scholarly journals N sources affect growth, nutrient content, and net photosynthesis in maté (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Gaiad ◽  
Miroslava Rakocevic ◽  
Carlos Bruno Reissmann
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
N Content ◽  
N Sources

The influence of different N sources on the growth of maté (Ilex paragurariensis St.Hil.) seedlings grown in greenhouse was studied. All seedlings received a base fertilization of 10 mg N.kg-1 soil as NH4NO3, 60 mg P2O5.and 40 mg K2O.kg-1 soil as KH2PO4 15 days before treatments application. Treatments were as follow: Control, with no extra N added; Urea = 100 mg N.kg-1 soil as Urea; NO3- = 100 mg N.kg-1 soil as Ca(NO3)2; and NH4+ = 100 mg N.kg-1 soil as (NH4)2SO4. It was concluded that: 1) increasing N content in leaves alone was not able to promote gain in biomass production of maté seedlings; 2) seedlings receiving N-NH4 showed a higher accumulation of P and Mg on shoot biomass; and 3) an increase in leaf area, leaf number and net photosynthesis observed at the N-NH4 treatment was coincident with an increasing absorption of P and Mg.

scholarly journals Determinants of Shoot Biomass Production in Mulberry: Combined Selection with Leaf Morphological and Physiological Traits

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Cao ◽  
Qiudi Shen ◽  
Chunqiong Shang ◽  
Honglei Yang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Total Nitrogen Concentration

Physiological and morphological traits have a considerable impact on the biomass production of fast-growing trees. To compare cultivar difference in shoot biomass and investigate its relationships with leaf functional traits in mulberry, agronomic traits and 20 physiological and morphological attributes of 3-year-old mulberry trees from eight cultivars growing in a common garden were analyzed. The cultivars Xiang7920, Yu711, and Yunsang2 had higher shoot fresh biomass (SFB), which was closely associated with their rapid leaf expansion rate, large leaf area, and high stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C). Conversely, the cultivars 7307, Husang32, Wupu, Yunguo1, and Liaolu11 were less productive, and this was primarily the result of slower leaf expansion and smaller leaf size. Growth performance was negatively correlated with leaf δ13C and positively correlated with the total nitrogen concentration, indicating that a compromise exists in mulberry between water use efficiency (WUE) (low δ13C) and high nitrogen consumption for rapid growth. Several morphological traits, including the maximum leaf area (LAmax), leaf width and length, petiole width and length, leaf number per shoot, and final shoot height were correlated with SFB. The physiological traits that were also influential factors of shoot biomass were the leaf δ13C, the total nitrogen concentration, and the water content. Among the studied leaf traits, LAmax, leaf δ13C, and concentrations of chlorophyll a and b were identified as the most representative predictor variables for SFB, accounting for 73% of the variability in SFB. In conclusion, a combination of LAmax, leaf δ13C, and chlorophyll should be considered in selection programs for high-yield mulberry cultivars.

scholarly journals Response of hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana L.) to UV-B radiation

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Stokłosa ◽  
Hamid Madani ◽  
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Stalk Length ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Relative Chlorophyll Content

This greenhouse experiment evaluated the response of hoary alyssum plants, up to the rosette phase, to different levels of UV-B radiation. The experiment was carried out in the chambers, equipped with UV-B lamps, emitting biologically effective UV-B radiation of 0 (control), 4, 6 or 8 kJ. As a result, specific traits of the plants such as: leaf number, lamina length, leaf area, specific leaf weight, relative chlorophyll content and shoot biomass were unaffected by any of the UV-B treatments. Significant reductions in the share of large leaves, leaf stalk length and root biomass were noted for plants growing under 8 kJ UV-B<sub>BE</sub>.

scholarly journals Species Specific Responses to Age on Nodule Formation, Seedling Growth, and Biomass Production of Acacia auriculiformis at Nursery Stage

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Salim Azad ◽  
Md. Mehedi Hasan Sumon
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Nodule Number ◽  
Seedling Leaf

Nodulation responses of leguminous trees are very important for intercropping to reduce reliance on artificial nitrogen input through nitrogen fixation in agroforestry system. This study was carried out to evaluate the status of nodulation (i.e., the number of nodules and their shape and size) in root and biomass production of plant growth parameters (i.e., number of leaves, shoot height, root biomass, and shoot biomass) of A. auriculiformis seedlings. The assessment was conducted 60 days after seed germination. The study revealed significant differences in nodule number per seedling, leaf number per seedling, shoot height, and biomass accumulation (both green and oven dry weight) with seedling age (p<0.05). The study also revealed significant correlation among the variables of nodulation responses and biomass production. The results obtained using principal component analysis (PCA) justified correlation matrix of nodulation responses and biomass production of this species. The PCA showed that root biomass per seedling, leaf number per seedling, nodule number per seedling, shoot height, age of seedling, and shoot biomass per seedling were clustered with PC1 (with an eigenvalue of 5.59) and root shoot ratios were clustered with PC2 (with an eigenvalue of 1.82). Our study justified that shoot height may be an important determinant of nodule formation of A. auriculiformis.

Growth of Lotus creticus creticus and Cynodon dactylon under two levels of irrigation

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. R. Vignolio ◽  
C. Biel ◽  
F. de Herralde ◽  
J. P. L. Araújo-Alves ◽  
R. Savé
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Hydraulic Resistance ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Weight Ratio ◽  
Green Leaf Area

Soils with scarce plant covering are very susceptible to water and wind erosion. Two species recommended for permanent cover of soil are Lotus creticus creticus and Cynodon dactylon. The performance of both species cultivated in pure stands and in mixture and with 2 watering regimes, high (12.64 L/bag) and low (8.36�L/bag), was analysed in polyethylene bags between March and July in greenhouse conditions. With low watering the growth of both species was lower but mortality of plants was not observed. Growth of stems in L.�creticus and stolons in C. dactylon did not stop with low watering. The growth of C. dactylon was higher than that of L. creticus at both watering regimes. Total root and green shoot biomass of each species was affected by watering. Green leaf area, root weight ratio, root hydraulic resistance, and watering efficiency (g biomass/L watering) differed with the combination of species. Green leaf area, root hydraulic resistance, and watering efficiency were higher in C. dactylon than in L. creticus. Root weight ratio was higher in L. creticus than in C. dactylon, but the specific length and area of roots were higher in C. dactylon than in L. creticus. Net photosynthesis rate of each species was only affected by watering regime. Performance of both species was not affected by the mixture and it has the potential to be a successful ground cover.

Functional traits of tree saplings and adults in a tropical cloud forest restoration context

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Guadalupe Williams-Linera ◽  
Avril Manrique-Ascencio
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Functional Traits ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Restoration ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
N Content

Background: The use of tree species’ functional traits is a promising approach in forest restoration. However, some traits may change during ontogeny. Questions: Does intraspecific variation in functional traits occur between sapling and adult stages? Do groups of species can be delimited based on functional traits regardless of their ontogenetic stage? Study sites and dates: Cloud forest restoration, Veracruz, Mexico, 2016. Methods: Saplings and adults of eight native tree species in different age plantations were measured for leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), stomatal density (SD), foliar nutrient content (C, N, P) and relative growth rate (RGR). Wood density (WD) was measured for adults. Data were analyzed using linear mixed models and principal component analysis (PCA). Results: Overall, SLA was higher in saplings than in adults. A few species showed intraspecific variation for LA (three species), SD (three) and foliar N content (one). Species with high WD (Quercus spp.) and intermediate WD (e.g. Liquidambar styraciflua) tended to have lower LA and SLA, and higher SD. Species with low WD (e.g. Heliocarpus donnellsmithii) had high SLA, RGR, and N content. PCA highlighted that saplings and adults of a same species were close to each other within the ordination space.  Conclusions: Intraspecific variation between saplings and adults was small for most traits (except SLA) in comparison to differences across species. Therefore species trait values (measured in individuals of any age) could be a useful tool to characterize groups of species during the forest restoration trajectory.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Recycled Biogas Digestates as Phosphorus Fertilizers for Maize

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Inga-Mareike Bach ◽  
Lisa Essich ◽  
Torsten Müller
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizers ◽  
Future Supply ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Phosphorus Recycling ◽  
Fertilizing Effect

Despite phosphorus resources on Earth being limited, over fertilization in many agricultural situations causes significant resource consumption. Phosphorus-recycling within agricultural production can reduce global dilution into the environment and is thus essential to secure sustainable future supply. This study investigated the fertilization efficacy of phosphorus fertilizers recycled from biogas digestates in maize shoots grown under controlled greenhouse conditions, in two soils, in a pot experiment. Variables investigated were plant-available phosphorus in soil, plant biomass production, and concentration of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium in shoots. Soils were treated with three different fertilizer fractions, separated from biogas digestates, at equivalent phosphorus concentrations, using different combinations and application techniques, isolated or in combination, and compared to triple superphosphate (TSP) as a reference. One of the fractions (P-Salt) had effects on biomass production and plant phosphorus concentration equivalent to TSP in agricultural surface soil. In the second soil (with less active soil life and nutrient content), equivalence to TSP was achieved with combinations of two recycled fractions (P-Salt and dried solids). The enhancement of the phosphorus fertilizing effect by the solids was synergistic, indicating that the solids had a soil conditioning effect. The results show that biogas digestates are a valuable source for phosphorus recycling of fractions that have equivalent or even superior fertilizing properties compared to TSP.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Image-Based Phenotyping Methods for Measuring Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) Growth and Nitrogen Nutritional Status under Greenhouse and Field Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Frossard ◽  
Frank Liebisch ◽  
Valérie Kouamé Hgaza ◽  
Delwendé Innocent Kiba ◽  
Norbert Kirchgessner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Image Pixels ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Yield Formation

New management practices must be developed to improve yam productivity. By allowing non-destructive analyses of important plant traits, image-based phenotyping techniques could help developing such practices. Our objective was to determine the potential of image-based phenotyping methods to assess traits relevant for tuber yield formation in yam grown in the glasshouse and in the field. We took plant and leaf pictures with consumer cameras. We used the numbers of image pixels to derive the shoot biomass and the total leaf surface and calculated the ‘triangular greenness index’ (TGI) which is an indicator of the leaf chlorophyll content. Under glasshouse conditions, the number of pixels obtained from nadir view (view from the top) was positively correlated to shoot biomass, and total leaf surface, while the TGI was negatively correlated to the SPAD values and nitrogen (N) content of diagnostic leaves. Pictures taken from nadir view in the field showed an increase in soil surface cover and a decrease in TGI with time. TGI was negatively correlated to SPAD values measured on diagnostic leaves but was not correlated to leaf N content. In conclusion, these phenotyping techniques deliver relevant results but need to be further developed and validated for application in yam.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Nitrogen and Sulfur Nutrition on Growth, Development, and Physiology of Brassica carinata A. Braun and Brassica napus L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7355
Author(s):  
Shivendra Kumar ◽  
Ramdeo Seepaul ◽  
Ian M. Small ◽  
Sheeja George ◽  
George Kelly O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Erucic Acid Content ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Node Number ◽  
S 100

Brassica carinata (carinata) has emerged as a potential biofuel source due to its high erucic acid content, making it desirable for various industrial applications. Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are required as primary sources of nutrition for growth and development in different oilseed crops and their utilization is interdependent. The purpose of the study was to analyze the interactive effect of N and S nutrition on the growth and other physiological activities of carinata and B. napus (napus). Four treatments, i.e., optimum NS (+N+S, 100% N and 100% S); N limited (−N+S, 0% N, 100% S); S limited (+N−S, 100% N, 0% S), and NS limited (−N−S, 0% N and 0% S) of N and S in full-strength Hoagland solution were imposed in the current study. Effect of different NS treatments was observed on vegetative traits such as number of primary and secondary branches, total leaf area, total biomass production and allocation, and physiological traits such as production of photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthesis, electron transport, and other aspects for both carinata and napus. The traits of stem elongation, number of nodes, node addition rate, internode length, number of primary and secondary branches were 60%, 36%, 50%, 35%, 56%, and 83% lower, respectively, in napus in comparison to carinata. Different NS treatments also positively influenced the production of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll (Chl) a and b and carotenoids in carinata and napus. The concentration of Chla was 11% higher in napus in comparison to carinata. The rate of net photosynthesis, electron transport, and fluorescence was 12%, 8%, and 5% higher based on overall value, respectively, in napus compared to carinata. On the other hand, the overall value for stomatal conductance decreased by 5% in napus when compared to carinata. Different growth-related traits such as vegetative (plant height, node number, internode length, leaf area, number of primary and secondary branches), reproductive (pod number, pod length, seeds per pod), and photosynthetic capacity in oilseed brassicas are correlated with the final seed and oil yield and chemical composition which are of economic importance for the adoption of the crop. Thus, the analysis of these traits will help to determine the effect of NS interaction on crop productivity of carinata and napus.

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