAN tests. According to the results, the following parameters of seedling vigor index, root length, dry weight, wet weight, guaiacol peroxidase enzyme, and polyphenol oxidase were statistically significant. The highest germination percentage, relative germination percentage, germination rate, weight germination index and shoot length were observed at 250 ppm bulk titanium oxide. In addition, the highest average germination time, seedling vigor index, optimum seedling index, and root length were observed in 50 ppm bulk titanium oxide treatment and the highest shoot length was observed in 250 ppm nano-titanium oxide treatment. In the enzyme activity, the highest activity of guaiacol peroxidase enzyme was observed in 150 ppm bulk titanium oxide treatment and the highest Polyphenol oxidase enzyme activity was observed in bulk titanium oxide 350 ppm treatment.

scholarly journals In vitro allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of sugarcane on germination parameters of wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Zahir MUHAMMAD ◽  
Manzoor HUSSAIN ◽  
Habib AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Germination Indices ◽  
Germination Parameters

Allelopathy – interactions among plants for resources along with competition – is a composite phenomenon which has spacious potentials of application in agriculture. Understanding of interactions among plants, particularly cultivated crops, may be helpful in modifying crop cultivation pattern with consequent yields increments. In this study, we investigated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of root, stem peels and leaves of sugarcane (<em>Saccharum officinale</em> L.) cultivar <em>51</em> at concentrations 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 g/l on germination indices and seedling biomass of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) cultivar <em>Pirsabak-2005</em>. Results demonstrated that higher concentration (10.0 g/l) of extracts of root, stem peels and leaves significantly decreased mean germination time (MGT) but increased shoot and seminal root growth and seedling dry biomass; however, germination percentage was affected neither by extract concentration nor by plant parts used in the study. Extract concentrations up to 7.5 g/l had no effect on the studied parameters of wheat. Our result suggests that sugarcane’s allelopathy demonstrates healthy effects on wheat growth and that wheat could be cultivated in sequential rotation in field conditions.

scholarly journals A, The EXPLORING THE ALLELOPATHIC AND HERMETIC EFFECT OF KHATAMI (Altheae officinalis) ON EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF RADISH (Raphanus sativus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-330
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Abstract Crop plants release biochemicals into surrounding environment that help in obtaining maximum yield of crop by acting bioherbicide at high concentration and plant growth hormone at low concentration. Therefore, this study was planned at Department of Agronomy in Weed Science Laboratory, University of Agriculture Faisalabad during Winter 2018 to evaluate the hermetic effects of Althaea officinalis L. (khatami) on vegetable crop Radish (Raphanus sativus) The experiments were laid out under completely randomized design (CRD) having three replications. The aqueous extracts of A. officinalis L. were used on radish different concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 80%). Data regarding seed germination and seedling growth (shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root dry weigh) of radish were recorded using standard procedures. Results Reveals that the aqueous extract of A. officinalis at higher concentration (80%) act as bioherbicide and produced inhibitory effects on R. sativus result in Maximum time to 50% germination (4.68 days) and mean germination time (9.05 days) while minimum germination index (3.60), germination percentage (85.00%), shoot length (42.4 cm), root length (25.90 cm), shoot fresh weight (53.30 g) and root fresh weight (13.30 g). While at lower concentration (10%) it shows hermetic effect and produce maximum germination percentage (100.00%), shoot length (58.2 cm), root length (52.0 cm), shoot fresh weight (90.00g), root fresh weight (26.30 g) minimum time to complete 50% germination (3.36 days), germination index (6.00%) and mean germination time (5.73 days) growth. In A. officinalis among different phenolic compound minimum Syringic acid (0.60%) and maximum Quercetion (12.3%) compound was found. Therefore, it was concluded from this study that aqueous extract of officinalis can be used as growth promoter at lower concentration while at higher concentration for environmentally friendly control of weeds.

A, The Phytotoxic effects of Sonchus oleraceus L. on emergence and seedling growth of Echinocloa cruss-galli

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 433-446
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ather Nadeem ◽  
Saima Anwar ◽  
Rizwan Maqbool ◽  
Muhammad Yasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
Emergence Percentage

The study was aimed to explore the phytotoxic potential of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the emergence and seedling growth of Echinocloa cruss-galli L. and quantification of allelochemicals present in leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus weed. The experiment comprised of aqueous extracts of leaf, roots and fruits applied at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8% (w/v) along with a control (0%). Data regarding seed emergence, emergence index, emergence percentage, root length, shoot length and seedling dry weight was recorded. All the tested concentrations of all parts of S. oleraceus significantly inhibited the seed emergence, emergence index, emergence percentage (%) and growth and delayed mean emergence time and time taken to 50% emergence of E. cruss-galli weed. However, maximum mean emergence time (5.20 days) and time taken to 50% emergence (3.49 days), were noted at 8% concentration of fruit and leaf aqueous extract, respectively. Fruit aqueous extract at 8% concentration caused the lowest germination index (1.70), germination percentage (40%), root length (0.09 cm), shoot length (0.45 cm) and dry weight (0.16 g) of E. cruss-galli. Results suggested that the extract of S. oleraceus weed at concentration (8%) can be used as potential bio-herbicide for the control of E. cruss-galli weed.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of Arachis Hypogaea L. Varieties, from the INIAP-Ecuador Germplasm Bank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Tacán ◽  
César Tapia ◽  
César Pérez ◽  
Eddie Zambrano ◽  
Alma Mendoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Embryonic Axes ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is recognized as one of the most important legume crops globally for its use in human food; it is widely distributed and cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cryopreservation of five peanut varieties conserved in the INIAP Germplasm Bank, testing cryopreservation methods, evaluating the germination percentage of whole seeds and embryonic shoots. Subsequently, two quantitative variables, shoot length and root, were evaluated. The average germination percentage of varieties and treatments was higher when embryonic axes were isolated with 99.31% than 86.06% seeds. The best germination percentage of the five varieties for seeds and embryonic shoots was obtained by the Peruvian variety with 88.13% and 92.50%. The best treatments by variety for the germination of whole seeds and embryonic axes were obtained by the treatment (desiccation and NL) for whole seeds (GS2) with 95.42% and embryonic axes with 92.83%. Ageing and cryopreservation treatments positively affected germination and seedling vigor in whole seeds and embryonic axes. The two quantitative variables, shoot and root length showed variability between the five varieties; significant differences were observed between the four treatments evaluated for whole seeds and embryonic axes. The three treatments for whole seeds (GS1, GS2 GS3) and the non-cryopreserved control treatment (GSC), as well as the treatments for embryonic axes (GEA1, GEA2 GEA3) and the non-cryopreserved control treatment (GEAC), obtained good survival. They germinate whole seeds and embryonic axes with sprout development (aerial part) and root formation. With the most effective treatments for whole seeds (GS2) and embryonic axes (GEA2), the cryopreservation of the national peanut collection of the INIAP Germplasm Bank could be started.

scholarly journals Seed Priming Significantly Affects Germination and Post Germination Early Seedling Growth in Okra

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Rima
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling

AbstractSeed priming significantly affects germination and post germination emergence in seedling of plants. Okra is an important vegetable plays significant role in human nutrition. However, little information is available regarding effect of seed priming on germination and post germination early vegetative growth. Therefore, a pot experiment was conducted to find out the effect of seed priming on the emergence and seedling vigor in different okra varieties. Six local Bangladeshi okra varieties were primed in water for 24 hours and evaluated their germination and post germination emergence. The varieties were named as V1-V6 (V1 = Flash power, V2 = Durga, V3 = BARI dheros-2, V4 =Okra pornota, V5 =Dandy all green, V6 = Boishakhi). Post priming evaluation was done based on germination percentage, root-shoot length of seedlings, seedling height, and dry weight of seedlings, germination index and speed of germination at different days after sowing (5-15 DAS). Highest germination was observed in V3 (88.00%) and lowest was in V5 (25.33%). Root length was highest in V3 and V4 (8.77cm) and lowest was observed in V2 (5.15cm). Shoot length of the seedlings was highest in V3 (7.94cm) followed by V1 (7.33). Shoot length of the seedlings was lowest in V5 (5.12cm). Seedling height was highest in V3 (16.71cm) which was followed by V6 (16.26cm). The lowest seedling height was observed in V1 (12.50cm). Dry weight of the seedlings was highest in V3 (2.32g) which was followed in V1 (2.26g). The lowest dry weight was observed in V5 (1.99g). The variety V3 performed better in most of the evaluated parameters and suggested for commercial cultivation.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus citriodora on amaryllis and associated grassy weed

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (spe) ◽  
pp. 887-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G El-Rokiek ◽  
R.A Eid
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

A Petri dish assay was carried out for screening different concentrations of aqueous extracts of fresh and dry leaves of Eucalyptus citriodora on germination and seedling growth of wild oat weed (Avena fatua). Seed germination, root and shoot length of wild oat exhibited different degrees of inhibition according to the concentration of the aqueous extract. Maximum inhibitions of germination percentage, root and shoot length were recorded when using 25% fresh leaf extract. Based on this preliminary work (Petri dish assay), studies were conducted under greenhouse conditions at the National Research Center, Egypt, in the two winter seasons of 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 to evaluate the effects of foliar and soil treatments of aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus citriodora fresh and dry leaves on wild oat weed as well as on the growth and flowering of amaryllis (Hippeastrum hybridum), compared with the recommended dose of the herbicide tralkoxydim. Amaryllis fresh and dry weights as well as flowering increased significantly when treated with the previous extracts, especially the fresh leaf extract. However, the fresh and dry weights of wild oat were significantly reduced by the aqueous extracts, either fresh or dry, indicating phytotoxic effects. Tralkoxydim caused complete inhibition of wild oat as compared with the control. The studies involved estimation of the endogenous contents of total phenols in weed. With all the treatments, the inhibitory effects on weeds were correlated with accumulation of the internal contents of total phenols, compared to their respective controls. The amount of phenols correlated well with the weed's growth performance. This study establishes the effect of the aqueous extracts on the weed wild oat, associated with amaryllis, which may serve as a tool in establishing their herbicidal potential.

scholarly journals Hydropriming Increases Germination of Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) under Water Stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevil SAĞLAM ◽  
Sibel DAY ◽  
Gamze KAYA ◽  
Ayşegül GÜRBÜZ
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Seedling Vigor ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Response To Water

Fresh seeds of lentil cultivars ‘Pul 11’, ‘Sultan 1’ and ‘Meyveci 2001’ were subjected to hydropriming with an objective to improve germination and seedling vigor under water stress induced by PEG-6000 at the water potentials of 0.0 (distilled water), -0.3 and-0.6 MPa. Results revealed that germination delayed in increasing water stress with variable germination among cultivars. Root, shoot length and germination were higher but mean germination time were lower in the primed seeds. Seeds were able to germinate at all concentrations of PEG but higher germination and improved seedling growth was observed in primed seeds. Cultivars showed variable response to water stress and cv. ‘Pul 11’ with the lightest seed weight gave better performance. Whereas, cv. ‘Sultan 1’ enhanced germination percentage with hydropriming under increased water stress. It was concluded that inhibition of germination due to water stress should be overcome by using primed lentil seeds.

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