scholarly journals Univariate and multivariate procedures for agronomic evaluation of organically grown tomato cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline C Araujo ◽  
Samuel FP Telhado ◽  
Rogério H Sakai ◽  
Carlos AS Ledo ◽  
Paulo CT Melo

ABSTRACT Tomato is one of the most important crops, the worldwide production in 2012 reached 161.8 million tons. Considering the lack of agronomic information on already available cultivars as well as on the varieties under development by breeding programs for organic systems, the objectives of this work were determine the yield components of 14 tomato cultivars in the organic system, through univariate and multivariate analysis. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications and five plants per plot. Evaluations consisted of total, marketable and non-marketable yield and number of marketable fruits per plant, in 2010. We carried out analysis of variance, using test F 5%. The effect of cultivar was fixed and the block effect was random. Then, means were ranked according to Scott-Knott 5%. Differences among cultivars were significant for total yield, number of marketable fruits per plant and marketable yield. The mean for total yield among cultivars was 51 t/ha and for marketable yield was 41 t/ha. Cultivars IAC 1 and Santa Clara were the least dissimilar (0.38). On the other hand, cultivars HTV 0601 and IAC 3 were the most dissimilar (10.63). The score dispersion graph showed two distinct groups. The second group contained cultivars HTV 0601, Granadero, Bari and Netuno, which stood out in the evaluation for the organic production system, presenting the highest total yield, marketable yield and number of marketable fruits per plant. Multivariate analysis was effective in identifying clusters of cultivars.

Author(s):  
Carlos Antonio dos Santos ◽  
Evandro Silva Pereira Costa ◽  
Margarida Goréte Ferreira Do Carmo

<p>Tendo em vista os danos causados pela requeima (<em>Phytophthora infestans</em>) ao tomateiro e as dificuldades de manejo desta doença em sistemas orgânicos de produção, objetivou-se quantificar o progresso da doença e a produção de dez cultivares de tomateiro em condições de campo em sistema orgânico. Avaliaram-se oito cultivares mais dois padrões, Débora Plus e Perinha Água Branca (PAB), suscetível e resistente à doença, respectivamente. Quantificou-se a severidade da doença em dez avaliações e calcularam-se as áreas abaixo das curvas de progresso da requeima (AACPR). A produção foi aferida em seis colheitas e com base nestas determinaram-se produtividade, número e massa fresca média dos frutos e a sua qualidade comercial. Adotou-se delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os híbridos Lumi, Serato, Dominador e Forty apresentaram AACPR significativamente superiores ao padrão Débora Plus (579,27), enquanto Mascot foi equivalente estatisticamente a este. Menor AACPR foi observada em Santa Clara, Kada e Jumbo (183,50 a 250,56) que não diferiram do padrão resistente, PAB (14,74). A produtividade, total e comercial, de Lumi, Serato, Forty e Dominador foi equivalente ou inferior à de cultivares mais antigas, como Kada, e de cultivares do grupo cereja, como Mascot e PAB. A cultivar PAB, apesar da menor produtividade total (0,69 kg.planta<sup>-1</sup>), apresentou produtividade comercial (0,65 kg.planta<sup>-1</sup>) equivalente ou superior ao da maioria das cultivares (0,32 a 0,67 kg.planta<sup>-1</sup>). Os híbridos Lumi, Serato, Dominador e Forty são altamente suscetíveis a requeima e podem ter sua produtividade severamente comprometida pela doença em sistemas orgânicos.<strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Tomato late blight: Severity and losses in different cultivars in organic system</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>In view of the damage caused by late blight (<em>Phytophthora infestans</em>)  on tomato and the difficulties in controlling this disease in organic systems, it was aimed quantify their progress and effects on production on ten tomato cultivars under organic system. Eight cultivars and two standards, Débora Plus and Perinha Água Branca  (PAB), susceptible and resistant to disease, respectively, were evaluated. Quantified the severity of the disease in ten evaluations and were calculated the areas under the curves progress of the disease (AUDPC). The production was measured in six harvests and, based on these, were determined productivity, the number and fresh weight average of the fruits and their commercial quality. Was adopted design of randomized blocks with four replications. The Lumi, Serato, Dominator and Forty hybrids presented AUDPC significantly higher than the standard Débora Plus (579.27), while Mascot was statistically equivalent to this. Lower severity was observed in Santa Clara, Kada and Jumbo (183.50 to 250.56), which did not differ from resistant standard, PAB (14.74). Productivity, total and commercial, of Lumi, Serato, Forty and Dominator hybrids was equivalent or lower than older cultivars, as Kada, and cherry group cultivars such as Mascot and PAB. The cultivar PAB, despite the lower total yield (0.69 kg.plant<sup>-1</sup>), marketable yield (0.65 kg.plant<sup>-1</sup>) showed equivalent or higher than that of most varieties (0.32 to 0.67 kg.plant<sup>-1</sup>). The Lumi, Serato, Dominador and Forty hybrids was highly susceptible to late blight and can have their productivity severely compromised by the disease in organic systems.</p>


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Harumi Niguma ◽  
Jacinta Sanchez Pelayo ◽  
Tereza Cristina Rocha Moreira de Oliveira

The aims of this study were to evaluate the contamination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), produced in Londrina, Paraná (PR), with total coliform, coliform at 45 °C, E. coli, and Salmonella spp.; and to determine the E. coli contamination of irrigation water used at the farms studied. Four farms were evaluated, of which three produced lettuce using a conventional system and one using an organic system. An evaluation of the production practices of the farms was also carried out. A total of 111 samples were analyzed, 71 lettuce samples from the conventional system and 40 samples from the organic system. A total of eight irrigation water samples were collected for analysis. Coliform at 45 °C counts above the limit tolerated by Brazilian legislation were observed in 2.8% (2/71) of conventionally grown lettuce samples, and Salmonella spp. was isolated in 1.4% (1/71) of those samples. In the organic lettuce samples, 12.5% (5/40) had coliform at 45 °C counts above the limit tolerated and Salmonella spp. was not detected. Irrigation water samples from three farms were unsatisfactory, with counts higher than 102MPN of E. coli per 100mL. The results of this study demonstrate that most conventionally grown lettuce samples show good sanitary conditions in production, and that lettuce contamination is not related to contamination found in irrigation water samples. The results also showed that the organic production practices required by Brazilian certification agencies should be applied to ensure that contamination of produced lettuce remains controlled.


Author(s):  
M. D. Ojha ◽  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
Divya Tiwari ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Manish Kumar ◽  
...  

Organic agriculture seeks to augment ecological process that foster plant nutrition while conserving soil and water resources. Organic systems eliminate agrichemicals and reduce other external inputs to improve the environment as well as farm economics. It is a production system which favours maximum use of organic materials like crop residues, FYM, compost, green manures, oil cakes, biodynamic preparations and bio fertilizers etc. to enhance crop production, carbon sequestration and improve soil health. Organic production system is based on specific and precise standards of production which aim to achieving agro-ecosystems which are socially and ecologically sustainable. As demand for organically grown food has been growing rapidly and significant proportion of consumers believe that organic food is qualitatively better than non organic, the present study showed not only the quality of the produce but also quantitatively higher yield that touched the world record production (660 q/ha) in Nalanda Bihar.


2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dremák ◽  
Á. Csihon ◽  
I. Gonda

Success of apple production is highly influenced by the applied production system and the planted cultivar. In this paper growing characteristics of 39 apple cultivars were studied in integrated and organic production systems. These kind of parameters are less studied in the cultivar and training system examinations, although they have huge effect on the training and maintaining of canopy, on the pruning necessity, ultimately on the production costs. According to our results the thickness of the central axis of apple trees showed significant differences between the integrated and the organic systems. Axis of the trees with lower trunk thickness tapers more slightly in the integrated production system, than in the case of the trees with thicker trunk in the organic system. Thicker axis is not accompanied by thicker trunk, namely the thickness of the central leader starts to decrease stronger in the organic production system, compared to the integrated one.


HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 844C-844
Author(s):  
Angela K. Tedesco ◽  
Gail R. Nonnecke ◽  
Nick E. Christians ◽  
John J. Obrycki ◽  
Mark L. Gleason

Field plots of four production systems of `Tristar' dayneutral and `Earliglow' June-bearing strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.), established in 1993, included conventional practices (CONV), integrated crop management practices (ICM), organic practices using granulated corn gluten meal, a natural weed control product, (ORG-CGM), and organic practices using a natural turkey manure product (ORG-TM). `Earliglow' total yield from CONV plots in 1994 was similar to ICM and ORG-CGM, but greater than ORG-TM. Average berry weight and marketable yield were greater in the CONV system than both organic systems. CONV, ICM, and ORG-CGM plots had more runners and daughter plants than ORG-TM. Plots with CONV herbicide treatments were similar to ICM and ORG-CGM for percentage weed cover 1 month after renovation. `Tristar' crown number, crown and root dry weights, yield, and berry number were reduced when plants were grown under straw mulch in ORG-CGM and ORG-TM compared to CONV and ICM plots with polyethylene mulch.


2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta JEDRSZCZYK ◽  
Barbara SKOWERA ◽  
Joanna KOPCINSKA ◽  
Anna M. AMBROSZCZYK

Tomato yield and biomass growth are closely linked to climatic conditions during vegetation period. Low temperatures and high precipitation in summer constitute the main cause of the large variability of field tomato yielding contributing to worsen the quality of the yield. The aim of the investigation was determining the influence of meteorological basic components in the growing season of the tomato to total and marketable yield of twelve determinate cultivars. Experiment took place in the open field in the Vegetable Experimental Station of Agricultural University of Mydlniki near Cracow in the years 2008 - 2010. A different sensitivity of examined tomato cultivars to the course of weather conditions was stated. ‘Ondraszek’ cultivar get the highest marketable yield in all years of investigation what indicate the most adaptation to variable weather conditions and cultivars ‘Hetman’, ‘Hubal’ and ‘Babinicz’ were the least adaptated and they gave the lowest yield. Analysis of the influence of weather condition on total and marketable yield of twelve determine tomato cultivars showed, that the sum and distribution of precipitation were decisive. High precipitations decreased total and marketable yield, whereas frequent and lower precipitations influenced favorable. Since from the third stage, i.e., the beginning of fruits setting to the beginning of ripening, a larger impact of meteorological factors on marketable than total yield had been observed. In the fruits ripening stage a marketable yield depended only on sum of temperatures.


Author(s):  
André Wagner Barata Silva ◽  
Bruno Diniz Nogueira da Silva ◽  
Ariana Lemes da Costa ◽  
Kaique Castro Cézar ◽  
Luiz Antônio Augusto Gomes ◽  
...  

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the yield and fruit quality of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) genotypes grown at various planting densities, in an organic production system under protected cultivation. The experiment was carried out in duplicate, to compare the yield and fruit quality of the 'TE 300', 'Mallorca', and ‘Timor’ sweet pepper genotypes, at the densities of 2, 4, 6, and 8 plants m-2. A randomized complete block design was used, with three replicates, in split plots. Mean fruit size and mass, yield per plant, and total yield were measured. Dunnett’s test was used to compare means between the standard density of 2 plants m-2 and the other densities. Scott-Knott’s test was used to compare the densities within each genotype. The increase of planting density in the organic production system provided a yield similar to that of the conventional system. A greater density increases yield and reduces the production cycle, without impairing the fruit size or quality of the ‘TE 300’ and ‘Timor’ genotypes. The densities of 8 plants m-2 for ‘TE 300’ and 'Timor', and of 6 plants m-2 for ‘Mallorca’ show the highest total yield per hectare.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e1110110667
Author(s):  
Ivan Carlos Zorzzi ◽  
Mycheli Preuss da Cruz ◽  
Nean Locatelli Dalacosta ◽  
Janaína Bruzamarello ◽  
Álvaro Luiz Ghedin ◽  
...  

In recent years, it has been observed a significant expansion of the organic market. In this context, the main phytosanitary problem of soybean in the organic system is Asian rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), for which it is difficult to control, considering the restriction of products authorized for use in the organic system and the limitation of research related to this management system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of alternative products on the germination of uredospores, on the severity of soybean rust on detached leaves and the control of the disease under greenhouse and field conditions. The alternative treatments were calcium silicate, lime sulphur, bordeaux mixture, and copper oxychloride. The variables analyzed were uredospores germination, disease severity, defoliation level, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), a thousand grain mass and productivity. The results obtained indicate that there is a possibility of using copper oxychloride to manage the Asian rust in organic production systems. Copper oxychloride had reduced the germination of uredospores and when evaluated under controlled conditions using detached leaves and greenhouse, it had reduced the severity of the disease. In field conditions, copper oxychloride at the doses of 588 and 882 g ha-1 reduced severity and AUDPC, in addition to increasing productivity at 1434 kg ha-1 in relation to the control. It is concluded that copper oxychloride can be used as a tool in the management of Asian rust in organic systems of soy production. 


2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Carlos Francisco Ragassi ◽  
Agnaldo DF de Carvalho ◽  
Giovani Olegário da Silva ◽  
Gabriel Emiliano Pereira ◽  
Arione da S Pereira

ABSTRACT Potato is responsive to intensive agricultural input use; however, it can be produced in less intensive production systems (such as the organic system) by using appropriate production techniques and genotypes adapted to this system. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of advanced potato genotypes for tuber yield under conventional and organic production systems, in order to select potential genotypes to become new cultivars adapted to these systems. Fifteen advanced potato clones and two controls were evaluated under organic and conventional production systems, in 2016 and 2017, in Brasília-DF, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates and plots composed of two rows with 10 plants each, spaced 0.35 m between plants and 0.80 m between rows. Total (mass) and marketable (mass and number of tubers) productivities were evaluated. Variance analysis showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Despite the lower average tuber yield in the organic system, selecting genotypes with high potential productivity was possible in this system, such as F158-08-01 and F158-08-02, showing high marketable tuber yield, with values equivalent to the conventional system. Clones F102-08-04, F13-09-07, F-18-09-03, F-183-08-01, F-21-09-07, F31-08-05, F63-10-07 and F97-07-03 also outperformed the control cultivars in organic system. For conventional system, F158-08-01, F158-08-02 and F183-08-01 were superior, and F18-09-03, F21-09-07, F63-10-07, F97-07-03, PCDINV10 and PCDSE090 showed performance similar or superior to the most productive control (cultivar Asterix). Genotypes F158-08-01 and F158-08-02 were superior in both conventional and organic systems, with potential to become new cultivars recommended for both production systems.


HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Makgose Maboko ◽  
Christian Phillipus Du Plooy

Direct seeding or transplanting younger seedlings should reduce costs in hydroponic systems. A 2-year study (2011–12 and 2012–13) was conducted to determine yield of two hydroponically grown tomato cultivars using transplanted seedlings at different growth stages vs. direct seeding. An open bag, using 10-L plastic bags filled with sawdust, was used for direct seeding and transplanting of seedlings at two-, four- or six-leaf stages. Data were collected on early marketable, early total, total, total marketable and cull yield as well as plant fresh and dry mass. In 2011–12, there was increased early marketable and total yields from direct-seeded plants or plants transplanted at the two- or four-leaf stage. Cultivar FA593 produced a higher early marketable yield and total yield compared with ‘Linares’. In 2012–13, the highest early marketable and total yields were for plants developed from those transplanted at the two-leaf stage or from those developed from direct seeding. There was no difference between cultivars on marketable and total yield. Cultivar Linares produced the highest plant fresh and dry mass. Early yield can be induced by direct seeding or transplanting seedlings at the two-true leaf stage with no significant effect on total yield and marketable yield. Direct-seeded plants, or transplanting seedlings at the two-leaf stage, will benefit growers by producing tomatoes earlier for the market while eliminating or reducing transplant shock.


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