scholarly journals Production and characterization of inter and intraspecific hybridization eggplant

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-414
Author(s):  
Muhammad A Ghani ◽  
Muhammad M Abbas ◽  
Khurram Ziaf ◽  
Muhammad Azam ◽  
Basharat Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
New Generation

ABSTRACT The eggplant is a highly valuable horticultural crop grown all over the world and it is of substantial economic importance in Asia. However, its production is severely threatened by several soil-borne and foliar diseases, insect-pests, drought, heat, and frost damage. Therefore, efforts to transfer useful resistance genes into eggplant from their wild relatives is important. In the present study, interspecific and intraspecific hybridization was carried out, that included three cultivated genotypes of eggplant (Solanum melongena MEE, Solanum melongena MEP, Solanum melongena MEB) and one wild Solanum species (Solanum incanum INC). The F1 hybrids were made by inter and intraspecific hybridization. A total of 632 possible inter and intraspecific reciprocal crosses was performed where only three were successful. The minimum days to flowering were observed in parent MEP, and maximum plant height was measured in MEE×MEB. Maximum fruit length was observed in parent MEB. Furthermore, fruit diameter, leaf width, leaf length, and fruit yield per plant were found maximum in hybrid MEExINC. Our results suggest that these materials will be of great interest for the genetic improvement of eggplant; they may have a tremendous potential to increase tolerance to abiotic stresses, such as to drought and heat, as well as increased nutrient and herbal values. Findings of this study will be helpful for the human health, ultimately contributing to the development of a new generation of plants adapted to climate.

scholarly journals Characterization of Solanum spp for Grafting and its Interpretation on Morphological, Production and Nutritional Quality of Fruit Under Polyhouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 77-89
Author(s):  
Satish Kr. Subba Umesh Thapa ◽  
Pinkey Dukpa Anant Tamang
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Species ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Complete Failure ◽  
Solanum Spp ◽  
Success Percentage

Seven wild Solanum species (viz., S. torvum, S. macrocapon, S. incanum, S. aethiopicum, S. sisymbrifolium, S. viarum, and S. indicum) were grafted onto three brinjal scions (viz., Patakata, PusaShyamla, and Bhangor) for its evaluation based on compatibility ratio and further characterization of successful graft combination for morphological, yield and quality attributing characters. On persual of grafting success percentage, Patakata and PusaShyamla grafted onto S. torvum had high compatibility and success rate. The species S. torvum exhibited better adaptability to the prevailing climate which led to more success indicating their compatibility. Complete failure on grafting was noticed in the species S. aethiopicum, S. indicum, and S. sisymbrifolium. The vegetative parameters were found to be maximum from the grafting combination of Patakata onto S. torvum, wherein PusaShyamla grafted onto S. torvum and S. macrocarpon exhibited high yield attributing characters and crop duration. Given quality parameters, the maximum values were attained from the combination of PusaShyamla and Patakata onto S. torvum.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Solanum species and eggplant cultivated varieties for bacterial wilt resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
T H Singh ◽  
DC Lakshmana Reddy ◽  
C Anand Reddy ◽  
A T Sadashiva ◽  
P Pandyaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties

Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major diseases in Solanum species including cultivated Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Bacterial wilt (BW) disease management in eggplant is difficult due to high survival rate of pathogen in soil and chemical application is not eco-friendly. The best way to avoid bacterial wilt in eggplant is using disease-resistant varieties. However, only a limited number of bacterial wilt resistant varieties are available and, there is a necessity to identify and/or develop new resistant varieties. In the current study, wild Solanum species, and eggplant cultivated varieties were evaluated against Ralstonia solanacearum, and disease incidence was recorded. The cultivated varieties IIHR-108, Pusa Purple Long and Rampur Local were identified as susceptible, whereas, IIHR-7 and CARI-1 were identified as resistant to bacterial wilt. These resistant wild and cultivated varieties can be used as a root-stock in bacterialwilt disease resistant breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Characterization of symbiotic and associated bacteria from entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis sp. (nematode: Heterorhabditidae) isolated from India

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Pervez ◽  
Showkat Ahmad Lone ◽  
Sasmita Pattnaik
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Molecular Approaches

Abstract Background Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) harboring symbiotic bacteria are one of the safest alternatives to the chemical insecticides for the control of various insect pests. Infective juveniles of EPNs locate a target insect, enter through the openings, and reach the hemocoel, where they release the symbiotic bacteria and the target gets killed by the virulence factors of the bacteria. Photorhabdus with Heterorhabditis spp. are well documented; little is known about the associated bacteria. Main body In this study, we explored the presence of symbiotic and associated bacteria from Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09) and characterized by phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Six bacterial isolates, belonging to four different genera, were recovered and identified as follows: Photorhabdus luminescens, one each strain of Providencia vermicola, Pseudomonas entomophila, Alcaligenes aquatilis, and two strains of Alcaligenes faecalis based on the phenotypic, biochemical criteria and the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Conclusion P. luminescens is symbiotically associated with Heterorhabditis sp. (IISR-EPN 09), whereas P. vermicola, P. entomophila, A. aquatilis, and A. faecalis are the associated bacteria. Further studies are needed to determine the exact role of the bacterial associates with the Heterorhabditis sp.

scholarly journals Synthesis of a New Phosphonate-Based Sorbent and Characterization of Its Interactions with Lanthanum (III) and Terbium (III)

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1513
Author(s):  
Yuezhou Wei ◽  
Khalid A. M. Salih ◽  
Mohammed F. Hamza ◽  
Toyohisa Fujita ◽  
Enrique Rodríguez-Castellón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Tech ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Hydrogel Beads ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Composite Sorbents ◽  
Synthesis Procedure ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Mild Acid

High-tech applications require increasing amounts of rare earth elements (REE). Their recovery from low-grade minerals and their recycling from secondary sources (as waste materials) are of critical importance. There is increasing attention paid to the development of new sorbents for REE recovery from dilute solutions. A new generation of composite sorbents based on brown algal biomass (alginate) and polyethylenimine (PEI) was recently developed (ALPEI hydrogel beads). The phosphorylation of the beads strongly improves the affinity of the sorbents for REEs (such as La and Tb): by 4.5 to 6.9 times compared with raw beads. The synthesis procedure (epicholorhydrin-activation, phosphorylation and de-esterification) is investigated by XPS and FTIR for characterizing the grafting route but also for interpreting the binding mechanism (contribution of N-bearing from PEI, O-bearing from alginate and P-bearing groups). Metal ions can be readily eluted using an acidic calcium chloride solution, which regenerates the sorbent: the FTIR spectra are hardly changed after five successive cycles of sorption and desorption. The materials are also characterized by elemental, textural and thermogravimetric analyses. The phosphorylation of ALPEI beads by this new method opens promising perspectives for the recovery of these strategic metals from mild acid solutions (i.e., pH ~ 4).

scholarly journals The presence of Phytophthora infestans in the rhizosphere of a wild Solanum species may contribute to off-season survival and pathogenicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 103475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh R. Vetukuri ◽  
Laura Masini ◽  
Rebecca McDougal ◽  
Preeti Panda ◽  
Levine de Zinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Wild Solanum Species ◽  
Wild Solanum

scholarly journals The Role of Soil Amendments on Population Dynamics of Insect Pests, Growth Parameters and Yield of Eggplant, Solanum melongena (L.) Moench

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
P. K. Baidoo ◽  
M. B. Mochiah ◽  
D. Asare ◽  
A. A. Sefah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Leucinodes Orbonalis ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Loss of soil fertility as a result of continuous cropping on the same piece of land has necessitated the need to improve soil fertility for better crop yields. Inorganic and organic fertilizers have been used to improve soil fertility, however, excessive use of soil amendments improve vegetative growth of plants thereby attracting large numbers of insect pests. Cow dung and poultry droppings were used as soil amendments in a field experiment using eggplant Solanum melongena. The effects of these organic manures were compared with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and a control where there was no application of soil amendment in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Parameters studied were pests’ and their numbers, plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, stem girth and yield. The major insect pests identified on the plant were Bemisia tabaci, Aphis gossypii, Leucinodes orbonalis and Eublemma olivacea. Bemisia tabaci and Aphis gossypii scores were significantly larger on cow dung and poultry manure plots. Leucinodes orbonalis and Eublemma olivacea numbers were not significantly different on the treated and control plots. Mean plant height, number of leaves and yield differed significantly among the soil amended plots. Even though soil amendments improve the nutrient content of the soil and the yield of crops it could lead to increase in pests numbers and damage caused to plants.

Validation of a QuEChERS-Based Method for the Estimation of Afidopyropen in Brinjal (Solanum Melongena L.) and Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Suchi Chawla ◽  
Hetal N Gor ◽  
Hemlatta K Patel ◽  
Payal P Upadhyay ◽  
Paresh G Shah
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Residue Analysis ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Liquid Chromatograph ◽  
Acceptable Range

Abstract Background: Afidopyropen is a recently introduced insecticide that provides effective control of insect pests in vegetable crops, including brinjal. Field applications of this insecticide can often result in accumulation of residues in brinjal fruits, leaves, and soil at harvest, which might be a concern for food and environmental safety. This demands an appropriate method for analysis of the residues of this insecticide in these matrices to facilitate residue monitoring and safety compliance checks. Objective: The study aims to validate a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS)-based method for estimation of afidopyropen in/on brinjal leaf, fruit, and soil by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). Methods: The brinjal fruit, leaf, and soil samples were extracted by an optimized QuEChERS workflow–based sample preparation method and analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Results: Linearity [with coefficient of determination (R2) >0.99] was obtained in calibration curves drawn from standards prepared in the matrix and neat solvent. Although negligible matrix effects were noted in fruit and soil, ion suppression was significant in the leaf matrix (71.6%). The recoveries were within the acceptable range of 70–120%, with relative SD ≤20%. In all cases, Horwitz ratio values were within the acceptable range of 0.3–1.3, indicating satisfactory repeatability. The LOQs were 0.004, 0.001, and 0.001 mg/kg for brinjal fruit, leaf, and soil, respectively. At the spiking concentrations of 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mg/kg, the estimated measurement uncertainty was <50% for all matrices. Conclusions: Because of its satisfactory precision and accuracy, the proposed method can be extended for estimation of afidopyropen in other vegetables for evaluating maximum residue limit compliance. Highlights: The study reports an optimized method for high-throughput residue analysis of afidopyropen in/on brinjal leaf, fruit, and soil. The accuracy, precision, selectivity, and sensitivity of the method comply with the regulatory requirements.

Theoretical characterization of the electronic properties of heterogeneous vertical stacks of 2D metal dichalcogenides containing one doped layer

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (25) ◽  
pp. 14088-14098
Author(s):  
Amine Slassi ◽  
David Cornil ◽  
Jérôme Cornil
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Electronic Properties ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Transition Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Metal Dichalcogenides ◽  
Theoretical Characterization ◽  
New Generation

The rise of van der Waals hetero-structures based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) opens the door to a new generation of optoelectronic devices.

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