scholarly journals A review of the measurement of sediment yield in different scales

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos de Araújo ◽  
Donald W. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Global Data

The present review paper has the objective of presenting and briefly discussing the state-of-the-art papers on sediment yield (SY) measurement. About 80 publications are referred to, representing all continents, and more than 30 countries. It is observed that SY measurement technique is a much stronger function of temporal than of spatial resolution. Annual average SY data of 364 catchments are summarized. Global data presents no trend concerning catchment area and the same behavior is observed for the continents, except for Africa, which presents a consistent decrease of SY with increasing area. A graphical representation of the spatial and temporal applicability of the different SY measurement techniques is shown.

Automated Anthropometric Measuring Devices for Use in Mass-Screening

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (38) ◽  
pp. 719-722
Author(s):  
William F. Moroney
Keyword(s):  
Mass Screening ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
The State ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Electro Magnetic

The purpose of this paper is to describe the state of the art in anthropometric measuring devices used for mass screening. In addition, technologies which could be used for automated mass screening are identified and described. A review of the literature identified only two operational anthropometric measurement devices currently used for mass screening. A variety of potentially applicable measurement techniques including acoustic, light, electro-magnetic, potentiometric/electro-optical (including digitizing arms) technologies were identified and described. Data describing the capabilities and limitations of these systems are also provided.

scholarly journals Overview: Tropospheric profiling: state of the art and future challenges – introduction to the AMT special issue

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2981-2986 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cimini ◽  
V. Rizi ◽  
P. Di Girolamo ◽  
F. S. Marzano ◽  
A. Macke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Symposium ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Atmospheric Measurement

Abstract. This paper introduces the Atmospheric Measurement Techniques special issue on tropospheric profiling, which was conceived to host full papers presenting the results shown at the 9th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling (ISTP9). ISTP9 was held in L'Aquila (Italy) from 3 to 7 September 2012, bringing together 150 scientists representing of 28 countries and 3 continents. The tropospheric profiling special issue collects the highlights of ISTP9, reporting recent advances and future challenges in research and technology development.

Single-Phase Heat Transfer in Micro-Tubes: A Critical Review

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandramoulee Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Rahul P. Rao ◽  
Afshin J. Ghajar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
Gaseous Flows ◽  
Effect Of Surface

This review paper specifically concentrates on heat transfer in micro-tubes and eleven experiments (on liquid flow) and two experiments (on gaseous flow) from 1991 to 2007 are reviewed critically with respect to measurement techniques, instrumentation; and factors like surface roughness and diameter that may play an important role at these small scales. Moreover, a comprehensive list of numerical and analytical results (for both liquid and gaseous flows) is presented in this paper. Interestingly, the effect of surface roughness on heat transfer does not seem to have been investigated thoroughly, as it has been observed to play a key role in influencing heat transfer at small diameters. The state-of-art review thus provides the contemporary experimenters in the field of mini-micro channel heat transfer, this tabulated data that can be used to understand how the different parameters affect the heat transfer in these small scales and a data-bank to validate future numerical and experimental work. The present study identifies the various factors that have contributed in the disparity of results found in the literature and finds that there is a need to investigate certain issues like the effects of roughness, diameter, and secondary flow due to buoyancy on heat transfer and transition. Moreover, it was observed that the start and end of the transition region at these small diameters are not validated by the any of the existing macro-scale correlations.

scholarly journals The Understanding of Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ranjan Kumar Mishra ◽  
G. Y. Sandesh Reddy ◽  
Himanshu Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Visual Object Recognition ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Computer Based

Deep learning is a computer-based modeling approach, which is made up of many processing layers that are used to understand the representation of data with several levels of abstraction. This review paper presents the state of the art in deep learning to highlight the major challenges and contributions in computer vision. This work mainly gives an overview of the current understanding of deep learning and their approaches in solving traditional artificial intelligence problems. These computational models enhanced its application in object detection, visual object recognition, speech recognition, face recognition, vision for driverless cars, virtual assistants, and many other fields such as genomics and drug discovery. Finally, this paper also showcases the current developments and challenges in training deep neural network.

scholarly journals Preface to the April 2018 Issue including selected works from CIbSE 2017 and LACLO 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor Cancela ◽  
Isabel Brito ◽  
Luca Cernuzzi ◽  
Marcela Genero ◽  
Jesús García Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Software Engineering ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Learning Objects ◽  
The State ◽  
San Jose

This issue of the CLEIej consists of three main parts: i) a review paper on the state of the art of how contextual information extracted from a user task can help to improve searches for contents relevant to this task; ii) extended and revised versions of Selected Papers (which correspond to the second and third best paper from each track) presented at the XX Ibero-American Conference on Software Engineering (CIbSE 2017), which took place in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in May 2017; and, iii) extended and revised versions of selected papers from LACLO 2016, the XI Latin American Conference on Learning Objects and Technology, which took place in San José, Costa Rica, in October 2016.

scholarly journals Tunnel Squeezing Deformation Control and the Use of Yielding Elements in Shotcrete Linings: A Review

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Xiaomeng Zheng ◽  
Kui Wu ◽  
Zhushan Shao ◽  
Bo Yuan ◽  
Nannan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Squeezing Ground ◽  
Deformation Control ◽  
Development History ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Supporting Effect ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Shotcrete Lining

Shotcrete lining shows high resistance but extremely low deformability. The utilization of yielding elements in shotcrete lining, which leads to the so-called ductile lining, provides a good solution to cope with tunnel squeezing deformations. Although ductile lining exhibits great advantages regarding tunnel squeezing deformation control, little information has been comprehensively and systematically available for its mechanism and design. This is a review paper for the purpose of summarizing the development history and discussing the state of the art of ductile lining. It begins by providing a brief introduction of ductile lining and an explanation of the importance of studying this issue. A following summary of supporting mechanism and benefits of ductile lining used in tunnels excavated in squeezing ground conditions is provided. Then, it summarizes the four main types of yielding elements applied in shotcrete lining and introduces their basic structures and mechanical performances. The influences of parameters of yielding elements on the supporting effect are discussed and the design methods for ductile lining are reviewed as well. Furthermore, recommendations for further research in ductile lining are proposed. Finally, a brief summary is presented.

scholarly journals Review of single clustering methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Nurshazwani Muhamad Mahfuz ◽  
Marina Yusoff ◽  
Zakiah Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Data Analytics ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Optimal Result ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Noise Data ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Real World Problems

<div style="’text-align: justify;">Clustering provides a prime important role as an unsupervised learning method in data analytics to assist many real-world problems such as image segmentation, object recognition or information retrieval. It is often an issue of difficulty for traditional clustering technique due to non-optimal result exist because of the presence of outliers and noise data.  This review paper provides a review of single clustering methods that were applied in various domains.  The aim is to see the potential suitable applications and aspect of improvement of the methods. Three categories of single clustering methods were suggested, and it would be beneficial to the researcher to see the clustering aspects as well as to determine the requirement for clustering method for an employment based on the state of the art of the previous research findings.</div>

scholarly journals A Review of PZT Patches Applications in Submerged Systems

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Presas ◽  
Yongyao Luo ◽  
Zhengwei Wang ◽  
David Valentin ◽  
Mònica Egusquiza
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Vibration Control ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Working Medium ◽  
Mechanical And Structural Properties

Submerged systems are found in many engineering, biological, and medicinal applications. For such systems, due to the particular environmental conditions and working medium, the research on the mechanical and structural properties at every scale (from macroscopic to nanoscopic), and the control of the system dynamics and induced effects become very difficult tasks. For such purposes in submerged systems, piezoelectric patches (PZTp), which are light, small and economic, have been proved to be a very good solution. PZTp have been recently used as sensors/actuators for applications such as modal analysis, active sound and vibration control, energy harvesting and atomic force microscopes in submerged systems. As a consequence, in these applications, newly developed transducers based on PZTp have become the most used ones, which has improved the state of the art and methods used in these fields. This review paper carefully analyzes and summarizes these applications particularized to submerged structures and shows the most relevant results and findings, which have been obtained thanks to the use of PZTp.

A Global Survey of Geospace Electrons with eVlasiator: First Results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markku Alho ◽  
Markus Battarbee ◽  
Yann Pfau-Kempf ◽  
Urs Ganse ◽  
Lucile Turc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Electron Distribution ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Electron Precipitation ◽  
Gas Dynamic ◽  
First Results

&lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;Models of the&amp;#160;geospace&amp;#160;plasma environment have been proceeding towards more realistic descriptions of the solar wind&amp;#8212;magnetosphere interaction, from gas-dynamic to MHD and hybrid ion-kinetic models such as the state-of-the-art&amp;#160;Vlasiator&amp;#160;model.&amp;#160;Advances in computational capabilities have enabled global&amp;#160;simulations of detailed physics, but the electron scale has so far been out of reach in a truly global setting.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;In this work we present results from eVlasiator, an offshoot of the Vlasiator model, showing first results from a global 2D+3V kinetic electron geospace simulation. Despite truncation of some electron physics and use of ion-scale spatial resolution, we show that realistic electron distribution functions are obtainable within the magnetosphere and describe these in relation to MMS observations. Electron precipitation to the upper atmosphere from these velocity distributions is estimated.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Optical Analysis of Solar Concentrators Using Photogrammetry Process

2017 ◽  
pp. 175-201
Author(s):  
Safa Skouri ◽  
Salwa Bouadila
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Geometric Errors ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Optical Analysis ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
Solar Concentrators ◽  
Displacement Error ◽  
Slope Error

As the optical efficiency of solar concentrators has a high impact on its thermal performance. However a qualification method determining the geometrical accuracy of a solar concentrator system is necessary. The purpose of this chapter is to gives an optical analysis of solar concentrator with an imaging process in order to improve the thermal efficiency of the solar concentrator. In this order measurement techniques used to determine geometric errors of the solar concentrating system have been described. Intercept factor, slope error and displacement error have been identified and analyzed. Examples of the intercept factor for concentrator reflector along with optical efficiency has been developed and determined related to the experimental results given by photogrammetry measurement technique.

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