scholarly journals Use of molecular marker techniques in seed testing by Brazilian seed companies

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.T. Della Vecchia ◽  
C.A.R. da Silva ◽  
P. Terenciano-Sobrinho
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Seed Testing ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Seed Market ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
High Quality Seed

Seed market is becoming global and globalization is growing very fast. To compete favourably in this new global seed world, quality and cost are and will be certanly the key issues. High seed quality can only be obtained by a thorough control of the entire seed production process, step by step from planning to final delivery. That requires science, technology, expertise, experience, good management and certanly, the most important, an absolute and unconditional commitment with quality. Seed testing for quality assurance is one important step in the process of production of high quality seed. In the late years a considerable amount of research has been published, particularly on the use of some Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA based new technologies (RAPD, microsatelites, AFLP) for genetic purity determinations in seed testing. As far as we know, no Brazilian seed company is using, on regular basis, RAPD or other molecular marker techniques in the determination of genetic purity in seed testing. Most of these are using morphological or physiological traits expressed by seed, seedling or mature plant and/or electrophoresis of seed or seedling proteins/isoenzymes for that purpose. Main reasons for that are: DNA molecular marker techniques are relatively new; lack of specialized personnel to run DNA molecular marker assays on routine basis; higher cost/sample when compared to proteins/isoenzymes electrophoresis.

scholarly journals Seed Science and Technology. Volume 48 Issue 3 (2020)

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-451
Author(s):  
Julio Marcos-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Genetic Conservation ◽  
Environmental Restoration ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Seed Testing ◽  
Ornamental Crops ◽  
Local Value

The quality of a seed lot results from the interaction of attributes that determine its overall value for a specific purpose. Seed Science and Technology is a widely recognised journal first published in 1973 as a continuation of the Proceedings of the International Seed Testing Association (1921 to 1972). The Journal publishes original papers and articles comprising different aspects of seed production, processing, storage, testing, genetic conservation, habitat regeneration and reforestation programs, with both basic and applied topics on seed science. Seed quality represents a permanent focus of Seed Science and Technology and the articles published in this issue, with a predominant approach on physiological potential, genetic purity and seed enhancement, confirm this strong commitment The species covered by the articles in this issue represent important worldwide grain, forage and ornamental crops, but there are also species with local value, for environmental restoration and medicinal application.

scholarly journals Seed genetic purity testing of F1 Benincasa hispida var. chieh-qua hybrids using SSR molecular marker analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353
Author(s):  
J.Y. Chen ◽  
Q.M. Chen ◽  
Z.G. Liu ◽  
C.L. Wang ◽  
L.L. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Purity Testing ◽  
Benincasa Hispida ◽  
Ssr Primers ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Molecular Marker Analysis

To ensure that farmers can access high-quality seeds, it is essential to find a simple, rapid and accurate method to assess seed purity. In recent years, heterosis in chieh-qua has been widely applied to production. Using the whole genome sequence of chieh-qua, we designed simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers specific for chieh-qua. The parental lines of nine hybrids were screened using 200 SSR primers, seven of which exhibited polymorphisms. The bands were clear, stable and reproducible. We found dominant and co-dominant bands between the parents of the nine hybrids. The seven pairs of SSR primers were successfully used to assess genetic purity of the nine chieh-qua hybrids. The SSR molecular marker purity assessment results were consistent with the results obtained from a field grow-out test (GOT). However, the use of SSR markers provided a more accurate, reliable and faster method for seed purity testing than the GOT. We propose using SSR molecular marker technology to assess the genetic purity of chieh-qua hybrid seeds. With this method, the seed quality can be determined faster, which may help to accelerate the chieh-qua breeding process.

scholarly journals Seed research for improved technologies

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Bino ◽  
H. Jalink ◽  
M.O. Oluoch ◽  
S.P.C. Groot
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
High Quality Seed

The production of high-quality seed is the basis for a durable a profitable agriculture. After production, seed is processed, conditioned, stored, shipped and germinated. For quality assurance, seed quality has to be controlled at all steps of the production chain. Seed functioning is accompanied by programmed transitions from cell proliferation to quiescence upon maturation and from quiescence to reinitiation of cellular metabolism upon imbibition. Despite the obvious importance of these control mechanisms, very little information is available at the molecular level concerning those elements that regulate seed germination. In the present study, the induction of cell cycle activity and the regulation of ß-tubulin expression is related to the water content and other physical properties of the seed.

Virtual Teams in the Traditional Classroom

2008 ◽  
pp. 789-805
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Rains ◽  
Craig R. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Electronic Meeting Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Collaboration Tools ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter examines the technologies available to virtual teams and issues associated with training virtual teams. We first evaluate the benefits and limitations of technologies to aid communication and collaboration. We consider the merits and limitations of asynchronous and synchronous discussion tools, groupware and collaboration tools, and electronic meeting systems. We then offer three different levels of training possible for virtual teams and discuss some key issues associated with training. Each level of training varies in intensity and is dependent upon the nature of the assignment and team objectives. The chapter concludes with some predictions and recommendations about the future of new technologies and virtual teams in the educational setting. Throughout the chapter, special considerations are made for those virtual teams operating in the traditional classroom.

Techniques and key issues in collecting crop wild relatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-184
Author(s):  
Michael Way ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Plant ◽  
Genetic Sampling ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
Seed Collections

The genetic diversity found in populations of crop wild relatives is an essential resource for future crop breeding, but populations are at risk of loss before germplasm has been fully conserved in genebanks. This chapter describes best practice for targeting and identifying species, and review knowledge about the variation in wild plant populations to guide the timing of collecting and approaches for genetic sampling. Indicators are presented for seed quality, ripeness and dispersal. Techniques for collection of seed, herbarium vouchers and associated data are reviewed with examples drawn from the Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change (Crop Wild Relative) project. Further research is needed to find optimal approaches for handling of seed to ensure high longevity of seed collections, and improved tools are needed to guide sampling of genetic diversity of crop wild relatives.

Virtual Teams in the Traditional Classroom

2006 ◽  
pp. 268-292
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Rains ◽  
Craig R. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Educational Setting ◽  
Electronic Meeting Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Collaboration Tools ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
Different Levels

This chapter examines the technologies available to virtual teams and issues associated with training virtual teams. We first evaluate the benefits and limitations of technologies to aid communication and collaboration. We consider the merits and limitations of asynchronous and synchronous discussion tools, groupware and collaboration tools, and electronic meeting systems. We then offer three different levels of training possible for virtual teams and discuss some key issues associated with training. Each level of training varies in intensity and is dependent upon the nature of the assignment and team objectives. The chapter concludes with some predictions and recommendations about the future of new technologies and virtual teams in the educational setting. Throughout the chapter, special considerations are made for those virtual teams operating in the traditional classroom.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DAMAGE FACTORS ON SOYBEAN SEED QUALITY

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Lori ◽  
M. N. Sisterna ◽  
M. C. Rollán ◽  
R. A. Barreyro
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Seed Testing

Poor quality in soybean seed can be due to physiological, pathological or mechanical causes. Seed morphological and anatomical features also make soybean more susceptible to damage factors than other plant species. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effects of the different damage factors upon soybean seed quality and its longevity during storage. In two trials, carried out in La Plata (Prov. Buenos Aires, Argentina), soybean seed samples from 7 pre-trading lines, obtained in two consecutive crops, were analysed. Assessments were performed on day 40 and day 160 after harvesting for the first trial and on day 50 and day 150 after harvest in the second. The method employed was the blotter test, following the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) rules. The parameters evaluated were: damaged cotyledons, rotten seed, fungal contamination and germination capacity. The damage factors had different influences on seed quality. The presence of pathogenic fungi did not necessarily mean low germination capacity. Their effect depended on the degree of infection, the presence of seed-borne pathogens and the time of sample analysis. Rotten seeds and damaged cotyledons caused by moisture had a striking influence on seed quality and preservation during storage.

scholarly journals Induction of resistance and chemical management of mildew and Asian rust in soybean cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Daniel Claudio Grigolo ◽  
Jean Carlo Possenti ◽  
Marcieli Da Silva ◽  
Sergio Miguel Mazaro ◽  
Karina Guollo
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Induction Of Resistance

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) is one of the most cultivated in Brazil and has lost productivity due to the attack of disease pests. Thus, it is necessary to develop new technologies capable of reducing damages caused by such biological agents. The aim of this work was to evaluate whether the chemical management of ‘eyespot’ and the induction of resistance through the use of phosphites and acibenzolar-s-methyl (ASM), in association with commercial fungicides, affect the quality of soybean seeds. The study was conducted in the field, during two consecutive harvests in Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil, and a randomized blocks experimental designs was used. The response-variables evaluated were yield components, disease severity through specific diagrammatic scales, and seed quality attributes. The use of phosphite and ASM, with and without the combination of fungicides Glifosato, Azoxistrobina + Benzovindiflupir, Azoxistrobina + Ciproconazol and Picoxistrobina + Ciproconazol did not reduce the severity of the mildew and asian soybean rust. The use of combinations of different fungicides was sufficient to mitigate the severity effects of the mildew and asian rust on soybean crop.

scholarly journals Miniaturization of analytical systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 2008-2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J Kricka
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Long Term Trend

Abstract Miniaturization has been a long-term trend in clinical diagnostics instrumentation. Now a range of new technologies, including micromachining and molecular self-assembly, are providing the means for further size reduction of analyzers to devices with micro- to nanometer dimensions and submicroliter volumes. Many analytical techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry and electrophoresis) have been successfully implemented on microchips made from silicon, glass, or plastic. The new impetus for miniaturization stems from the perceived benefits of faster, easier, less costly, and more convenient analyses and by the needs of the pharmaceutical industry for microscale, massively parallel drug discovery assays. Perfecting a user-friendly interface between a human and a microchip and determining the realistic lower limit for sample volume are key issues in the future implementation of these devices. Resolution of these issues will be important for the long-term success of microminiature analyzers; in the meantime, the scope, diversity, and rate of progress in the development of these devices promises products in the near future.

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