scholarly journals Yield of Two Hydroponically Grown Tomato Cultivars as Affected by Transplanting Stage or Direct Seeding

HortScience ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 438-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Makgose Maboko ◽  
Christian Phillipus Du Plooy
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Fresh And Dry Mass ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

Direct seeding or transplanting younger seedlings should reduce costs in hydroponic systems. A 2-year study (2011–12 and 2012–13) was conducted to determine yield of two hydroponically grown tomato cultivars using transplanted seedlings at different growth stages vs. direct seeding. An open bag, using 10-L plastic bags filled with sawdust, was used for direct seeding and transplanting of seedlings at two-, four- or six-leaf stages. Data were collected on early marketable, early total, total, total marketable and cull yield as well as plant fresh and dry mass. In 2011–12, there was increased early marketable and total yields from direct-seeded plants or plants transplanted at the two- or four-leaf stage. Cultivar FA593 produced a higher early marketable yield and total yield compared with ‘Linares’. In 2012–13, the highest early marketable and total yields were for plants developed from those transplanted at the two-leaf stage or from those developed from direct seeding. There was no difference between cultivars on marketable and total yield. Cultivar Linares produced the highest plant fresh and dry mass. Early yield can be induced by direct seeding or transplanting seedlings at the two-true leaf stage with no significant effect on total yield and marketable yield. Direct-seeded plants, or transplanting seedlings at the two-leaf stage, will benefit growers by producing tomatoes earlier for the market while eliminating or reducing transplant shock.

scholarly journals Effect of Spacing and Topping on the Performance of Hydroponically Grown Tomato Under Tropical Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Williams Ayarna ◽  
Satoru Tsukagoshi ◽  
George Oduro Nkansah ◽  
Kazuya Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Blossom End Rot ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Hydroponically Grown ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

Production of tomato in the tropics especially in Ghana is beset with lots of setbacks thereby causing low yields per hectare. Greenhouse cultivation systems are promising yet yields of tropical tomato cultivars are hampered by adverse temperature conditions. In order to mitigate this, an experiment was conducted during the extreme summer temperature conditions in the greenhouse at Kashiwanoha Campus of Chiba University, Japan. The study was conducted between May 23, 2018 and September20, 2018. The low substrate volume production system of 500mL in closed recirculated hydroponics (sub-irrigation) method was employed. Three tropical tomato cultivars (Jaguar, Lebombo and Lindo) were evaluated for yields. Plants were spaced at 20cm (4.2 plants m-2) and 30cm (2.8 plants m-2). At 7 and 9WAT, plants were topped at 2nd and 4th nodes respectively. The 3x2x2 factorial in Randomised Complete Block design in three replications was adopted. Some parameter collected were; 1. Morphometrics such as plant height, girth, leaf number and chlorophyll content, days to 50% flowering and fruit set 2. Yield components and fruit quality such as fruit number, marketable yield, yield per area, yield per hectare, percent blossom end rot, fruit TSS, TA, TSS/TA ratio and 3. Dry matter partitioning at last harvest, 11WAT. Results showed that blossom end rot reduced the yields of Jaguar and Lindo almost by 50% while Lebombo recorded less than 1%. Lebombo produced significantly the highest plant dry mass of 125g of which 57.7% was converted to vegetative growth compared to the Jaguar. For Jaguar however, 53.7% of total plant dry mass was allocated to fruits. This in effect was translated to the highest yield of 93tons ha-1 year-1 for Jaguar plants that were pinched at 4th truss in high density planting of 4.2 plant m-2.

scholarly journals The Influence of Weather Conditions During Vegetation Period on Yielding of Twelve Determinate Tomato Cultivars

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta JEDRSZCZYK ◽  
Barbara SKOWERA ◽  
Joanna KOPCINSKA ◽  
Anna M. AMBROSZCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Tomato yield and biomass growth are closely linked to climatic conditions during vegetation period. Low temperatures and high precipitation in summer constitute the main cause of the large variability of field tomato yielding contributing to worsen the quality of the yield. The aim of the investigation was determining the influence of meteorological basic components in the growing season of the tomato to total and marketable yield of twelve determinate cultivars. Experiment took place in the open field in the Vegetable Experimental Station of Agricultural University of Mydlniki near Cracow in the years 2008 - 2010. A different sensitivity of examined tomato cultivars to the course of weather conditions was stated. ‘Ondraszek’ cultivar get the highest marketable yield in all years of investigation what indicate the most adaptation to variable weather conditions and cultivars ‘Hetman’, ‘Hubal’ and ‘Babinicz’ were the least adaptated and they gave the lowest yield. Analysis of the influence of weather condition on total and marketable yield of twelve determine tomato cultivars showed, that the sum and distribution of precipitation were decisive. High precipitations decreased total and marketable yield, whereas frequent and lower precipitations influenced favorable. Since from the third stage, i.e., the beginning of fruits setting to the beginning of ripening, a larger impact of meteorological factors on marketable than total yield had been observed. In the fruits ripening stage a marketable yield depended only on sum of temperatures.

scholarly journals Direct Seeding and Transplanting Influence Root Dynamics, Morpho-Physiology, Yield, and Head Quality of Globe Artichoke

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Leskovar ◽  
Yahia A. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Direct Seeded

The objective of this two-year field study was to assess the influence of stand establishment methods (direct seeding or transplanting) on root growth dynamics, shoot morphology, leaf physiology, yield, and quality of globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus). Three artichoke cultivars were evaluated, ‘Green Globe Improved’ (GGI), ‘Imperial Star’ (IS), and ‘Romolo’ (ROM). Plants established with the transplanting method had higher mean root length intensity (La), root length, and root surface area as compared to plants established by direct seeding. The topsoil (0–20 cm) had on average higher La, root length, and root surface area than deeper soil profiles. Transplanted plants had higher plant shoot width and leaf area index (LAI) chlorophyll content index (SPAD) than direct seeded plants at the vegetative stage in 2015. The improvement of root and shoot growth in transplants (compared to direct seeding) also resulted in higher (p < 0.05) marketable yield (21.1 vs. 19.9 ton ha−1 in 2015 and 18.3 vs. 13.7 ton ha−1 in 2016). Additionally, 46–50% of the total yield occurred during the first 30 days of harvest in the transplanting method compared to 13–38% for direct seeding. No significant differences were found between planting methods or cultivars in leaf-level gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and transpiration) and cynarin concentration in the marketable heads. Although chlorogenic acid was similar in both establishment methods in 2015, direct seeding had higher concentration in 2016. Comparing cultivars, GGI had higher root length, surface area, root volume, and earlier and higher marketable yield than ROM. However, ROM had higher mean root length intensity (La; total root length per specific area in soil profile) than GGI in both growing seasons. This study showed significant and consistent improvements in root and shoot traits, and yield for transplants as compared to direct seeded plants.

scholarly journals Univariate and multivariate procedures for agronomic evaluation of organically grown tomato cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline C Araujo ◽  
Samuel FP Telhado ◽  
Rogério H Sakai ◽  
Carlos AS Ledo ◽  
Paulo CT Melo
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Multivariate Procedures ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Organically Grown

ABSTRACT Tomato is one of the most important crops, the worldwide production in 2012 reached 161.8 million tons. Considering the lack of agronomic information on already available cultivars as well as on the varieties under development by breeding programs for organic systems, the objectives of this work were determine the yield components of 14 tomato cultivars in the organic system, through univariate and multivariate analysis. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications and five plants per plot. Evaluations consisted of total, marketable and non-marketable yield and number of marketable fruits per plant, in 2010. We carried out analysis of variance, using test F 5%. The effect of cultivar was fixed and the block effect was random. Then, means were ranked according to Scott-Knott 5%. Differences among cultivars were significant for total yield, number of marketable fruits per plant and marketable yield. The mean for total yield among cultivars was 51 t/ha and for marketable yield was 41 t/ha. Cultivars IAC 1 and Santa Clara were the least dissimilar (0.38). On the other hand, cultivars HTV 0601 and IAC 3 were the most dissimilar (10.63). The score dispersion graph showed two distinct groups. The second group contained cultivars HTV 0601, Granadero, Bari and Netuno, which stood out in the evaluation for the organic production system, presenting the highest total yield, marketable yield and number of marketable fruits per plant. Multivariate analysis was effective in identifying clusters of cultivars.

scholarly journals Vertical growth of mini watermelon according to the training height and plant density

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Campagnol ◽  
Simone da C Mello ◽  
José Carlos Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The watermelon is traditionally cultivated horizontally on the ground. The cultivars of small fruits (1 to 3 kg), which reach better market prices, are also being grown in a greenhouse, where the plants are trained upward on vertical supports, with branches pruning and fruits thinning. These practices make possible an increase of the plant density, fruit quality and yield compared to the traditional growth system. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the influence of three training heights (1.7, 2.2 and 2.7 m) and two planting densities (3.17 and 4.76 plants m-2) over the productive and qualitative characteristics of mini watermelon "Smile" cultivated in greenhouse. The pruning was done at 43, 55 and 66 days after transplanting (DAT), when the plant height reached 1.7, 2.2 and 2.7 m, respectively. The dry mass of branches, petioles, leaves and total were affected by the training height, where the highest values were obtained by the plants pruned at 2.2 and 2.7 m. Leaf area, specific leaf area and leaf area index were not affected by the height of the plants. The training height of 2.7 m raised the total yield, however, marketable yield, average fruit mass and all the quality characteristics did not differ significantly from those obtained by the training height of 2.2 m. Regarding to plant density, the best option was 4.76 plants m-2, due to the increasing of marketable yield in 37.4% without reducing the average weight of fruits.

Effect of Planting Method, Mulch, and Rowcover Combinations on Yield and Fruit Quality of `Earliqueen' Muskmelon

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 475a-475
Author(s):  
David T. Handley ◽  
Sheri I. Koller ◽  
James F. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Planting Method

Three techniques to enhance the development and yield of `Earliqueen' muskmelon, including transplanting, plastic mulch, and rowcovers, were applied in all combinations to determine which practice or practices offered the most beneficial effects on early maturity, and total marketable yield. Using transplants (two true leaf stage) as opposed to direct seeding had the greatest effect on increasing early yield. Black plastic mulch also significantly increased early yield. Rowcovers did not provide an overall increase in early yield, although the highest early yield was achieved from the transplant/mulch/rowcover combination. Black plastic mulch had the greatest effect on total marketable yield. Transplanting also significantly increased total yield. A slight increase observed for rowcover treatments was not significant. The combination of transplanting/plastic mulch/rowcover produced the highest marketable yield of any treatment. Direct seeding combined with no mulch produced the lowest yields and the lowest percent of marketable fruit. Under the conditions of a prolonged, cool, cloudy spring, followed by a hot, dry summer, the use of transplants and black plastic mulch provided significant increases in marketable yield of `Earliqueen' muskmelons. Rowcovers did not provide significant yield effects, probably due to low light levels during the early growth period.

scholarly journals Increased Yield of Heat-tolerant Tomatoes with Deep Transplanting, Morning Irrigation, and White Mulch

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Y. Hanna ◽  
E.P. Millhollon ◽  
J.K. Herrick ◽  
C.L. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Heat Tolerant ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch ◽  
Fruit Mass ◽  
Plant Dry Mass

Studies were conducted in Fall 1994 and Summer 1995 to determine growth and yield response of heat-tolerant tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to transplant depth, time of daily irrigation, and polyethylene mulch color. Five-week-old tomato transplants were planted to a depth of either 7.5 or 15.0 cm, drip irrigated every other day for 2.5 h starting at either 7:30 am or 2:30 pm for 80 d following transplanting, and mulched with white-surface (white on black) or black polyethylene. Soil temperatures were recorded daily at 4:00 pm for 21 d from the beginning of fruit set (2 weeks following transplanting) until the tomato canopy shaded the mulch surface. Transplanting tomatoes to a depth of 15.0 cm significantly increased marketable yield in both years and the total yield in 1 year of this study. Mean fruit mass was not influenced by transplant depth, but plant dry mass was significantly increased by deeper transplanting in 1995. Morning irrigation increased the marketable and total yields and mean fruit mass in both years and plant dry mass in 1995. White-surface mulch had a similar effect on yield and fruit mass. Soil temperature was significantly lower at the 15.0-cm depth than at 7.5 cm in both years. Morning irrigation and white-surface polyethylene mulch also significantly reduced soil temperature in both years.

scholarly journals Earliness and Yield of Tropical Winter Squash Improved by Transplants, Plastic Mulch, and Row Cover

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Rulevich ◽  
Francis X. Mangan ◽  
Anne K. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Winter Squash ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch

Field studies were conducted in 1998 and 1999 in Massachusetts to assess the effects of transplants, black polyethylene mulch, and polyester spun-bonded row cover on early fruit set and total yield of two squash (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) cultivars: `C42 × La Segunda' calabaza and `Waltham' butternut. Treatment comparisons included direct-seeded or transplanted squash, with or without black polyethylene mulch, and with or without the addition of a row cover in all combinations. The use of transplants was more effective at stimulating early fruit set and highest total yield than the use of mulch and row cover. The initiation of fruit set using transplants was advanced 9 days relative to direct-seeding. Mulch and row cover treatments significantly advanced early fruit set by 7 and 5 days, respectively, but only in 1998. Yields for both winter squash were 45% higher using transplants compared to direct seeding, 19% higher using mulch compared to bare soil, and 16% higher using row cover compared to no row cover. Total yields were higher for both cultivars in 1999 (warm, dry season) than in 1998 (cool, wet season). Use of transplants with plastic and row cover compared to the use of direct seed with neither plastic nor row cover increased yield of calabaza by 100% in both 1998 and 1999. Only the direct seeded plus plastic plus row cover treatment had yields that were similar to any of the transplanted treatments. Transplant treatments also increased number of fruit per plant and fruit size for both calabaza and butternut.

scholarly journals Characteristics of growth, flowering and corm yield of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri) genotypes at third growing period

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD TAJUDDIN ◽  
Edi Santosa ◽  
DIDY SOPANDIE ◽  
ADOLF PIETER LONTOH
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Bud Emergence ◽  
Late Emergence ◽  
Flowering Rate ◽  
Artificial Shading ◽  
Candidate Clone

Abstract. Tajuddin M, Santosa E, Sopandie D, Lontoh AP. 2020. Characteristics of growth, flowering and corm yield of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri) genotypes in third growing period. Biodiversitas 21: 570-577. Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) is an emerging crop for producing glucomannan, and it is predominantly cultivated in agroforestry systems. The study aimed to evaluate characteristics of growth, flowering, and production of genotypes in the third growing period in order to develop new clones. The experiment used 2-year-old corm of ten genotypes, i.e. BKB, CF, CR, LSP, SB, SBM, SG-BKK, SGH, SR and STS. The corms were planted in June 2018 to May 2019 in the field under 45% artificial shading net. Plant growth was evaluated on weekly basis from bud emergence until dormant. Flowering rate was ratio the number of corms with flower to number of planted corms in each replication. Corm dry mass was measured after harvest, which was conducted at dormant stage at 46 weeks after planting. Candidate clone was selected from the highest total score of five criteria i.e. flowering rate, corm shape, corm healthiness, marketable yield, and total yield. Results demonstrated that genotypes exhibited variation in growth, flowering rates, and yield. Based on emerging time, three genotypes (SB, SGH, SG-BKK) were classified as early emergence, five genotypes (CF, CR, LSP, SBM, STS) as a medium, and two genotypes (BKB, SR) as the late emergence. All genotypes produced inflorescence at rate 1 to 52%, and 3 genotypes (CF, CR, STS) had flowering rate >20%. Five genotypes (CR, LSP, SBM, SGH, STS) had an average corm weight > 1500 g. CR and SBM genotypes produced the largest average corm weight, i.e., 2,509.33 g and 2,129.25 g, respectively, while the BKB produced the smallest one (912.94 g). All genotypes had similar dry mass content, i.e., 18.73-20.70%. The scoring evaluation recommended CR, SBM, and STS genotypes as candidates of new clones with productivity > 30 ton/ha. It needs further evaluation of selected clones in the farmer production field.

scholarly journals Effect of Transplanting on Earliness and Total Yield of Watermelon

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Olson ◽  
George J. Hochmuth ◽  
Robert C. Hochmuth
Keyword(s):  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Direct Seeded

Studies were conducted at the NFREC, Quincy, and AREC, Live Oak, Fla., to compare watermelon {Citrullus lanatus [(Thumb.) Matsum & Nakai]} plant establishment by transplanting and direct-seeding. Cultivars used were `Charleston Gray' in 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1989; `Jubilee' in 1988 and 1989; and `Crimson Sweet' in 1987 to 1990. Early yields were greater with transplants for all three cultivars in all years. With `Charleston Gray', total yields with transplants were higher in 1985 and 1989, but not in 1984 or 1986. The average fruit weights with transplants were also greater in 1985 and 1989 than in 1984 or 1986. With `Jubilee', total yield with transplants was higher in 1989, but not in 1988. Average fruit weight with transplants was greater in 1989 than in 1988. With `Crimson Sweet', total yields were higher with transplants in 1989 and 1990, but not in 1987 or 1988, but fruits were larger with transplanting compared to direct-seeding only in 1990. In all experiments, yields with transplants were never less than those with direct-seeded plants.

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