scholarly journals Grapevine root distribution in drip and microsprinkler irrigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Henrique Bassoi ◽  
Jan W. Hopmans ◽  
Lúcio André de Castro Jorge ◽  
Cristina Miranda de Alencar ◽  
José Antonio Moura e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Profile Method ◽  
Root Area

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) yield and its quality are dependent of the status of the root system. Root distribution information is also valuable for soil and water management. An analysis of methods to evaluate the root distribution of grapevines for both, drip and microsprinkler irrigation in a Typic Acrustox is presented for the table grape cv. Italia grafted on the rootstock IAC-313, in northeastern Brazil. Measured root parameters using the monolith method were root dry weight (Dw) and root length density (Lv), while root area (Ap) was estimated using the soil profile method in combination with digital image analysis. For both irrigation systems, roots were present to the 1 m soil depth and extended laterally to 1 m distance from the trunk, but grapevines irrigated by microsprinkler showed greater root presence as the distance from the trunk increased. Values of Ap were reasonably well correlated to Dw and Lv. However, correlation values were higher when fractional root distribution was used. The soil profile method in combination with image analysis techniques, allows proper grapevine root distribution evaluation.

scholarly journals Nondestructive Methods to Estimate Leaf Area in Vitis vinifera L.

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Montero ◽  
J.A. de Juan ◽  
A. Cuesta ◽  
A. Brasa
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Maximum Width

The importance of rapid, nondestructive, and accurate measurements of leaf area (LA) in agronomic and physiological studies is well known, but a search of the literature revealed little information available for grape (Vitis vinifera L.). The results described herein include a comparison of 12 different mathematical models for estimating leaf area in `Cencibel'. The simplest, most accurate regression equations were: LAi = 0.587 LW (R2 = 0.987) and LAi = 0.588 LW (R2 = 0.994), where LAi is leaf area measured using image analysis and LW is leaf length × maximum width. Use of maximum width (W), leaf length (L), petiole length (Lp), and dry weight of leaves (DML) as single variables in the regression equations were not as closely associated with total leaf area, although their R2 values were also highly significant.

scholarly journals A Deep Learning-Based Phenotypic Analysis of Rice Root Distribution from Field Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Teramoto ◽  
Y. Uga
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Profile Method ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Root Phenotyping ◽  
Two Parameters

Root distribution in the soil determines plants’ nutrient and water uptake capacity. Therefore, root distribution is one of the most important factors in crop production. The trench profile method is used to observe the root distribution underground by making a rectangular hole close to the crop, providing informative images of the root distribution compared to other root phenotyping methods. However, much effort is required to segment the root area for quantification. In this study, we present a promising approach employing a convolutional neural network for root segmentation in trench profile images. We defined two parameters, Depth50 and Width50, representing the vertical and horizontal centroid of root distribution, respectively. Quantified parameters for root distribution in rice (Oryza sativa L.) predicted by the trained model were highly correlated with parameters calculated by manual tracing. These results indicated that this approach is useful for rapid quantification of the root distribution from the trench profile images. Using the trained model, we quantified the root distribution parameters among 60 rice accessions, revealing the phenotypic diversity of root distributions. We conclude that employing the trench profile method and a convolutional neural network is reliable for root phenotyping and it will furthermore facilitate the study of crop roots in the field.

scholarly journals Application of Mapping and Pinboard Mapping for Observation of Corn Plantation Root at Inceptisol Soil, Tlogomas, Malang

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Azizah Susilawati
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mapping Technique ◽  
Grid System ◽  
Soil Physics ◽  
Small Roots

This research was carried out in Tlogomas, Malang. The goal of this study is to find out how interaction between root and soil physics condition in inceptisol. This interaction will give implication in roots distribution of corn in the soil. This research using mapping and pinboard tehnique to capture the root distribution in the soil and lassified in big, middle, and small roots. Mapping technique used to count number of root that shown in the soil profile. Pinboard technique used to get roots and divide into grid system to measure roots distribution each depth of soil. The result of this research shows that soil dry weight decreasing into deeper soil. Horisontally, root distributed 50 cm from the steam. Mapping and pinboard technique that applied together will give more effecctive information about root distribution.

scholarly journals Genotypic variation in soil water use and root distribution and their implications for drought tolerance in chickpea

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramamoorthy Purushothaman ◽  
Lakshmanan Krishnamurthy ◽  
Hari D. Upadhyaya ◽  
Vincent Vadez ◽  
Rajeev K. Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Deep Soil

Chickpeas are often grown under receding soil moisture and suffer ~50% yield losses due to drought stress. The timing of soil water use is considered critical for the efficient use of water under drought and to reduce yield losses. Therefore the root growth and the soil water uptake of 12 chickpea genotypes known for contrasts in drought and rooting response were monitored throughout the growth period both under drought and optimal irrigation. Root distribution reduced in the surface and increased in the deep soil layers below 30 cm in response to drought. Soil water uptake was the maximum at 45–60 cm soil depth under drought whereas it was the maximum at shallower (15–30 and 30–45 cm) soil depths when irrigated. The total water uptake under drought was 1-fold less than optimal irrigation. The amount of water left unused remained the same across watering regimes. All the drought sensitive chickpea genotypes were inferior in root distribution and soil water uptake but the timing of water uptake varied among drought tolerant genotypes. Superiority in water uptake in most stages and the total water use determined the best adaptation. The water use at 15–30 cm soil depth ensured greater uptake from lower depths and the soil water use from 90–120 cm soil was critical for best drought adaptation. Root length density and the soil water uptake across soil depths were closely associated except at the surface or the ultimate soil depths of root presence.

scholarly journals Root length density (RLD) of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in a haplic Luvisol in Chiapas, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
José Jesús Obrador-Olán ◽  
Mepivoseth Castelán-Estrada ◽  
Alberto Córdova Sánchez ◽  
Sergio Salgado-García ◽  
Eustolia García-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Support Functions ◽  
Oil Palms

The tight relationship between root architecture and uptake capacity of soil water and minerals, is well established. Support roots, generally long-lived, perform support functions such as transportation and food storage. Absorbing roots, thin and short-lived, absorb nutrients and regulate plant metabolism. Roots distribution in the soil profile is crucial for plant development. It optimizes resource usage and ensures a prompt response to seasonal changes. This work aimed to study the vertical distribution of the root system of nine-year-old oil palms in a haplic Luvisol, low fertility, moderately acidic, with Nitrogen (N) and Potassium (K) deficiency, average content of Phosphorous (P), and medium to low Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Using the cylinder method, soil samples were collected every 10 cm and down to 150 cm of soil depth, from each cardinal side of three soil profiles. The results showed that oil palms had good root development. Most roots (73%) were found in the first 30 cm of soil, with a predominance of fine roots (78%). At 50 cm in depth, fine roots represented 88%, thin roots, 67% and medium roots, 94%. Further study should assess root length density at 15, 20, 25, and 30 years. Highlights - Haplic luvisols are optimal soils for oil palm cultivation due to their depth (> 150cm), over 50% base saturation, and pH of 5.5-6.6. - Root length density (RLD) decreased as soil depth increased. Although most oil palm roots are found in surface horizons, roots can still be found at depths of up to 1.5-5 m. - The highest number of oil palm roots (73%) was found in the first 30 cm, with 78% of fine roots. - Fine roots were distributed throughout the entire soil profile, evidencing  high nutrient-absorption and metabolic activities.

scholarly journals Variation in Salinity through the Soil Profile in South Coastal Region of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asadul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Salt Accumulation ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The spatial variability of salt accumulation through the soil profile was studied at Latachapali union of Kalapara upazila, Patuakhali district, Bangladesh. The soil samples were collected from 30 locations covering six villages of the union: Kuakata, Malapara, Fashipara, Khajura, Mothaopara and Tajepara. Five locations were randomly selected from each village. From each location soil samples were collected from three soil depths at 0-2 cm, 2.1-4 cm and 4.1-6 cm. Electrical conductivity of top 0-2 cm soil depth was 20.49 dS/m, in 2.1-4 cm soil depth was 7.14 dS/m and in 4.1-6 cm soil depth 4.15 dS/m. The study soils were strongly acidic having pH value 4.73, 4.99 and 5.20 in 0-2, 2.1-4 and 4.1-6 cm soil depth, respectively. The highest of 8.8 Na:K ratio was found in 0-2 cm soil depth. The Na:K ratio gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth, having 6.59 in 2.1-4 cm and 5.42. in 4.1-6 cm soil depth. The results clearly reveal that the top soil is very much sensitive to salt stress. Based on the electrical conductivity and Na:K ratio the Fashipara, Kuakata and Tajepara village were found seriously affected by salinity.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 1, 11-23, 2018

scholarly journals Shallow Substrates Support the Growth of Contrasting Plant Types Installed in Irrigated, Arid-Climate Green Roofs1

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
Lauren Forrest ◽  
Rachel Gioannini ◽  
Dawn M. VanLeeuwen ◽  
Rolston St. Hilaire
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Design Factor ◽  
Substrate Depth

Abstract Extreme evaporative demand makes substrate depth a critical design factor in arid-climate green roofs. The objective of this study was to determine whether a shallow irrigated substrate could support the growth of hens and chicks (Sempervivum calcareum L.) and iceplant [Delosperma nubigenum (Hook.f.) L.Bolus] in an arid environment. First, an experiment was conducted in the greenhouse that established that plants survived in 10 cm (3.9 in), 15 cm (5.9 in), and 20 cm (7.9 in) substrate depths, which then lead to a second experiment in an outdoor environment. The substrate was heat-expanded clay:sand:worm castings (6:3:1, by volume) in a greenhouse experiment and heat-expanded clay:zeolite:worm castings (6:3:1, by volume) in an outdoor experiment. In the greenhouse experiment, deep root length density (RLD) was significantly greater in the 10 cm-deep (3.9 in) substrate, while outdoors, deep RLD was highest for plants grown in the 15 cm-deep (5.9 in) substrate. Outdoors, iceplant had significantly greater mean coverage and shoot dry weight than hens and chicks. Lack of significant differences in quality and coverage due to substrate depth, coupled with higher RLD in the 10 cm (3.9 in) and 15 cm (5.9 in) depths in both experiments provides evidence that shallow irrigated substrates support the growth of both taxa. Index words: iceplant, hens and chicks, plant coverage, root length density, quality, zeolite, heat expanded clay. Species used in this study: hens and chicks (Sempervivum calcareum L.); iceplant [Delosperma nubigenum (Hook.f.) L. Bolus].

scholarly journals Above and Belowground Growth of Corymbia maculata in a Constructed Soil: The Effect of Profile Design and Organic Amendment

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Karen Smith ◽  
Peter May ◽  
Robert White
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Profile Design

Spotted gum (Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson), a common street tree in southern Australian cities, was used to assess growth responses to variations in profile design and organic amendment of constructed soils. Aboveground growth responses were total stem dry weight and foliar nutrient content. The belowground response was root length density. Soil profiles were constructed of sand, amended with either coir fiber, composted biosolids or composted green waste, at rates of 0, 5, 10 or 20% by volume. The profiles were either layered, with a 150 mm (6 in) organic-amended surface layer, or uniform, with amendment of the entire profile. A single fertilizer treatment was applied to all profiles. Shoot dry weight was only affected by organic matter type with the greatest growth in sand amended with composted biosolids. Foliage P and K content were affected by amendment but foliage N was not. Profile design affected root length density and distribution. Trees in uniform profiles had greater root length density, and a more uniform distribution of roots, especially with compost amendments. Above- and belowground growth increases are thought to be due to increased nutrient status resulting from organic matter mineralization.

Paddy Soil Profile Distribution of δ13C Subjected to Rice Straw Amendment and Burning

2019 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wutthikrai Kulsawat ◽  
Boonsom Porntepkasemsan ◽  
Phatchada Nochit
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Straw Amendment ◽  
Stubble Burning

Paddy residues are the most generous agricultural biomass from the paddy cultivation, Paddy residues practices include crop residue amendment and in-situ burning. It indicated that residue amendment increased the organic carbon and nutrient contents in soil, However, an open residue burning is still a common practice in Thailand despite of strict law enforcements and proper education to farmers about its implications on soil, human and animal health The present study determined how residues management practices: residue amendment and stubble burning, influence the soil organic carbon by determining δ13C in paddy soil profile. The 30 cm depth soil samples from the naturally straw amendment and stubble burning paddy fields were collected in Chiang Khwan district, Roi-et province during 2017. The δ13C values with soil depth showed that residue management practices produce statistical differences in both soils. The δ13C values of soil samples from amendment and burning sites ranged from-23.19‰ to-17.98‰ and-24.79‰ to-19.28‰, respectively. Carbon isotopes differentiate clearly between amendment site (more positive values) and burning site (more negative values). The results from this study were in accordance with literatures which reported that the δ13C distribution in the soil profile can be applied to study in SOC dynamics as a result of different paddy residue management practices (amendment or burning). Further research is needed to confirm the validity of the stable carbon isotope technique in this type of studies.

scholarly journals Phosphorus and root distribution and corn growth as related to long-term tillage systems and fertilizer placement

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1237-1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Ely Valadão Gigante de Andrade Costa ◽  
Edicarlos Damaceno de Souza ◽  
Ibanor Anghinoni ◽  
João Paulo Cassol Flores ◽  
Eduardo Giacomelli Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
P Utilization

Soil and fertilizer management during cultivation can affect crop productivity and profitability. Long-term experiments are therefore necessary to determine the dynamics of nutrient and root distribution as related to soil profile, as well as the effects on nutrient uptake and crop growth. An 18-year experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul State (UFRGS), in Eldorado do Sul, Brazil, on Rhodic Paleudult soil. Black oat and vetch were planted in the winter and corn in the summer. The soil management methods were conventional, involving no-tillage and strip tillage techniques and broadcast, row-and strip-applied fertilizer placement (triple superphosphate). Available P (Mehlich-1) and root distribution were determined in soil monoliths during the corn grain filling period. Corn shoot dry matter production and P accumulation during the 2006/2007 growing season were determined and the efficiency of P utilization calculated. Regardless of the degree of soil mobilization, P and roots were accumulated in the fertilized zone with time, mainly in the surface layer (0-10 cm). Root distribution followed P distribution for all tillage systems and fertilizer treatments. Under no-tillage, independent of the fertilizer placement, the corn plants developed more roots than in the other tillage systems. Although soil tillage systems and fertilizer treatments affected P and root distribution throughout the soil profile, as well as P absorption and corn growth, the efficiency of P utilization was not affected.

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