scholarly journals UNASUR in Venezuela: Mediation, Bias and Legitimacy

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-598
Author(s):  
Pryanka Peñafiel Cevallos ◽  
Mouly Cécile
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Do So

Abstract In light of the ongoing debate about the effectiveness of partial and impartial mediators, we examine how the Venezuelan government’s and the opposition’s perceptions of UNASUR and its good offices influenced its role as facilitator of dialogue between the two parties. We do so on the basis of interviews with key actors linked to the process, as well as a review of the literature and documentary sources. We find that, although there was a perception of lack of neutrality on the part of the mediators involved in the UNASUR effort to facilitate a dialogue in Venezuela, the parties themselves accepted the role of these mediators because they perceived that, through their means, they could achieve beneficial outcomes. Hence, we agree with various authors that the parties’ perception of a mediator is key. Nonetheless, we make a distinction between two types of perceptions that correspond to two types of legitimacy that a mediator can enjoy: ideological legitimacy and pragmatic legitimacy. We argue that the second type is essential and can explain the significant role that biased mediators play in various conflicts, such as that in Venezuela.

scholarly journals The Effect of Principal’s Distributed Leadership Practice on Students’ Academic Achievement: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Ghirmai Jambo Daniel ◽  
Hongde Lei
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Distributed Leadership ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Principal's Role ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Role Of Principal ◽  
Do So

Distributed leadership as a new scenario of educational leadership has become a popular topic in the contemporary world. Many notable researchers and members of the discourse community have contributed significantly to its development. However, little attention has paid to its effectiveness. Hence, the main purpose of this article is to analyze the existing evidence for the effect of principal’s leadership practice on students’ academic achievement from a distributed perspective. To do so, a systematic search of academic databases was conducted and 68 references spanning from the year 2001 to 2018 were selected and systematically reviewed. Due consideration was given to their concepts of distributed leadership practice, principal’s role, and students’ academic achievement. The findings of this article show that distributed leadership has positive and indirect effect on students’ academic achievement and the role of principal is indispensable. Nevertheless, there is little emperical evidence, a lack of universal accepted patterns and best practices of distributed leadership which strains further investigation. On the basis of evidence currently available, it seems reasonable to recommend scholars, policy developers, and practitioners to recognize the role of principal on distributed leadership and its best practices. 

scholarly journals Studies of linkage in populations. X. Altitude and autosomal gene arrangements in Drosophila robusta

1993 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Levitan ◽  
Sonja J. Scheffer
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Autosomal Gene ◽  
Previous Evidence ◽  
Its Gene ◽  
Consistent Change ◽  
Drosophila Robusta ◽  
Do So

SummaryData are presented concerning the gene arrangements in the second and third chromosomes of Drosophila robusta in eight altitudinal transects. A consistent change is the increase in the arrangement 2L-3, particularly in the linkage combination 2L-3.2R, with increasing altitude. The reciprocal decrease with increasing altitude affects several different 2-left arrangements, most consistently 2L-1. The arrangements of 2-right show no significant variation with altitude, and those of 3-right do so only in a few samples of the two northern transects studied, none in any of the southern ones. These results confirm previous evidence for the significant role of the arrangements of the left arm of the second chromosome in the adaptations of this species to altitude and suggest further that interactions of linked arrangements are involved in these adaptations. The data also indicate that the factors responsible for the altitudinal adaptations of this species are in many cases not the same ones that are responsible for variations in its gene arrangements with latitude.

The Role of the Independent: Ralph B. Lloyd and the Development of California's Coastal Oil Region, 1900-1940

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-328
Author(s):  
Michael R. Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Risk And Uncertainty ◽  
Do So

Independents, or nonintegrated companies, played a significant role in finding and producing crude oil in California, just as they had in Texas. They were able to do so because the resources of majors, or integrated firms, were not decisive in the search for oil. As both majors and independents increased in number, the factors of risk and uncertainty persuaded independents and majors to cooperate with each other. The case of Ralph B. Lloyd demonstrates the argument. Lloyd was a forceful individual who used his preeminent leasing position to shape the development of the Ventura Avenue field—the largest in the coastal region—through symbiotic relations with Shell and Associated. Lloyd's role is not captured in the data that scholars often use to demonstrate the dominance of m ajors in the California oil industry.

scholarly journals Migraine as a risk factor for glaucoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
Yu. S. Astakhov ◽  
D. M. Nefedova ◽  
V. A. Turgel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Angle Closure Glaucoma ◽  
Angle Closure ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Vascular Dysregulation ◽  
Primary Vascular Dysregulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Controversial Nature

This article contains a review of the literature on the issue of migraine and glaucoma interrelation. At the present time, despite the controversial nature of the results of global research, we can talk about an authentic increase of glaucoma risk in patients with a history of migraine. It is assumed a significant role of the primary vascular dysregulation in the pathogenesis of both diseases. Also we considered the issue of increasing the risk of angle-closure glaucoma during a migraine therapy with anticonvulsant called «Topiramate».

scholarly journals The Role of Natural Contradictions in Creation of Good and Evil Beliefs

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Abolghasem Dadvar ◽  
Roya Rouzbahani
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Main Issue ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

<p>Natural elements play significant role in Iranian legends. Water, mountain, earth, sky, sun, moon, stars, wind, plants, animals, rain, and fire are among natural effective and mythopoeic forces. Generally, structure of Iranian myths is a kind of believe to dichotomy in nature, in human and in contradictory forces available in the world. One of the most important aspects of this contradiction is continuous battle between good and evil. Since Iran with diverse natural geography is the land of great conflicts, main issue in this research is determining the role of natural conflicts in creating good and evil beliefs in Iranian myths. In this study, data are gathered using documentary sources and research method is comparative, descriptive, and qualitative analyses. There is natural contradiction in every land in nature and natural geography. Results indicate that among different causes that lead to formation of myths, nature and its available conflicts have great role in creation of such beliefs. <strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Role of literary works of Mahmoud Tarzi in improvement of Persian-Dari Contemporary literature in Afghanistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Zumaray Wajed
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Social Transitions ◽  
Classic Literature ◽  
Political Economic

Literature reflects human feelings and emotions that play a significant role in the process of their lives. The purpose of the study is to clarify the role of Mahmoud Tarzi in the growth and development of contemporary literature in the country in order to motivate others to pay attention to the growth and development of this phenomenon. This study is based on review of the literature. In this review, the author collected articles and books written by prominent authors. The review of the literature revealed that Mahmoud Tarzi played a crucial role in literary, cultural, political, economic, and social transitions to the extent that he considered the founder of contemporary literature in Afghanistan. Moreover, he played a crucial role in transformation and content of classic literature.

Social Representations and Commitment

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bonetto ◽  
Fabien Girandola ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
First Line ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
English Articles

Abstract. This contribution consists of a critical review of the literature about the articulation of two traditionally separated theoretical fields: social representations and commitment. Besides consulting various works and communications, a bibliographic search was carried out (between February and December, 2016) on various databases using the keywords “commitment” and “social representation,” in the singular and in the plural, in French and in English. Articles published in English or in French, that explicitly made reference to both terms, were included. The relations between commitment and social representations are approached according to two approaches or complementary lines. The first line follows the role of commitment in the representational dynamics: how can commitment transform the representations? This articulation gathers most of the work on the topic. The second line envisages the social representations as determinants of commitment procedures: how can these representations influence the effects of commitment procedures? This literature review will identify unexploited tracks, as well as research perspectives for both areas of research.

A Re-Appraisal of the Role of Blood Coagulation and Platelets in the Generalized Shwartzman Phenomenon

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 519-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Levin ◽  
E Beck
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Renal Glomeruli ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon ◽  
Do So

SummaryThe role of intravascular coagulation in the production of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon has been evaluated. The administration of endotoxin to animals prepared with Thorotrast results in activation of the coagulation mechanism with the resultant deposition of fibrinoid material in the renal glomeruli. Anticoagulation prevents alterations in the state of the coagulation system and inhibits development of the renal lesions. Platelets are not primarily involved. Platelet antiserum produces similar lesions in animals prepared with Thorotrast, but appears to do so in a manner which does not significantly involve intravascular coagulation.The production of adrenal cortical hemorrhage, comparable to that seen in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, following the administration of endotoxin to animals that had previously received ACTH does not require intravascular coagulation and may not be a manifestation of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon.

The Role of Muslim Women in Civil Society In Promoting Values and Principles for Building Peace: Action Guide from The Qur’ān

Sains Insani ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Che Amnah Bahari ◽  
Fatimah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Women And Children

The whole world, the Muslim in particular has witnessed conflicts in different areas, which have hindered the developmental efforts of the nations concerned. It should be learned that most victims of these conflicts are women and children. This article attempts to elaborate the role of Muslims Women as a crucial segment in civil society in initiating peace building through nurturing process. It maintains that the adoption of the principles and values derived from the Qur’ān and Sunnah of the Prophet is necessary as a process of lifelong learning.  Those identified values constituted the framework of this article and it adopts the textual analysis method.   This article concludes that through the implementation of those values and frameworks for peace building, women as one of the important segments of civil society are able to play significant role towards initiating peace building and promoting peaceful co-existence in pluralistic society. Abstrak: Dunia Islam khususnya telah menyaksikan konflik di pelbagai daerah yang berbeza. Konflik ini telah menghalang usaha kearah pembangunan Kawasan yang berkenaan. Kebanyakan mangsa konflik ini adalah wanita dan kanak-kanak. Artikel ini cuba untuk menghuraikan peranan wanita Islam sebagai segmen penting dalam masyarakat madani dalam membangun proses kedamaian dengan mendidik dan memupuk prinsip dan nilai murni janaan al-Qur’an. Penggunaan prinsip dan nilai yang dikutip dari ayat-ayat Qur'an dan hadis Rasulullah adalah keperluan yang mendesak sebagai wadah bagi proses pembelajaran sepanjang hayat. Nilai-nilai yang dikenal pasti merupakan rangka kerja artikel ini, dan metod yang dirujuk adalah analisis teks. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahawa melalui pelaksanaan nilai-nilai dan kerangka kerja Islam bagi proses kedamaian, wanita Islam dalam masyarakat madani mampu memainkan peranan penting dalam memulakan pembinaan keamanan dan menggalakkan kehidupan yang harmonis, sejahtera dan saling bantu membantu dalam masyarakat majmuk.

‘Wheels have been set in motion’: Geocentrism and Relativity in Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Campos
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Quantum Uncertainty ◽  
Galilean Relativity ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
20Th Century Physics ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Do So

By decentring our reading of Hamlet, Stoppard’s tragicomedy questions the legitimacy of centres and of stable frames of reference. So Liliane Campos examines how Stoppard plays with the physical and cosmological models he finds in Hamlet, particularly those of the wheel and the compass, and gives a new scientific depth to the fear that time is ‘out of joint’. In both his play and his own film adaptation, Stoppard’s rewriting gives a 20th-century twist to these metaphors, through references to relativity, indeterminacy, and the role of the observer. When they refer to the uncontrollable wheels of their fate, his characters no longer describe the destruction of order, but uncertainty about which order is at work, whether heliocentric or geocentric, random or tragic. When they express their loss of bearings, they do so through the thought experiments of modern physics, from Galilean relativity to quantum uncertainty, drawing our attention to shifting frames of reference. Much like Schrödinger’s cat, Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are both dead and alive. As we observe their predicament, Campos argues, we are placed in the paradoxical position of the observer in 20th-century physics, and constantly reminded that our time-specific relation to the canon inevitably determines our interpretation.

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