scholarly journals Soil fungal and bacterial biomass determined by epifluorescence microscopy and mycorrhizal spore density in different sugarcane managements

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Pereira Aleixo ◽  
Glaciela Kaschuk ◽  
Odair Alberton
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Dry Soil

Crop productivity and sustainability have often been related to soil organic matter and soil microbial biomass, especially because of their role in soil nutrient cycling. This study aimed at measuring fungal and bacterial biomass by epifluorescence microscopy and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) spore density in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) fields under different managements. We collected soil samples of sugarcane fields managed with or without burning, with or without mechanized harvest, with or without application of vinasse and from nearby riparian native forest. The soil samples were collected at 10cm depth and storage at 4°C until analysis. Fungal biomass varied from 25 to 37µg C g-1 dry soil and bacterial from 178 to 263µg C g-1 dry soil. The average fungal/bacterial ratio of fields was 0.14. The AMF spore density varied from 9 to 13 spores g-1 dry soil. The different sugarcane managements did not affect AMF spore density. In general, there were no significant changes of microbial biomass with crop management and riparian forest. However, the sum of fungal and bacterial biomass measured by epifluorescence microscopy (i.e. 208-301µg C g-1 dry soil) was very close to values of total soil microbial biomass observed in other studies with traditional techniques (e.g. fumigation-extraction). Therefore, determination of fungal/bacterial ratios by epifluorescence microscopy, associated with other parameters, appears to be a promising methodology to understand microbial functionality and nutrient cycling under different soil and crop managements.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Soil Microbial Biomass in Tarai and Hill Sal (Shorearobusta Gaertn.) Forests of Tropical Region in Eastern Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Tej Narayan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Sal Forest

A comparative study was conducted to investigate the effect of altitudinal variation and seasonality on soil microbial biomass carbon (MB-C), nitrogen (MB-N), and phosphorus (MB-P) between Tarai Sal forest (TSF) and Hill Sal forest (HSF) of the tropical region in eastern Nepal. Soil microbial biomass was estimated by chloroform fumigation - extraction method in summer, rainy and winter seasons in the upper (0-15 cm) soil depth in both forests. Pre-conditioned soil samples were saturated with purified liquid chloroform, represented fumigated sample. Another set of soil samples without using chloroform, represented unfumigated samples and soil biomass was estimated from these samples. MB-C, MB-N, and MB-P were higher by 66%, 31%, and 9%, respectively, in HSF than TSF. Distinct seasonality was observed in soil microbial biomass. It was maximum in summer and minimum in rainy season in both the forest stands. The value decreased from summer to rainy season by 46 to 67% in HSF and by 32 to 80% in TSF. Higher soil microbial biomass in the summer season may be due to its accumulation in soil when the plant growth and nutrient demand are minimal. Analysis of variance suggested that MB-C, MB-N, and MB-P were significantly different for both sites and seasons (P < 0.001). Soil organic carbon, TN, and TP were positively correlated with MB-C, MB-N, and MB-P in both the forests. In conclusion, the higher value of soil microbial biomass in HSF may be due to the higher concentration of soil organic matter and decreasing turnover rate of microbial biomass due to higher altitude. On the other hand, the lower value of microbial biomass at TSF may indicate its fast turnover rate due to lowland tropics to enhance the nutrient cycling process.

scholarly journals Impact of cadmium and lead on soil microbial biomass nitrogen of the botanical garden of ahmadu bello university, Zaria, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Oijagbe IJ ◽  
Abubakar BY ◽  
Edogbanya PRO
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Chloride Salts

This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of heavy metals on soil microbial processes. The effects of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) at different concentrations were investigated over a period of eight weeks. Chloride salts of Pb and Cd were added singly and in combination to soil samples at room temperature (27°C) in different polythene bags. Samples were taken from the bags at two weeks interval and measurements were taken of the rate of microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the microbial biomass for all treated soils from the second week to the sixth week. But there was an observed increase in microbial biomass Nitrogen on the eight week. On the 6thweek, 40mgkg-1Cd gave the most significant decrease (16µg/g) and 1000mgkg-1 Pb gave the least significant decrease (70µg/g) of MBN.

CHANGES WITH TIME IN SOIL BIOMASS C, N AND P OF MINE SPOILS IN A DRY TROPICAL ENVIRONMENT

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
A. K. JHA ◽  
J. S. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Total Soil ◽  
Soil Biomass ◽  
Biomass N ◽  
Total Soil N

Soil biomass C, N and P were determined for a native forest site, an unmined deforested site and an age-series of adjacent coal mine spoils (5, 10, 12, 16 and 20 yr). Biomass C ranged from 209 to 867 μg g−1 soil, biomass N from 20 to 75 μg g−1 soil and biomass P from 7 to 29 μg g−1 soil. Biomass C, N and P were linearly related to each other. Biomass C was also related to the root biomass. Biomass N with a mean C:N ratio of 11.8 accounted for 2.2–4.2% of the total soil N and was positively related to the mineral N of soil. Biomass C:P ratio ranged from 27.6 to 31.0%. The biomass P was significantly related to the bicarbonate soluble soil Pi. Soil microbial biomass was characterized by a mean C:N:P ratio of 29:3:1. Soil microbial C, N and P were positively related with the age of mine spoils, the values for the youngest spoil (5 yr old) being about four times lower compared to native forest soil. Total soil N was also positively related with age of spoil. The data suggest that microbial biomass can be taken as a functional index of soil redevelopment. Key words: Surface coal mining, soil microbial biomass C, biomass N, biomass P, mine spoil

scholarly journals Grass-Legume Mixtures for Improved Soil Health in Cultivated Agroecosystem

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruba Dhakal ◽  
M. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Production System ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
C And N

Planting grass-legume mixtures may be a good option to improve soil health in addition to increased forage productivity, improved forage nutritive value, and net farm profit in a hay production system. A field experiment was conducted from 2011 to 2014 at Lingle, Wyoming to evaluate soil microbial biomass under different seeding proportions of two forage grasses (meadow bromegrass, Bromus biebersteinii Roem. & Schult.; and orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L.) and one legume (alfalfa, Medicago sativa L.). Nine treatments included monoculture grass, monoculture legume, one grass and one legume mixture, two grasses and one legume mixture, and a control (not seeded with grass or legume). Monoculture grass received either no nitrogen (N) or N fertilizer (150 kg N ha−1 year−1 as urea) whereas monoculture legume, grass-legume mixtures, and control plots received no N fertilizer. The study was laid out as a randomized complete block design with three replications. The plots were harvested 3–4 times each year after the establishment year. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for microbial biomass using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis at the end of May in 2013 and 2014. Soil samples were also analyzed for mineralizable carbon (C) and N in 2013 and 2014. The total above-ground plant biomass was higher in 50–50% mixture of grass and alfalfa than monoculture alfalfa and monoculture grass (with and without N fertilizer) during the entire study period. The application of N fertilizer to the grass hay production system had little effect on improving mineralizable soil C, N, and soil microbial biomass. However, grass-legume mixture without N fertilizer had great effect on improvement of mineralizable soil C and N, and total, bacterial, and actinomycetes microbial biomass in soil. The 50–50% mixture of grass and alfalfa performed consistently well and can be considered to use in Wyoming conditions for improving soil health and forage productivity.

scholarly journals Stoichiometric characteristics of microbial biomass in oil-contaminated soil in the loess hilly region

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Shi ◽  
Zhongzheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Petroleum Contaminated Soil ◽  
Petroleum Pollutants

Abstract Purpose The present study envisaged the stoichiometry of microbial biomass in petroleum-contaminated soil, in order to study the influence of the petroleum-contaminated soil on the ecosystem stability. Methods A typical oil well area in the Northern Shaanxi was considered the research object and the oil pollution status was assessed by studying the physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the soil in the area. Results From the measurement and analysis of the petroleum pollutants in the soil samples, it was observed that the concentration of the petroleum pollutants around all the oil well areas was higher than the critical value of 500 mg/kg. Furthermore, the C to N ratio of 8 soil samples around the oil wells (0.8:1~13.3:1) was lower than that of the control soil samples in most cases and could not reach the nutrient proportion level required by soil microorganisms. It was observed that the oil organic carbon content at 0~10 m from the wellhead was obviously higher than that in other areas, and decreased with an increase in the distance from the well. Based on the determination of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC), soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), and phosphorus content analysis, it was observed that only the soil organic carbon was significantly positively correlated to the oil pollutants in soil. Conclusions Imbalance in the C to N, SMBC, and SMBN ratio can lead to an acute shortage of the required nutrients than microorganisms, limit the soil microbial reproduction and growth, and thereby slow down the rate of indigenous microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, so as to reduce the impact of oil pollution on the stability of the entire ecosystem. Therefore, during the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil in this study area, adequate nutrients need to be reasonably added to the soil.

scholarly journals Carbon and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles in native forest and horticultural areas in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Tatiana Suzin Lazeris ◽  
Jéssica Pereira de Souza ◽  
Fabiane Machado Vezzan ◽  
Caroline Lima de Matos ◽  
Glaciela Kaschuk
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Phosphorus ◽  
Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Microbial

This study was carried out to understand the dynamics of carbon and phosphorus biogeochemical cycles in native forest and horticultural areas. Soilsamples were collected from native forest and horticultural areas, in four municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba, Brazil, and evaluated for: carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus of soil microbial biomass (MBC, MBN and MBP, respectively), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), inorganic phosphorus (iP), organic phosphorus (oP) and available phosphorus (aP. Soil suspensions diluted at 10-4were spread on plates and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were counted. The analyses showed that horticultural areas soils accumulated 43% more TP whereas they lost 23% of TOC and 19% of TN comparing to native areas. 69% of TP in the native areas was organic (oP) whereas 59% of TP in the horticultural areas was inorganic (iP). Horticultural areas had lower numbers of colony forming unities of PSB than native areas. PSB was positively correlated with the ratio of MBC to TOC (qMic), which in turn, was negatively correlated with TOC and TN. Changes in the soil P fractions suggested a shift inthe soil community bacterial structure and in the values of soil microbial biomass of the two different soil ecosystems. The excessive P addition may stimulate soil microbial attack to soil organic matter reserves, whichmay have consequences for maintenance of soil quality and agriculture sustainability

scholarly journals Effects of heavy metals on soil microbial biomass carbon

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Oijagbe IJ ◽  
Abubakar BY ◽  
Edogbanya PRO ◽  
Suleiman MO ◽  
Olorunmola JB
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Microbial Processes ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Chloride Salts

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of heavy metals on soil microbial processes. The effects of Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) at different concentrations were investigated over a period of eight weeks. Chloride salts of Pb and Cd were added singly and in combination to soil samples at room temperature (270C) in different polythene bags. Samples were taken from the bags at two weeks interval and measurements were taken of the microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the microbial biomass carbon for all treated soils from the second week to the sixth week. But there was an observed increase in microbial biomass carbon on the eight week. At the sixth week, 2000mgkg-1Pb and 40mgkg-1Cd gave the most significant decrease (P < 0.05) in microbial biomass carbon of 98%.

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