Hippocratic screening and subchronic oral toxicity assessments of the methanol extract of Vatairea macrocarpa heartwood in rodents

This study was based on determination of the antiulcer activity from methanol extract was prepared by using barks of pergularia extensa linn.. Priliminary investigations showed presence of saponins, terpenes, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids and sterols. Based on OECD-423 Guidelines, the pharmacology and acute oral toxicity studies were conducted by using methanolic extract. Ulcer development was prevented by Tannins because of their vasoconstriction effects and due to protein precipitation. Similarly, the Methanolic extract of Pergularia extensa Linn shows triterpenoids and saponins. The phytoconstituents are present in the extract and these could be possible agents which are involved in order to prevent gastric lesions induced by aspirin. When compared to ulcerative control groups, this Pergularia extensa Linn., shows a dose dependent curative ratio. The extracts exhibited an inhibition percentage of 27.18, 45.47 and 61.28 at doses of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg doses respectively.

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Evaluation of Hepatoprotective and in vivo Antioxidant Potentials of Methanol Extract of Tephrosia pumila against Thioacetamide Induced Liver Toxicity in Wistar Rats

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research ◽

10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v70i02.028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ramesh C ◽

Pinkey Rawal ◽

Soma Pramanik ◽

Shabana S

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Liver Toxicity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Duration ◽

Hepatoprotective Activity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Protein Ions

The objective of the current investigation was performed to assess the hepatoprotective potentials and in vivo antioxidant properties of methanol extract of Tephrosia pumila against thioacetamide induced liver damage in rats. The acute oral toxicity study of methanol extract was determined as per OECD guidelines and the extract was proved to be safe up to the dose of 2000mg/kg. The total duration of the study was 21 days and animals were divided into six groups. Hepatotoxicity was induced in the animals of all groups except normal control by single dose administration of Thioacetamide(100mg/kg) at first day of the study followed by animals were treated daily with standard drug sylimarin and methanol extract of Tephrosia pumila (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) to respective groups for 21 days. Variations in biochemical parameters like alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, albumin, total protein, ions and others parameters like clotting time and weight of the liver were considered to determine beneficial effect of the extract. At the end of the study liver samples were collected and subjected to histopathological evaluation. There were significant variations in the above mentioned biochemical parameters in toxic control animals treated with Thioacetamide alone while in the animals treated with methanol extract and standard drug silymarin, all the parameters were normal possibly due to their beneficial property in protecting the liver against thioacetamide induced hepatotoxicity. The results obtained in the above study suggesting that, the methanol extract of Tephrosia pumila possess significant hepatoprotective activity.

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Antimalarial activity of hydromethanolic extract and its solvent fractions of Vernonia amygdalina leaves in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312119849766 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 205031211984976 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Temesgen Bihonegn ◽

Mirutse Giday ◽

Getnet Yimer ◽

Abebe Animut ◽

Mekonnen Sisay

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Survival Time ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Oral Toxicity

Background: Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Asteraceae) is reported to be traditionally used for the treatment of malaria. Based on folkloric repute of this plant in Ethiopian traditional medicine and crude extract-based ethnopharmacological studies conducted in few countries, this study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo antimalarial activity of 80% methanol extract and its solvent fractions of the leaves of V. amygdalina in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Methods: A 4-day suppressive test was conducted on mice infected with P. berghei to find out antimalarial effect of chloroform, butanol and aqueous fractions obtained from the 80% methanol crude extract. In all the activity tests, mice were randomly assigned in five groups (three tests and two controls) of six animals in each and received respective treatments. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Results: Acute oral toxicity test showed that all solvent fractions of the leaves of V. amygdalina revealed neither mortality nor overt signs of toxicity up to 2000 mg/kg. This study indicated that the percentage parasitemia suppression of 80% methanol extract was 32.47% (±2.65), 35.40% (±3.14) and 37.67% (±2.50) at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, respectively. All doses of the 80% methanol extract of V. amygdalina prolonged survival time and prevented weight loss and packed cell volume reduction in infected mice. All doses of chloroform and butanol fractions significantly suppressed parasitemia (p < 0.05), increased survival time (p < 0.05) compared to negative control and exhibited a significant reduction in rectal temperature (p < 0.05). All solvent fractions significantly prevented weight loss (p < 0.05) at all tested doses. The 80% methanol extract and chloroform and butanol fractions significantly (p < 0.05) prevented further reduction in rectal temperature of P. berghei-infected mice at all doses. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that 80% methanol extract and solvent fractions of the leaves of V. amygdalina demonstrated promising antimalarial activity. The study corroborated the folklore use of this plant for the treatment of malaria in ethnomedicine in Ethiopia.

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Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Asiasari radix Extract in Mice

International Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1080/10915810701352887 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 247-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T. Ramesh ◽

K. Lee ◽

H. W. Lee ◽

S. J. Kim

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

The Body ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Acute Oral Toxicity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Icr Mice

Acute oral toxicity of methanol extract of Asiasari radix was evaluated in ICR mice of both sexes. In this study, mice were administrated orally with dosages of 1000, 3000, and 5000 mg/kg body weight of Asiasari radix extract. Mortality, signs of toxicity, body weight, food consumption, and gross findings were observed for 14 days post treatment of Asiasari radix extract. No mortality, signs of toxicity, and abnormalities in gross findings were observed. In addition, no significant differences were noticed in the body and organ weights between the control and treated groups of both sexes. These results show that the methanol extract of Asiasari radix is toxicologically safe by oral administration.

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Safety assessment of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Amphimas pterocarpoides Harms: Acute and subchronic oral toxicity studies in Wistar rats

Toxicology Reports ◽

10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 877-884 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Job Tchoumtchoua ◽

Oumarou Riepouo Mouchili ◽

Sylvin Benjamin Ateba ◽

Stéphane Zingue ◽

Maria Halabalaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Safety Assessment ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Studies

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Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity and safety of Rhus vulgaris (Anacardiaceae) extracts

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-020-03063-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Angela Mutuku ◽

Lizzy Mwamburi ◽

Lucia Keter ◽

Joyce Ondicho ◽

Richard Korir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Skin Irritation ◽

Toxicity Testing ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Traditional Use ◽

One Way Anova

Abstract Background Medicinal plants have been used in the treatment of various ailments in most developing countries. Oral infections are the most prevalent diseases in man. The Rhus family has been found to have antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Few studies have been done on Rhus vulgaris Meikle. A study was conducted to determine the effect of Rhus vulgaris Meikle stem bark extracts against selected oral pathogenic microorganisms and the safety of the extracts in vitro and in vivo. Methods Methanol:dichloromethane (1:1), methanol and aqueous extracts were tested for bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Cytotoxicity of the active extracts was determined using Vero E6 cell lines while safety was evaluated in mice and rats. Phytochemical screening was performed on the methanol extracts. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons tests were performed using IBM SPSS statistics 20.0 for antimicrobial assay and acute toxicity testing. One-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparison tests were conducted using GraphPad Prism 8.0 for cytotoxicity assay. Results Methanol extract of Rhus vulgaris showed significant antimicrobial activity against MRSA (12.00 ± 0.00 mm; p-value of < 0.005; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 0.391 mg/ml; Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of 1.563 mg/ml). The extract were not cytotoxic at 100 μg/ml which was the highest tested concentration. In acute dermal irritation testing, the methanol extract resulted in mild irritation with erythema and flaking that cleared within 8 days. There were no observable adverse effects from oral administration of the extracts (acute oral toxicity testing) at concentrations of 50 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, alkaloids and phenols were detected in the methanol extract. Conclusions Antimicrobial activity of R. vulgaris extracts supports its traditional use as a toothbrush. Cytotoxicity demonstrated by the extracts as well as the mild skin irritation warrants further study before R. vulgaris can be recommended for the development of effective and safe mouthwashes.

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Oral Toxicity Study on the 90-day Repeated-dose of 50 kGy Irradiated Methanol Extract Powder of Red Ginseng

Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition ◽

10.3746/jkfn.2011.40.6.824 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 824-831

Author(s):

Young-Eun Jeon ◽

Jin-Kyung Kim ◽

Xing-Fu Yin ◽

Ju-Woon Lee ◽

Jin-Sik Nam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methanol Extract ◽

Toxicity Study ◽

Repeated Dose ◽

Red Ginseng ◽

Oral Toxicity

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CNS Depressant and Antiepileptic Activities of the Methanol Extract of the Leaves ofIpomoea AquaticaForsk

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2010/503923 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1555-1561 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dhanasekaran Sivaraman ◽

Palayan Muralidaran

Keyword(s):

Exploratory Behavior ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Complete Protection ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Sleeping Time ◽

Cns Depressant ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Hole Board ◽

Dose Dependent ◽

Pentobarbitone Sleeping Time

The central nervous system (CNS) depressant and antiepileptic activities of the methanol extract of the leaves ofIpomoea aquaticaForsk (IAF) were investigated on various animal models including pentobarbitone sleeping time and hole-board exploratory behavior for sedation tests and strychnine, picrotoxin and pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions in mice. IAF (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.), like chlorpromazine HCl (1 mg/kg, i.m.), produced a dose-dependent prolongation of pentobarbitone sleeping time and suppression of exploratory behavior. IAF (200 and 400 mg/kg) produced dose-dependent and signiﬁcant increases in onset to clonic and tonic convulsions and at 400 mg/kg, showed complete protection against seizures induced by strychnine and picrotoxin but not with pentylenetetrazole. Acute oral toxicity test, up to 14 days, did not produce any visible signs of toxicity. These results suggest that potentially antiepileptic compounds are present in leaf extract of IAF that deserve the study of their identity and mechanism of action.

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