Paddy Soil Profile Distribution of δ13C Subjected to Rice Straw Amendment and Burning

Paddy residues are the most generous agricultural biomass from the paddy cultivation, Paddy residues practices include crop residue amendment and in-situ burning. It indicated that residue amendment increased the organic carbon and nutrient contents in soil, However, an open residue burning is still a common practice in Thailand despite of strict law enforcements and proper education to farmers about its implications on soil, human and animal health The present study determined how residues management practices: residue amendment and stubble burning, influence the soil organic carbon by determining δ13C in paddy soil profile. The 30 cm depth soil samples from the naturally straw amendment and stubble burning paddy fields were collected in Chiang Khwan district, Roi-et province during 2017. The δ13C values with soil depth showed that residue management practices produce statistical differences in both soils. The δ13C values of soil samples from amendment and burning sites ranged from-23.19‰ to-17.98‰ and-24.79‰ to-19.28‰, respectively. Carbon isotopes differentiate clearly between amendment site (more positive values) and burning site (more negative values). The results from this study were in accordance with literatures which reported that the δ13C distribution in the soil profile can be applied to study in SOC dynamics as a result of different paddy residue management practices (amendment or burning). Further research is needed to confirm the validity of the stable carbon isotope technique in this type of studies.

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Distribution of iron, manganese and phosphorus in the paddy soil profile

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600021237 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 318-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. A. Islam ◽

A. A. Choudhury

Keyword(s):

Distribution Pattern ◽

Paddy Soil ◽

Paddy Field ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Paddy Fields ◽

Waterlogged Condition ◽

Iron Manganese

Soils collected from paddy fields were kept in a waterlogged condition in glass cylinders with and without drainage. After about 2 months of waterlogging soil samples were collected from each cm. depths of the cylinders, both from the bright and dark sides of the cylinders. The soil samples were analysed for iron, manganese and phosphorus. At the beginning these elements were uniformly distributed throughout the entire soil depth, but as a result of waterlogging a distribution pattern developed. More of these elements concentrated on the surface and illuminated sides of the cylinders. It is assumed that such a phenomenon also occurs in the paddy field. These elements by concentrating on the soil surface limit the feeding zones to the top 3–5 cm. of the soil.

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Variation in Salinity through the Soil Profile in South Coastal Region of Bangladesh

Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences ◽

10.3329/jbas.v42i1.37829 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 11-23

Author(s):

Mohammad Asadul Haque

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Ph Value ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Salt Accumulation ◽

Top Soil ◽

Academy Of Sciences

The spatial variability of salt accumulation through the soil profile was studied at Latachapali union of Kalapara upazila, Patuakhali district, Bangladesh. The soil samples were collected from 30 locations covering six villages of the union: Kuakata, Malapara, Fashipara, Khajura, Mothaopara and Tajepara. Five locations were randomly selected from each village. From each location soil samples were collected from three soil depths at 0-2 cm, 2.1-4 cm and 4.1-6 cm. Electrical conductivity of top 0-2 cm soil depth was 20.49 dS/m, in 2.1-4 cm soil depth was 7.14 dS/m and in 4.1-6 cm soil depth 4.15 dS/m. The study soils were strongly acidic having pH value 4.73, 4.99 and 5.20 in 0-2, 2.1-4 and 4.1-6 cm soil depth, respectively. The highest of 8.8 Na:K ratio was found in 0-2 cm soil depth. The Na:K ratio gradually decreased with the increase of soil depth, having 6.59 in 2.1-4 cm and 5.42. in 4.1-6 cm soil depth. The results clearly reveal that the top soil is very much sensitive to salt stress. Based on the electrical conductivity and Na:K ratio the Fashipara, Kuakata and Tajepara village were found seriously affected by salinity.Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 42, No. 1, 11-23, 2018

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Matching legacy estimation of soil organic carbon changes from non-paired data with measured values in paired soil samples after two decades: a case study

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10639 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Calogero Schillaci ◽

Sergio Saia ◽

Aldo Lipani ◽

Alessia Perego ◽

Claudio Zaccone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Reliable Estimate ◽

Model Errors ◽

Paired Data ◽

Concentration Changes ◽

Legacy Data

Legacy data are frequently unique sources of data for the estimation of past soil properties. With the rising concerns about greenhouse gases (GHG) emission and soil degradation due to intensive agriculture and climate change effects, soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration might change heavily over time.When SOC changes is estimated with legacy data, the use of soil samples collected in different plots (i.e., non-aligned data) may lead to biased results. The sampling schemes adopted to capture SOC variation usually involve the resampling of the original sample using a so called paired-site approach.In the present work, a regional (Sicily, south of Italy) soil database, consisting of N=302 georeferenced soil samples from arable land collected in 1993 [1], was used to select coinciding sites to test a former temporal variation (1993-2008) obtained by a comparison of models built with data sampled in non-coinciding locations [2]. A specific sampling strategy was developed to spot SOC concentration changes from 1994 to 2017 in the same plots at the 0-30 cm soil depth and tested.To spot SOC changes the minimum number of samples needed to have a reliable estimate of SOC variation after 23 years has been estimated. By applying an effect size based methodology, 30 out of 302 sites were resampled in 2017 to achieve a power of 80%, and an a=0.05.After the collection of the 30 samples, SOC concentration in the newly collected samples was determined in lab using the same methodA Wilcoxon test applied to the variation of SOC from 1994 to 2017 suggested that there was not a statistical difference in SOC concentration after 23 years (Z = -0.556; 2-tailed asymptotic significance = 0.578). In particular, only 40% of resampled sites showed a higher (not always significant) SOC concentration than in 2017.This finding contrasts with a previous SOC concentration increase that was found in 2008 (75.8% increase when estimated as differences of 2 models built with non-aligned data) [2], when compared to 1994 observed data (Z = -9.119; 2-tailed asymptotic significance < 0.001).Such a result implies that the use of legacy data to estimate SOC concentration changes need soil resampling in the same locations to overcome the stochastic model errors. Further experiment is needed to identify the percentage of the sites to resample in order to align two legacy datasets in the same area.Bibliography[1]Schillaci C, et al.,2019. A simple pipeline for the assessment of legacy soil datasets: An example and test with soil organic carbon from a highly variable area. CATENA.[2]Schillaci C, et al., 2017. Spatio-temporal topsoil organic carbon mapping of a semi-arid Mediterranean region: The role of land use, soil texture, topographic indices and the influence of remote sensing data to modelling. Sci Total Environ.&#160;

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Determining the Distribution and Interaction of Soil Organic Carbon, Nitrogen, pH and Texture in Soil Profiles: A Case Study in the Lancangjiang River Basin, Southwest China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11050532 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 532 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenxiang Zhou ◽

Guilin Han ◽

Man Liu ◽

Jie Zeng ◽

Bin Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

River Basin ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Soil Texture ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Profiles ◽

Soil Organic Nitrogen ◽

Silty Loam

The profile distributions of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic nitrogen (SON), soil pH and soil texture were rarely investigated in the Lancangjiang River Basin. This study aims to present the vertical distributions of these soil properties and provide some insights about how they interact with each other in the two typical soil profiles. A total of 56 soil samples were collected from two soil profiles (LCJ S-1, LCJ S-2) in the Lancangjiang River Basin to analyze the profile distributions of SOC and SON and to determine the effects of soil pH and soil texture. Generally, the contents of SOC and SON decreased with increasing soil depth and SOC contents were higher than SON contents (average SOC vs. SON content: 3.87 g kg−1 vs. 1.92 g kg−1 in LCJ S-1 and 5.19 g kg−1 vs. 0.96 g kg−1 in LCJ S-2). Soil pH ranged from 4.50 to 5.74 in the two soil profiles and generally increased with increasing soil depth. According to the percentages of clay, silt, and sand, most soil samples can be categorized as silty loam. Soil pH values were negatively correlated with C/N ratios (r = −0.66, p < 0.01) and SOC contents (r = −0.52, p < 0.01). Clay contents were positively correlated with C/N ratios (r = 0.43, p < 0.05) and SOC contents (r = 0.42, p < 0.01). The results indicate that soil pH and clay are essential factors influencing the SOC spatial distributions in the two soil profiles.

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CQESTR Simulated Changes in Soil Organic Carbon under Residue Management Practices in Continuous Corn Systems

BioEnergy Research ◽

10.1007/s12155-015-9654-6 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 23-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Brian J. Wienhold ◽

Marty R. Schmer ◽

Virginia L. Jin ◽

Gary E. Varvel ◽

Hero Gollany

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Management Practices ◽

Residue Management ◽

Continuous Corn

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The chemical and physical stability soil organic carbon in the top 1 m of the soil profile under different land uses in the UK

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-514 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dedy Antony ◽

Jo Clark ◽

Chris Collins ◽

Tom Sizmur

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Physical Stability ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Land Uses ◽

Total N

Soils are the largest terrestrial pool of organic carbon and it is now known that as much as 50% of soil organic carbon (SOC) can be stored below 30 cm. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanisms by which soil organic carbon is stabilised at depth and how land use affects this is important.This study aimed to characterise topsoil and subsoil SOC and other soil properties under different land uses to determine the SOC stabilisation mechanisms and the degree to which SOC is vulnerable to decomposition. Samples were collected under three different land uses: arable, grassland and deciduous woodland on a silty-clay loam soil and analysed for TOC, pH, C/N ratio and texture down the first one metre of the soil profile. Soil organic matter (SOM) physical fractionation and the extent of fresh mineral surfaces were also analysed to elucidate SOM stabilisation processes.Results showed that soil texture was similar among land uses and tended to become more fine down the soil profile, but pH did not significantly change with soil depth. Total C, total N and C/N ratio decreased down the soil profile and were affected by land use in the order woodland > grassland > arable. SOM fractionation revealed that the free particulate organic matter (fPOM) fraction was significantly greater in both the topsoil and subsoil under woodland than under grassland or arable. The mineral associated OC (MinOC) fraction was proportionally greater in the subsoil compared to topsoil under all land uses: arable > grassland > woodland. Clay, Fe and Mn availability play a significant role (R2=0.87) in organic carbon storage in the top 1 m of the soil profile.It is evidently clear from the findings that land use change has a significant effect on the dynamics of the SOC pool at depth, related to litter inputs to the system.

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Chemical and physical properties of an anthropogenic dark earth soil from Bragança, Para, Eastern Amazon

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392201505663 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 337-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luma Castro de SOUZA ◽

Herdjania Veras de LIMA ◽

Sueli RODRIGUES ◽

Dirse Clara KERN ◽

Álvaro Pires da SILVA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Retention ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Water Retention Curve ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

Adjacent Soil

ABSTRACT Although anthropogenic dark earth (ADE) is generally found in non-floodable land, it also occurs on floodplains but, there is no information about the chemical and physical characteristics of ADE in this environment. In this study, we propose to check the hypothesis that a Gleysol, classified as ADE, presents improved chemical and physical conditions than an adjacent soil, no anthropogenic. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the chemical and physical properties of the top layer of two ADE profiles in a Gleysol and compare them with an adjacent soil. Samples were taken from two areas classified as ADE in Bragança, Pará State, Brazil, at the "Jabuti" archaeological site, and from an adjacent non-anthropogenic site. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected at the soil depth of 0.05-0.10 m for chemical (pH, potential acidity, exchangeable cations, and soil organic carbon) and physical (soil particle size distribution, particles density, water retention curve, total porosity, microporosity, macroporosity, and bulk density) analysis. The two areas of ADE in a Gleysol, showed improved soil chemical properties compared to the adjacent soil, particularly in relation to phosphorus and calcium levels that contributed to higher cation exchange capacity which, in turn, was positively related to organic carbon content. Changes in soil physical properties were less noticeable but both areas of ADE presented higher water retention capacity, particularly at low tension. The improved conditions of the ADE soil under Gleysols shows that these areas are adequate for soil cultivation, especially with plants adapted to floodplain.

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Relationship between the mass of organic matter and carbon in soil

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132008000200005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 263-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Silmara R. Bianchi ◽

Mario Miyazawa ◽

Edson L. de Oliveira ◽

Marcos Antonio Pavan

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Loss On Ignition ◽

Oxidation Degree ◽

Wide Range

The quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) was estimated through the determination of soil organic carbon (SOC) times a factor, which assumes that 58% of the SOM was formed by carbon. A number of soil samples with wide range of SOC content collected in the state of Paraná, Brazil were evaluated in the laboratory. SOC was measured by Walkley-Black method and the total SOM by loss on ignition. The SOC was positively correlated with SOM. The SOM/SOC ratio varied from 1.91 to 5.08 for the soils. It shows that Brazilian SOM has greater oxidation degree. Although, the SOM and SOC decreased with soil depth the SOM/SOC ratio increased. It showed that SOM in the subsoil contained more oxygen but less carbon than the SOM in the upper soil surface. The CEC/SOC also increased with depth indicating that the functional groups of the SOM increased per unity of carbon.

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Homogenization of Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities by Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Cultivated under Different Conservation Agricultural Practices in the Eastern Himalayas

10.1101/662775 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Diptaraj Chaudhari ◽

Krishnappa Rangappa ◽

Anup Das ◽

Jayanta Layek ◽

Savita Basavaraju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Communities ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soil Health ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Residue Management ◽

Bulk Soil ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

North East

AbstractConservation agriculture offers a suitable system to harmonize agriculture with the environment, especially in fragile ecosystems of North-East India. Soil microbes play pivotal roles in ecosystem functioning and act as indispensable indicators of overall fitness of crop plant and soil health. Here we demonstrated that altercations in residue management and tillage practices lead to the development of differential bacterial communities forcing the pea plants to recruit special groups of bacteria leading to highly homogenous rhizosphere communities. Pea rhizosphere and bulk soil samples were collected, and bacterial community structure was estimated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and predictive functional analysis was performed using Tax4Fun. The effect on pea plants was evident in the bacterial communities as the overall diversity of rhizosphere samples was significantly higher to that of bulk soil samples. Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Planomicrobium, Enterobacter, Arthrobacter, Nitrobacter, Geobacter, and Sphingomonas were noticed as the most abundant genera in the rhizosphere and bulk soil samples. The abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria altered significantly in the rhizosphere and bulk samples, which was further validated by qPCR. Selection of specific taxa by pea plant was indicated by the higher values of mean proportion of Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Nitrobacter, Enterobacter and Sphingomonas in rhizosphere samples, and Massilia, Paenibacillus and Planomicrobium in bulk soil samples. Tillage and residue management treatments did not significantly alter the bacterial diversity, while their influence was observed on the abundance of few genera. Recorded results revealed that pea plant selects specific taxa into its rhizosphere plausibly to meet its requirements for nutrient uptake and stress amelioration under the different tillage and residue management practices.

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Minimizing Soil Nitrogen Leaching by Changing Furrow Irrigation into Sprinkler Fertigation in Potato Fields in the Northwestern China Plain

Water ◽

10.3390/w12082229 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2229

Author(s):

Wenzhu Yang ◽

Yan Jiao ◽

Mingde Yang ◽

Huiyang Wen ◽

Peng Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Profile ◽

Management Practices ◽

Root Zone ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Nitrogen Loss ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Furrow Irrigation ◽

N Leaching ◽

N Accumulation

Irrigation water is limiting for crop production in arid areas and application rates of fertilizers often exceed crop requirements, resulting in high accumulation of nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) in the soil. Management practices play a significant role in the leaching of NO3−-N. This experiment compares the effects of traditional furrow irrigation and sprinkler fertigation on the soil NO3−-N concentration trend throughout the cropping season in potato fields in China. Two irrigation systems that were fertilized, namely by furrow (NF-FI) and sprinkler fertigation (NF-SI), and two controlling without any fertilizer (C-FI and C-SI) were tested in the same experimental site for three consecutive years. Both the NF-FI soils and NF-SI soils with three replications and fertilizer applications of 273 kg N ha−1 exhibited a different trend of NO3−-N accumulation at different depths of soil profile. However, the magnitude of NO3−-N accumulation was low in the NF-SI soil profile. In NF-SI treatments, higher NO3−-N was observed at 20–40 cm soil layer. In the NF-FI, the concentration of the highest nitrate was observed at the 40–120 cm soil layer. The concentrations of NO3−-N in the fertilized soil were higher than those of the control soil for each irrigation system. Residual levels of NO3−-N in the soil depth of 40–120 cm from NF-FI were 1.54, 3.45 and 5.28 times higher than NF-SI after harvesting potatoes from 2015 to 2017. In NF-FI treatments, apparent nitrogen loss was 234.7, 237.5 and 276.7 kg ha−1 after harvesting potatoes in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Meanwhile, apparent nitrogen loss from NF-SI treatments was only 161.9, 132.1 and 148.9 kg ha−1, which was 31.0%, 44.4% and 46.2% lower than that of NF-FI in 2015, 2016 and 2017, respectively. The risk of NO3−-N leaching below the root zone from NF-FI was higher than that from NF-SI. It has been demonstrated that sprinkler fertigation can also be used as a tool for mitigating NO3−-N accumulation and apparent nitrogen loss.

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