scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Artistolochia esperanzae O.Kuntze on development of Sesamum indicum L. seedlings

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 454-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Gatti ◽  
Alfredo Gui Ferreira ◽  
Marcos Arduin ◽  
Sonia Cristina Gualtieri de Andrade Perez
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Climbing Plant ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Secondary Roots

Aristolochia esperanzae is a climbing plant that occurs in the savanna regions of Brazil. The aim of this work was to identify the effects of aqueous extracts of A. esperanzae on germination, root growth and xylem cell development of sesame seedlings. Leaf and shoot extracts were prepared at concentrations of 1.5 and 3%. Extracts caused marked changes in germination and seedling growth with greatest inhibition produced by root extracts. Morphological changes and decreased growth and development of seedlings were also observed. The extracts of A. esperanzae caused a reduction of 50% in the size of root xylem cells and marked changes in the primary root and in the number of secondary roots.

scholarly journals Auxin Controlled by Ethylene Steers Root Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Qin ◽  
Rongfeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Auxin Biosynthesis ◽  
Root Hair Growth ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
Root Growth And Development

Roots are important plant ground organs, which absorb water and nutrients to control plant growth and development. Phytohormones have been known to play a crucial role in the regulation of root growth, such as auxin and ethylene, which are central regulators of this process. Recent findings have revealed that root development and elongation regulated by ethylene are auxin dependent through alterations of auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the study of auxin and auxin–ethylene crosstalk in plant root development, demonstrating that auxin and ethylene act synergistically to control primary root and root hair growth, but function antagonistically in lateral root formation. Moreover, ethylene modulates auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling to fine-tune root growth and development. Thus, this review steps up the understanding of the regulation of auxin and ethylene in root growth.

The key players of the primary root growth and development also function in lateral roots in Arabidopsis

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyu Tian ◽  
Yuebin Jia ◽  
Tiantian Niu ◽  
Qianqian Yu ◽  
Zhaojun Ding
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Primary Root Growth ◽  
Root Growth And Development

Root and root hair growth of oats: replaceability of calcium

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1655-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuomi Tanaka ◽  
F. W. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Root Hair Growth ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Oat (Avena sativa L.) seedlings were grown in nutrient solutions deficient in either calcium, magnesium, or potassium as well as in single-salt solutions containing each of these elements. Strontium was studied using a nutrient solution in which calcium was replaced by strontium.The absence of magnesium or potassium did not affect root elongation in media containing calcium. Solutions containing only calcium nitrate supported some root growth but growth was negligible in all other single-salt solutions. When calcium was replaced by strontium, primary root growth and cell elongation were significantly reduced. However, there were no other readily detectable morphological changes resembling symptoms of calcium deficiency.Root hair elongation was not affected by the exclusion of either magnesium or potassium from nutrient solutions, but calcium deficiency (sodium substitution) resulted in less elongation and in deformation. Of all the single-salt solutions, only calcium nitrate supported normal root hair growth. Although root hairs were not deformed, formation and elongation were considerably reduced in strontium-substituted solutions. Strontium, in mineral nutrient media, may prevent toxic effects of other ions but does not completely replace calcium for root and root hair growth of oats.

Regulatory long non-coding RNAs in root growth and development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Roulé ◽  
Martin Crespi ◽  
Thomas Blein
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Root Growth And Development

As sessile organisms, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms of gene regulation to cope with changing environments. Among them, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNAs regulating gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. They are highly responsive to environmental cues or developmental processes and are generally involved in fine-tuning plant responses to these signals. Roots, in addition to anchoring the plant to the soil, allow it to absorb the major part of its mineral nutrients and water. Furthermore, roots directly sense environmental constraints such as mineral nutrient availability and abiotic or biotic stresses and dynamically adapt their growth and architecture. Here, we review the role of lncRNAs in the control of root growth and development. In particular, we highlight their action in fine-tuning primary root growth and the development of root lateral organs, such as lateral roots and symbiotic nodules. Lastly, we report their involvement in plant response to stresses and the regulation of nutrient assimilation and homeostasis, two processes leading to the modification of root architecture. LncRNAs could become interesting targets in plant breeding programs to subtly acclimate crops to coming environmental changes.

scholarly journals Response of Root Growth and Development to Nitrogen and Potassium Deficiency as well as microRNA-Mediated Mechanism in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijie Li ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Kyle E. Davis ◽  
Caitlin Patterson ◽  
Sando Oo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Root Growth And Development

The mechanism of miRNA-mediated root growth and development in response to nutrient deficiency in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is still unclear. In the present study, we found that both nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) deficiency resulted in a significant reduction in plant growth, as indicated by the significantly decreased dry weight of both shoot and root tissues under N or K deficiency. Both N and K deficiency significantly reduced the root length, root surface area, root volume, root vitality, and weakened root respiration, as indicated by the reduced O2 consuming rate. N deficiency significantly decreased primary root length and lateral root number, which might be associated with the upregulation of miR160, miR167, miR393, and miR396, and the downregulation of AFB3 and GRF. The primary and lateral root responses to K deficiency were opposite to that of the N deficiency condition. The upregulated miR156, miR390, NAC4, ARF2, and AFB3, and the downregulated miR160, miR164, miR393, and SPL10 may have contributed to the growth of primary roots and lateral roots under K deficiency. Overall, roots responded differently to the N or K deficiency stresses in peanuts, potentially due to the miRNA-mediated pathway and mechanism.

scholarly journals Growth of white clover seedlings treated with aqueous extracts of leaf and root of tough lovegrass

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1168-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Favaretto ◽  
Simone Meredith Scheffer-Basso ◽  
Vanderleia Felini ◽  
Alana Neto Zoch ◽  
Cercí Maria Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Allelopathic Compounds ◽  
Secondary Roots

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of extracts of leaf and roots of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana) on seedling growth of white clover (Trifolium repens), in two experiments. The first experiment was conducted as a pilot test, in which two concentrations (30 and 60%) of leaf aqueous extract were tested. In Experiment II, source (leaf/root) and concentration (5 and 10%) of the extracts were combined. Distilled water was used as control in both trials. Fifty seedlings at 7 days of age were placed in gerbox containers on filter paper moistened with extracts and incubated at 25°C for 14 days. In the first experiment, percentage of normal seedlings decreased by 82.5% and 100% at the concentrations of 30% and 60%, respectively, which indicated the need to increase the dilution of the extracts. In the subsequent experiment, the extracts from the two sources, at 10% of concentration, reduced by 78% the percentage of normal seedling and increased the percentage of abnormal seedlings, which reached 27%. At 5% concentration, the leaf extract was the most deleterious treatment, resulting in greater mortality (M=27.6%) and abnormality (A=19.5%) of seedlings, compared to the root extract (M=4.8%; A=9.5%) and the control (M=2.4%; A=0.25%). The morphological changes caused by the extracts were radicle necrosis, retention of cotyledons and absence of secondary roots. The results suggest that allelopathic compounds from leaves and roots of tough lovegrass differ in chemical nature and/or concentration.

Herbicidal potential of Aerva javanica to control wild oat in wheat crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Al-Ghamdi A.M. ◽  
El-Zohri M
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Wheat Germination ◽  
Radical Length

We investigated the phytotoxicity of desert cotton (Aerva javanica) extracts on wild oat and wheat. Aqueous extracts from A. javanica roots, leaves and inflorescences collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha regions, Saudi Arabia were used. Generally, the allelopathic potential of water extracts of A. javanica collected from Jeddah were more in inhibitory to wild oat germination and seedlings growth than those from Al-Baha. In both regions, root extracts were inhibitory to wild oat followed by leaves and inflorescences extracts. All test aqueous extracts of both regions did not inhibit the wheat germination or seedlings growth.Whreas, the wild oat germination was reduced by root extracts 58.62 %, 28.62 % leaves extracts : 32.72 %, 17.72 % and inflorescences extract 28.11 %, 12.13 % by in plants samples collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha, respectively. Wild oat radical length was inhibited by root extracts 53.27 %, 32.84 % leaves 42.35 %, 9.63 % and inflorescences extracts 22.64 %, 16.75 % in case of Jeddah and Al-Baha plants, respectively. In pot culture experiment, all treatments markedly reduced the plant dry weight and soluble carbohydrates, proteins and free amino acids contents in wild oat. The differences in the allelopathic potentials of studied A. javanica extracts were related to the qualitative variations in their phytochemicals constituents. Our results showed that A. javanica extracts could be safely used to control wild oat growth in wheat fields after more detsaled research..

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS ON GERMINATION OF SORGHUM SEEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra Rajpoot
Keyword(s):  
Biological System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Evolutionary Origin ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
System A ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Plant Plant

International Allelopathy Society has redefined Allelopathy as any process involving secondary metabolities produced by plants, algae, bacteria, fungi and viruses that influences the growth and development of agricultural and biological system; a study of the functions of secondary metabolities, their significance in biological organization, their evolutionary origin and elucidation of the mechanisms involving plant-plant, plant-microorganisms, plant-virus, plant-insect, plant-soil-plant interactions.

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