scholarly journals Typology and characterization of goat milk production systems in the Cariris Paraibanos

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Germano Costa ◽  
Hélio Luiz Beretta Dal Monte ◽  
Edgard Cavalcanti Pimenta Filho ◽  
Evandro Vasconcelos Holanda Júnior ◽  
George Rodrigo Beltrão da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
System 1

This work was aimed to identify the typology and the characteristics of the goat milk production systems. Seventy rural properties were researched. Multivariate data analysis with cluster formation techinique was used, and also the identification of five different groups of production systems. The production systems were classified through technical and economical efficiency, ranking groups 1 and 2 as high technological level, groups 3 and 4 as medium level, and the group 5 as low level. The high technological level systems used practices of more rational handling with larger technological employment becoming better specialized. These systems present the largest revenues of milk and unitary net profit. Medium technological production systems adopt technological recommendations and look for alternatives of handling practices. Production system 1 adopts intensive sanitary practices for the farmyard facilities and stables, but this does not happen in the production system 2. Vermifuge is applied three times a year in system 1 while in the system 2 it is applied twice a year. The producers of the systems 1 and 2 obtain more financial resources through official credit lines, and the producers of the group 2 are more punctual on the pay off deadlines.

scholarly journals Milk Production, Body Weight, Body Condition Score, Activity, and Rumination of Organic Dairy Cattle Grazing Two Different Pasture Systems Incorporating Cool- and Warm-Season Forages

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Ritz ◽  
Bradley J. Heins ◽  
Roger D. Moon ◽  
Craig C. Sheaffer ◽  
Sharon L. Weyers
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Organic Dairy ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
System 2 ◽  
System 1

Organic dairy cows were used to evaluate the effect of two organic pasture production systems (temperate grass species and warm-season annual grasses and cool-season annuals compared with temperate grasses only) across two grazing seasons (May to October of 2014 and 2015) on milk production, milk components (fat, protein, milk urea nitrogen (MUN), somatic cell score (SCS)), body weight, body condition score (BCS), and activity and rumination (min/day). Cows were assigned to two pasture systems across the grazing season at an organic research dairy in Morris, Minnesota. Pasture System 1 was cool-season perennials (CSP) and Pasture System 2 was a combination of System 1 and warm-season grasses and cool-season annuals. System 1 and System 2 cows had similar milk production (14.7 and 14.8 kg d−1), fat percentage (3.92% vs. 3.80%), protein percentage (3.21% vs. 3.17%), MUN (12.5 and 11.5 mg dL−1), and SCS (4.05 and 4.07), respectively. Cows in System 1 had greater daily rumination (530 min/day) compared to cows in System 2 (470 min/day). In summary, warm-season annual grasses may be incorporated into grazing systems for pastured dairy cattle.

Optimizing a beef production system using specialized sire and dam lines

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tang ◽  
J. Stewart-Smith ◽  
G. Plastow ◽  
S. Moore ◽  
J. Basarab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Production System ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
System 1

Tang, G., Stewart-Smith, J., Plastow, G., Moore, S., Basarab, J., MacNeil, M. D. and Wang, Z. 2011. Optimizing a beef production system using specialized sire and dam lines. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 353–361. Crossbreeding is an effective method for improving the efficiency of production in commercial cow-calf operations. It exploits available heterosis (hybrid vigour) and complementarity between different breeds or populations (lines). Before adopting a crossbreeding system, commercial cattle producers should evaluate available genetic resources and feasible crossbreeding systems, and choose one that is most beneficial for their own environment, resources, and management. This study compared profitability of alternative crossbreeding systems based on Beefbooster beef cattle breeding strains through computer simulation. Biological and economic data were collected from commercial customers of Beefbooster in Montana and western Canada, and breeding records from the database of Beefbooster, Inc. Three maternal strains (M1, M2 and M4) and two specialized paternal strains (M3 and TX), were evaluated with two simulated crossbreeding systems. System 1 uses a rotational cross between M1 and M4 with yearling crossbred heifers bred to M3 sires. System 2 is based on a three-strain rotation of M1, M2 and M4 with yearling crossbred heifers bred to M3 to facilitate ease of calving and crossbred cows bred to a classical terminal sire strain TX. Simulated base profit from system 2 was $29.57 greater ($215.21 vs. $185.64 yr−1 per cow) than from system 1.

Application of Production Systems Analysis to Determine Completion Sensitivity on Gas Well Production

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mach ◽  
E. A. Proano ◽  
K. E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Well Production ◽  
Controlling Parameter ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Gravel Pack

A completely new approach is presented to show the effect of completion parameters on high volume gas wells typical of the Gulf Coast. The solution can be summarized in graphical form and it will consider the following sections of the total producing system: 1) flow in the porous media, 2) effect of completion, and 3) flow conduit performance. The result is that the controlling parameter in the total production system can be determined. Many wells are capable of producing very high rates but are restricted due to very restricted gravel pack parameters, while wells with very efficient gravel pack completions are tubing-dominated. The procedure presented approaches the completion sensitivity analysis from a complete production system concept.

Optimising a crossbreeding production system using three specialised imported swine breeds in south-western China

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqing Tang ◽  
Ruifei Yang ◽  
Jia Xue ◽  
Tianfei Liu ◽  
Zhiyao Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Western China ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Cross System

Crossbreeding is an effective method for improving the efficiency and profit of production in pig commercial operations. It exploits available heterosis and combines breed differences for specific characteristics. Before application of a crossbreeding system, commercial swine producers should evaluate available crossbreeding systems using existing swine breeds, and choose one that is most beneficial for their own environment, resources, and management. In this study, the latest biological and economic data were collected from commercial producers in south-western China. Three imported swine breeds (Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire) were evaluated with three simulated crossbreeding systems. System 1 used a three-breed terminal cross with Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire). System 2 was based on a three-breed rotational cross of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire. System 3 was a combined cross system with Duroc × (Landrace, Yorkshire) three-breed rotaterminal. System 1 was predicted to be the most beneficial system (￥3895.15/sow), followed by system 3 (￥3749.02/sow), and then system 2 (￥3317.33/sow). Results of this study suggested that three-breed terminal cross or rotaterminal cross should maximise effective use of heterosis and breed complementarity of three imported breeds in south-western China. Also, the relative economic values of objective traits for these systems were updated using the most up-to-date biological and economic parameters.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Kenya Alpine Dairy Goat Milk Production in Nyeri Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mburu Monica ◽  
Mugendi Beatrice ◽  
Makhoka Anselimo ◽  
Muhoho Simon
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>In Kenya use of exotic dairy goats in breeding programmes for smallholder production systems has become popular, but information on the milk production is scarce. A study was carried out to assess the milk yield of dairy goats reared in high potential and semi arid areas of Nyeri County. This involved 190 smallholder farmers rearing Alphine dairy goats in Nyeri County and registered with Dairy Goat association of Kenya (DGAK). Which formed 100% sampling of the population under study. The grade, feeding practices and age of the dairy goats were evaluated. The dairy goat average milk production was 1.90 litres per day, with the appendix grade in Kieni East giving the highest production of 2.69 liters per day while foundation grade in Mukurweini gave the lowest, 0.98 litres per day. The higher milk production in Kieni East, which is a semi arid area, was noted to be due to good feeding practices where 43% of the farmers used concentrates during milking and also 48% supplemented the feed with minerals. In the high potential area of Mukurweini none of the farmers used mineral supplements with only 5% using concentrates during milking. The age of the dam significantly affected the average milk production, with the onset of production being the age of 2.0 years, reaching the peak at the age of 6.5 years. Kieni East, gave the highest production of 4.2 litres at the age of 6 years. The results demonstrated that the low-input farming conditions affected the Alphine goats milk production.</p>

scholarly journals Energy flow in castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) production systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson Nunes da Silva ◽  
Thiago Libório Romanelli ◽  
Klaus Reichardt
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
System 2 ◽  
System 1

Although energy analysis is a way to evaluate the sustainability of production systems, this practice is not often used in the agribusiness. In this context, the castor bean (Ricinus communis L) is an agricultural crop not yet well studied despite its great potential in the Brazilian energetic scenario. This article aimed to evaluate the productive potential of the castor bean oil, using an energetic view applied to two management systems: low (System 1) and medium (System 2) technologies. The quantification of the used material fluxes was made converting these factors in energy units. The input energy fluxes were 3,170.6 MJ ha¹ and 10,366.0 MJ ha¹ for Systems 1 and 2, respectively. The energy balance of System 1 was 11,938.2 MJ ha¹ and that of System 2 16,296.5 MJ ha¹. The net energetic gain or the energy gain over the invested energy (EROI) of System 1 was 3.8 and of System 2, 2.6. Although presenting a greater energy demand and a lower EROI, System 2 had a greater energy balance, demonstrating a better viability of this cultivation system for the production of castor bean oil.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of goat's milk obtained under different production systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Kyozaire ◽  
C.M. Veary ◽  
I-M. Petzer ◽  
E.F. Donkin
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milking Machine

In order to determine the safety of milk produced by smallholder dairy goat farms, a farm-based research study was conducted on commercial dairy goat farms to compare the microbiological quality of milk produced using 3 different types of dairy goat production systems (intensive, semi-intensive and extensive). A survey of dairy goat farms in and around Pretoria carried out by means of a questionnaire revealed that most of the smallholder dairy goat farms surveyed used an extensive type of production system. The method of milking varied with the type of production system, i.e. machine milking; bucket system machine milking and hand-milking, respectively. Udder half milk samples (n=270) were analysed, of which 31.1 % were infected with bacteria. The lowest intra-mammary infection was found amongst goats in the herd under the extensive system (13.3 %), compared with 43.3 % and 36.7 % infection rates under the intensive and semi-intensive production systems, respectively. Staphylococcus intermedius (coagulase positive), Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus simulans (both coagulase negative), were the most common cause of intramammary infection with a prevalence of 85.7 % of the infected udder halves. The remaining 14.3 % of the infection was due to Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteriology of bulk milk samples on the other hand, showed that raw milk obtained by the bucket system milking machine had the lowest total bacterial count (16 450 colony forming units (CFU)/mℓ) compared to that by pipeline milking machine (36 300 CFU/mℓ) or handmilking (48 000 CFU/mℓ). No significant relationship was found between the somatic cell counts (SCC) and presence of bacterial infection in goat milk. In comparison with the herds under the other 2 production systems, it was shown that dairy goat farming under the extensive production system, where hand-milking was used, can be adequate for the production of safe raw goat milk.

scholarly journals Bioeconomic Simulation of the Cash Flow of Rural Beef Cattle Properties with Productive, Reproductive, and Sanitary Activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Yuri Braga de Shiguer Yamasaki ◽  
Ricardo Carneiro Brumatti ◽  
Alberto De Oliveira Gaspar ◽  
Brenda Faria da Costa Leite ◽  
Rosiane Araujo Rodrigues Nass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Extensive System ◽  
System 2 ◽  
The Cost ◽  
System 1 ◽  
Intensive System

This simulation study compares the technical-economic efficiency and cash flow of pasture recovery and maintenance activities, as well as improvements in mortality rate and birth rate, in different beef production systems. Three production systems were elaborated for the Cerrado biome, characterized as extensive, semi-intensive 1, and semi-intensive 2, with respective annual pasture recovery and maintenance rates of 0% and 25% for the extensive system, 5% and 25% for semi-intensive system 1, and 7% and 33% for semi-intensive system 2. Mortality rates at weaning are 6% for the extensive system and 3% for semi-intensive systems 1 and 2. The extensive system's gross profit was lower at US$ 40471.00, followed by US$ 41830.00 and US$ 148669.00 for semi-intensive systems 1 and 2, respectively. Cash flow differences point to increases in the cost of forage and other nutritional inputs in semi-intensive systems 1 and 2. Economic efficiency was observed with intensification, showing that the production costs of intensive systems increased, but that these were more profitable than the extensive system with cash balance values of: extensive system US$ 323.149; semi-intensive system 1 US$ 405.740, semi-intensive system 2 US$ 1213.224. Expenditure on pasture recovery and maintenance was high, but led to an increase in profitability; similarly, the improvement of mortality rates in semi-intensive systems 1 and 2 facilitated the economic viability of these systems.

scholarly journals Ergonomic intervention combined with an occupational and organizational psychology and sociology perspectives in production systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 305 ◽  
pp. 00031
Author(s):  
Paula Nicoleta Neag ◽  
Larisa Ivascu ◽  
Anca Mocan ◽  
Anca Draghici
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Lean Production ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Efficiency And Effectiveness ◽  
Upper Limb Movements ◽  
System 2

The paper describes a propose interdisciplinary approach for improving working conditions in production systems. The proposed approach has been customized and apply in the case of a lean production system in order to demonstrate its efficiency and effectiveness. The research approach and its associated methodology consists of three stages: (1) a qualitative research using the Grounded Theory, which provide a theoretical model on the the employees behavior within the analyzed lean production system; (2) a quantitative research, survey based on a designed questionnaire, for the investigation of the motivation – satisfaction relation; (3) a quantitative research for the ergonomic risk assessment associated with repetitive upper limb movements (that are dominant in the case of the assembly line that has been studied) using the OCRA method for the improvement of the workers stress. The research results contribute to the knowledge development and to the the diminishing of the occupational hazards and generating workplace wellbeing.

scholarly journals Productivity, Profitability and Nitrogen Utilisation Efficiency of Two Pasture-Based Milk Production Systems Differing in the Milking Frequency and Feeding Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2098
Author(s):  
Martín Correa-Luna ◽  
Daniel Donaghy ◽  
Peter Kemp ◽  
Laurence Shalloo ◽  
Elodie Ruelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Milking Frequency ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency

The aim of this study was to model the productivity, profitability and the nitrogen (N) utilisation efficiency (NUE) of two spring-calving pasture-based milk production systems differing in milking frequency and intensification levels in New Zealand. For this purpose, physical performance data from a low-intensity production system where cows were milked once per day (OAD-LI) and from a high-intensity production system where cows were milked twice per day (TAD-HI) were employed. OAD-LI cows were milked once-daily with a stocking rate (SR) of 2.1 cows/ha and fed diets with low supplementation (304 kg pasture silage/cow) with applications of 134 kg N fertiliser/ha and TAD-HI cows were milked twice-daily with a SR of 2.8 cows/ha and fed diets of higher supplementation (429 kg pasture silage and 1695 kg concentrate/cow) with applications of 87 kg N fertiliser/ha. The Moorepark Dairy System Model was used to evaluate production, economic performance and N balance on an annual basis. Despite the higher feed costs of TAD-HI as more supplementation was utilised, profitability per hectare was 16% higher because more cows were milked with a higher milk yield per cow (milking frequency) when compared to OAD-LI. At the cow level, the NUE was higher in TAD-HI (30% vs. 27%) reflecting the better balanced diet for energy and crude protein and higher milk yields as a result of milking frequency. At the farm scale the NUE was higher (38% vs. 26%) in the TAD-HI due to the losses associated with the imported feed being excluded and higher N captured in milk. These results suggest that milking frequency, the use of feed supplementation and application of N fertiliser as management tools on grazing dairy systems affect productivity, profitability and N balance. Further studies are required to find optimal stocking rates in combination with the use of supplementary feed and N fertiliser application that maximize milk production and profitability for OAD and TAD milking production systems but minimize N losses.

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