scholarly journals Selection among and within and combined selection in oil palm families derived from Dura x Dura

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Digner Santiago Ortega Cedillo ◽  
Fábio Medeiros Ferreira ◽  
Willian Silva Barros ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias ◽  
...  

Oil palm, in view of the worldwide consumed oil, is a perennial crop of great importance. Nevertheless, the genetic improvement is still incipient. In this study we applied the selection among and within families and the combined selection, based on the phenotypic values and phenotypic performance (Pi statistic), to verify which strategy obtained the highest genetic gains. Five full-sib families were evaluated in randomized blocks, with five replicates and 12 plants per plot, over five years of successive harvests. The total number of bunches and the total fruit yield per year plant-1 were evaluated. Values of 1.00 and 0.25 for the ratio between the environmental variance among plots and the environmental variance among plants within the plot for both traits, respectively, were adequate for the estimation of the genetic parameters. The existence of genetic variability in the population Dura was verified for both evaluated traits. The combined selection, based either on the phenotypic values or on the underlying Pi statistic, resulted in the highest genetic gains. Despite the satisfactory gains since it translates the true yield potential of the evaluated genotypes and their performance stability.

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 868
Author(s):  
Yao Xiao ◽  
Junhui Wang ◽  
Huiling Yun ◽  
Guijuan Yang ◽  
Jianwei Ma ◽  
...  

Catalpa bungei is an important timber tree. Improvements in growth and wood quality are important goals of C. bungei breeding, and it is necessary to understand the genetic parameters of specific target traits and genetic correlation between growth traits and wood properties for tree breeding. In this study, the genetic parameters of height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and wood properties were estimated and genetic and phenotypic correlations between growth traits and wood properties were evaluated in C. bungei. Finally, different selection scenarios were used to evaluate and select optimal clones. The results showed that there were significant differences in growth and wood properties among clones. The wood hardness (0.66–0.79), basic density (0.89), air-dried density (0.89) and compression strength parallel to the grain of wood (CSP) (0.84) had high repeatability. The variance component proportions indicated that the variation in wood properties came mainly from different genotypes (clones) rather than from different individuals of the same clone. The DBH showed a significant negative genetic correlation with the hardness of radial section (HRS) (−643), basic density (−0.531) and air-dry density (−0.495). This unfavorable relationship makes it difficult to improve growth and wood quality simultaneously in C. bungei. We selected the optimal clones under different scenarios, and we obtained 7.75–9.06% genetic gains for growth in the scenario in which height and DBH were the target traits. Genetic gains of 7.43–14.94% were obtained for wood properties by selecting optimal clones in the scenario in which wood properties were the target traits. Approximately 5% and 4% genetic gains were obtained for growth and wood properties, respectively, for the combined selection. This study provides new insights into the genetic improvement of wood quality in C. bungei.


2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 834-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Souza Silva ◽  
Elisa Ferreira Moura ◽  
João Tomé de Farias Neto ◽  
José Edson Sampaio

Abstract: The objective of this work was to estimate genetic parameters and predict genetic values for the selection of cassava (Manihot esculenta) genotypes in the state of Pará, Brazil. The trial was performed with 56 genotypes in two growing seasons (2012/2013 and 2013/2014), in the municipality of Igarapé-Açu, in the state of Pará, using the augmented blocks design with two control treatments. The evaluated traits were: plant shoot weight (PSW), number of roots per plant (NRP), number of rotten roots per plant (NRRP), fresh root yield (FRY), harvest index (HI), and starch content in the roots (SCR). The restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) methods were used. There was genetic variability among genotypes for PSW, NRP, HI, and SCR. Broad-sense heritability estimates were low for PSW and SCR, but were moderate for NRP and HI. However, the heritabilities of the average of genotypes were higher for PSW and SCR. The genetic gains of the five best genotypes varied from 6.0 to 11.08% (PSW), 15.81 to 27.10% (NRP), 9.82 to 12.14% (HI), and 1.90 to 2.20% (SCR). There is genetic variability among cassava genotypes, and the possibility of genetic gains based on selection is moderate for this region in the state of Pará.


2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (04) ◽  
pp. 819-827
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir Maqbool

Maize (Zea mays L.) is short duration, high yielding crop, and it can be grown in both spring and kharif seasons in Pakistan. In current study white and yellow maize germplasms were compared for correlations and genetic variability based on different agronomic traits to define selection criteria for maize improvement. Significant differences were observed for yield and related components for entries, checks, all tested genotypes, yellow and white germplasm. Yellow maize genotypes showed higher yield potential compared to white maize genotypes because of more grains per row and number of rows per cob. Based on correlation and path coefficient analysis, yield per plant was proved as appropriate selection criteria for white maize whereas, yield per plant and grains per row were suitable selection criteria for genetic improvement of yellow maize. Total carotenoid contents of yellow maize were independent of the yield so, both can be simultaneously targeted for genetic improvement without paying yield penalty. However, further dissection of genetic variability in yellow maize germplasm based on provitamin A carotenoids is prerequisite. So, far as genotypes, 19189, 15159, 19201, 15018, 15216, 15170, 15155, 19196, 15318 and 19174 among white maize germplasm whereas, 14965, 14982, 19205, 15019, 14971, 15163, 15205, 24687, 15207 and 15194 among yellow maize germplasm were the potential high yielding genotypes. Findings of the study in terms of selection criteria and potential maize genotypes could be useful in different breeding programs for genetic improvement of maize


Buletin Palma ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azis Natawijaya ◽  
Sintho WA ◽  
Ismail Maskromo ◽  
M. Syukur ◽  
Alex Hartana ◽  
...  

<p>Genetic variability is a basis for plant genetic improvement. Evaluation of genetic variability in oil palm populations helps breeders in determining traits for selection, determining appropriate selection methods, and identifying promising families. The study was aimed to evaluate the genetic variability within and between family in elite dura population. The research was conducted from January 2014 until December 2016 at Mekarsari Research Station. A total of 287 individuals from 18 different genetic backgrounds were used as research materials. The results showed that the phenotypic variability within and between family are wide. No single family or genotype has any superior characters yet. So a breeding approach is needed to converge all good traits into one genotype or population.</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Variabiltas genetik merupakan dasar untuk perbaikan genetik tanaman. Evaluasi variabilitas genetik pada populasi kelapa sawit membantu pemulia dalam menentukan karakter dan kriteria seleksi, menentukan metode seleksi yang tepat, dan mengidentifikasi famili-famili potensial yang memiliki karakter harapan. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengevaluasi keragaman beberapa karakter agronomi pada populasi kelapa sawit dura elit. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2014 sampai dengan Desember 2016 di Kebun Percobaan PT. Sasaran Ehsan Mekarsari. Total 287 individu yang berasal dari 18 latar belakang genetik yang berbeda digunakan sebagai bahan tanaman untuk penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakter agronomi pada populasi dura koleksi Mekarsari menunjukkan keragaman yang tinggi baik intra maupun inter famili. Karakter rasio mesocarp dan jumlah biji per tandan memiliki variasi fenotipe yang terluas dan famili atau genotipe yang memiliki semua karakter unggul belum ada. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan pemuliaan untuk menghimpun sifat-sifat baik ke dalam satu populasi atau memfiksasi gen-gen yang tersebar di antara famili atau genotipe ke dalam satu populasi<br /><br /></p>


Genetika ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 819-829
Author(s):  
Petar Zhelev ◽  
Ivan Evtimov

The paper presents results of a study on a progeny test in Yundola established in 1966 and comprising 26 local plus trees of Scots Pine. Diameters at breast height (DBH) were measured in 1996 and 2012. There were substantial differences among the performance of half-sib families regarding the diameter growth. The best performing families 30 and 46 years after planting were the same, but there were statistically significant changes in the rank of the families as a whole. Mean survival rate was 91% at the age of 30 and 79% at the age of 46, which is relatively high. Individual heritability increased from 0.2 to 0.5-0.6 from the age 30 to 46 and additive genetic coefficient of variation was 5.2% at the age of 30 and 10.1% at the age of 46. Heritabilities and estimated response to selection were within the range of the results reported in other studies on Scots Pine. The main inferences of the study are that individual selection could be a promising tool for genetic improvement of Scots Pine in the region, and genetic parameters could change over time even after 30 years of age.


2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Vargas Valadares ◽  
Rafael Nunes de Almeida ◽  
Lázaro Renilton Emerick Silva ◽  
Geferson Rocha Santos ◽  
Raissa Olmo Lacerda Pirovani ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: In view of the need to increase genetic variability to obtain materials with a significant capacity to drought tolerance, this study conducted a cycle of a reciprocal recurrent selection of full-sib families of maize. To this end, 64 full-sib families of maize were evaluated in two environments according to their morpho-agronomic data in a randomized block design with two replicates. It were analyzed of Male flowering (MF); Female flowering (FF); Flowering interval (IF); days for flowering (DF); Plant height (PH); Ear height (EH); number of plants at the Stand (NPS); Number of broken plant (NBrP); Number of bedded plants (NBeP); Strawing (St); Ear length (EL); Ear diameter (ED); Ear number (EN); Prolificacy (Pr); Number of diseased ears (NDE); Number of ears attacked by pests (NEP); Ear weight (EW); Yield (YIE) and Total Chlorophyll Index (TCI). The analysis of variance was performed by the F test at 5% significance level, and also the evaluation of genetic parameters. Regarding morpho-agronomic data, the analysis of variance and the analysis of genetic parameters showed that there was no interaction genotype x environment with regard to the genetic variability among the families under study. Lastly, the final selection of the superior genotypes was made on the basis of the ranking of the 40 most productive families, from which, combined with the molecular data, the 30 most productive, most drought-tolerant, and most genetically diverse ones were selected to compose the next cycle of recurrent maize selection aiming water-stress tolerance.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossem SAHRAOUI ◽  
TOUFIK MADANI ◽  
KHALED FANTAZI ◽  
ASMA CHAOUCH KHOUANE ◽  
ABDELKADER AMEUR AMEUR ◽  
...  

Abstract. Sahraoui H, Madani T, Fantazi K, Chaouch Khouane A, Ameur Ameur A, Paschino P, Vacca GM, Gaouar SBS, Dettori ML. 2020. Genetic variability in the A microsatellite at SLC11A1 gene and possible implications with innate resistance against brucellosis in Algerian native goats. Biodiversitas 21: 5630-5636. Goat rearing is among the major agricultural activities practiced in Algeria. However, brucellosis represents an important threat to the goat sector and to public health. The aim of our work was to characterize the genetic variability of the A microsatellite at the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of SLC11A1 gene in Algerian native goat breeds as it was associated with Brucellosis genetic resistance in goat. Genomic DNA samples of 90 goats belonging to the four Algerian native breeds; Mekatia (n = 32), Arbia (n = 30), Dwarf of Kabylia (n = 14) and Mozabit (n = 14) have been analyzed. Polymorphism of region A microsatellite was determined by capillary electrophoresis identifying 8 alleles and 20 genotypes. Genetic parameters were also estimated. Polymorphic information content was PIC = 0.60, the observed and the expected heterozygosity were Ho = 0.569 and He = 0.595, respectively, and the values of FIS, FIT and FST were 0.044, 0.064, and 0.021, respectively. The A microsatellite was highly polymorphic and alleles associated genetic resistance against brucellosis in other breeds or species have been identified. These results open a promising opportunity to implement a genetic improvement program to reduce goat brucellosis spread in Algeria.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ramos Veintimilla ◽  
O. Murillo Gamboa ◽  
L. A. Gallo

La ESPOCH en 2 016 inició un programa de mejoramiento genético con Juglans neotropica Diels, con el objetivo de potencializar su uso comercial y restaurar ecosistemas forestales degradados en la sierra ecuatoriana. En febrero de 2 018, en la granja Tunshi - ESPOCH, con una temperatura media anual de 13,8 ∘C, precipitación media anual de 835,6 mm, altitud de 2 700 msnm y en estepa espinosa Montano Bajo (Holdrige 1993). Se estableció un ensayo genético con 38 familias de medios hermanos, provenientes de las procedencias Chimborazo, Tungurahua, Bolívar y Otras. En un diseño de bloques incompletos al azar, con 19 repeticiones; la unidad experimental fue una planta. Se evaluó la supervivencia, altura total (cm), diámetro del fuste a 5 cm del suelo, y presencia temprana de ramas; Los datos fueron analizados en SELEGEN, para obtener los parámetros genéticos. A los 10 meses de evaluación, la heredabilidad individual y familiar son aún bajos, pero significativos en las variables de crecimiento (procedencias > 0,38 para altura total y > 0,31 para DAC). la variación genética entre familias duplica a la variación genética entre procedencias (2,29 a 1,15, respectivamente). El ranking entre procedencias en las variables evaluadas, encabeza la procedencia Chimborazo, mientras que la procedencia Tungurahua ocupa casi siempre los últimos lugares. La colección base de mejoramiento de J. neotropica, plantada en la ESPOCH presenta una amplia variabilidad genética. La táctica de reunir al menos 10 familias por procedencia y por lo menos 3 procedencias, ha mostrado eficiencia para contar con una población base de calidad y plantar una fuente semillera genéticamente fuerte para esta especie importante. In 2 016 ESPOCH started a breeding program with Juglans neotropica Diels, with the intent of developing its commercial use and restoring degraded forest ecosystems in the Ecuadorian highlands. In February 2 018, in the farm Tunshi ESPOCH with an average temperature of 13.8 ∘ C, annual rainfall of 835.6 mm, altitude of 2700 m. one progeny test comprised 38 sib families, sourced from Chimborazo, Tungurahua, Bolivar and other sources. In a design of randomized incomplete blocks, with 19 repetitions; The experiment evaluated plant survival, overall height (cm), stem diameter 5 cm of soil, and early presence of side branches; Genetic parameters were obtained in SELEGEN. At 10 months of evaluation, heritability individual and family are still low, but significant in the variables of growth analyzed (provenances> 0.38 for total height and> 0.31 for DAC). Genetic variation between families duplicates genetic variation among provenances (2.29 to 1.15). The ranking among provenances in all variables is lead by Chimborazo (CH) plants, while the Tungurahua (TUN) almost always origin occupies the last places in growth and vigor. The genetic improvement base collection of J. neotropica planted by ESPOCH is extremely rich and with a wide genetic variability. The strategy of bringing together at least 10 families per provenance and no less than 3 sources, has proved efficient to capture a base population. Palabras claves: Juglans neotropica Diels, procedencias, ensayo de progenies, Mejoramiento Genético. Keywords: Juglans neotropica Diels, provenance, progeny test, Breeding.


2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-306
Author(s):  
Daniel Duarte da Silveira ◽  
Lucas De Vargas ◽  
Rodrigo Junqueira Pereira ◽  
Gabriel Soares Campos ◽  
Ricardo Zambarda Vaz ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variability, genetic and phenotypic associations, and genetic gains of birth (BW), weaning (WW), and yearling (YW) weights, loin muscle area (LMA), backfat thickness (BF), rump fat thickness (RF), scores of body structure (BS), finishing precocity (FS), and muscling (MS) in Nelore cattle. Genetic parameters were obtained through Bayesian inference using BLUPF90 programs. All studied traits showed genetic variability, with heritability ranging from 0.29 to 0.47. In all studied ages, weights presented positive genetic correlations with LMA (ranging from 0.13 to 0.53), being generally stronger in comparison with the other carcass traits analyzed (BF and RF). Similarly, weights were higher genetic associated with BS (0.47–0.92) than with FS (0.18–0.62) and MS (0.22–0.65), respectively. The BF and RF showed positive and moderate genetic associations with FS and MS (0.31–0.36). Genetic trends were significant (P < 0.05) and favorable for WW, YW, and visual scores. Selection for increasing BW, WW, YW, and LMA will result in modest or no change in BF and RF (correlated response ranging from −0.04 to 0.07 mm per generation). In this population, carcass traits must be included in the selection indexes to obtain genetic gains in carcass quality, if desired.


2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Ozlem ALAN ◽  
Gulcan KINACI ◽  
Engin KINACI ◽  
Imren KUTLU ◽  
Zekiye BUDAK BASCİFTCİ ◽  
...  

The objective of this study was to determine genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genotypic and phenotypic correlations of yield, yield components and kernel quality traits in seven sweet corn varieties. The present research was conducted during 2009 and 2010 growing season in Eskisehir, midwestern Turkey. The trials were set up in randomised complete block design with four replications. Analysis of variance observed highly significant differences for all the examined traits in both years. Sugar content, soluble solid concentration and number of leaves per plant revealed the highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation values. The high heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance for sugar content, soluble solid concentration and starch content. Positive correlations were revealed between yield (husked, dehusked and fresh kernel) and yield components except plant height and 1000 seed weight. Negative correlations were found between kernel quality and yield and yield related traits. It can be concluded that, husked ear weight and dehusked ear weight could be used as the main criteria for yield improvement. It should be unfeasible to develop sweet corn varieties with satisfactory yield potential and improved kernel quality for the different sweet corn markets.


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