scholarly journals An outbreak of winter dysentery caused by bovine coronavirus in a high-production dairy cattle herd from a tropical country

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (spe) ◽  
pp. 57-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete Takiuchi ◽  
Aline Fernandes Barry ◽  
Alice Fernandes Alfieri ◽  
Patrícia Filippsen ◽  
Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Dairy Cattle Herd ◽  
High Production ◽  
Winter Dysentery

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a known cause of winter dysentery (WD) in adult cattle. The morbidity of the disease is high, that results in a significant decrease in milk production and consequently, economic losses. In the present study, we report on a classical outbreak of WD that affected a high-production Holstein dairy herd raised in a tropical country. The lactating batch included 154 cows, and 138 (90%) presented diarrhea in a short (nine days) period of time. Three (2%) cows died. The other batches of animals did not become ill. The evolution of the disease in the herd, including the clinical signs and epidemiological features, strongly suggested a WD case. Semi-nested PCR and RFLP confirmed that BCoV was the cause of the infection. Samples tested negative for all other enteric pathogens. This case report highlights the importance of BCoV in WD even in tropical countries such as Brazil.

scholarly journals Hyperplastic goiter in two adult dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chee Bing Ong ◽  
Thomas H. Herdt ◽  
Scott D. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Iodine Excess ◽  
Excessive Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Glands

Iodine excess and resultant hyperplastic goiter are well documented in neonatal ruminants, but little is reported on iodine excess in adult ruminants and associated histological changes of the thyroid gland. Two adult Holstein cows from a Michigan dairy herd that had lost several other animals had nonspecific clinical signs of illness and were submitted for necropsy. Thyroid glands of one of these 2 animals were grossly and markedly enlarged, and histologically, thyroid glands from both animals had regions of cystic nodular hyperplasia and follicular atrophy. Thyroid glands from both animals had markedly elevated iodine concentrations. Investigation into the potential source of excessive iodine on the farm revealed multiple sources of supplemental dietary iodine and probable uneven feed and mineral mixing. Based on the findings of this investigation, adult cattle could be susceptible to excessive doses of iodine. Possibility of previous iodine deficiency before supplementation period, with subsequent development and persistence of thyroid hyperplasia and cystic change, cannot be completely excluded. Current findings suggested that iodine excess in adult cattle can result in nodular hyperplastic goiter. Use of iodized salt in mineral supplements in adult dairy herds is common practice, and accidental excessive iodine supplement may be more common than reported. Recognizing gross and histological thyroid gland changes, consisting of concurrent cystic follicular hyperplasia, atrophy, and fibrosis should raise suspicion of iodine excess and/or prior deficiency in a cattle herd, and ancillary tests such as serum iodine measurements should be part of the diagnostic workup in suspected cases.

scholarly journals Molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry particularly cattle, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank.Results: The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3% consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Less than 10% of all the animals sampled showed clinical signs such as diarrhea and respiratory distress except for high temperature which occurred in > 1000 of the animals. However, none of the 4 BCoV positive animals manifested any clinical signs of the infection at the time of sample collection. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RdRp genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed with our isolates and those from elsewhere.Conclusion: Given that Ghana predominantly practice the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.

scholarly journals Fatal Interstitial Pneumonia Associated with Bovine Coronavirus in Cows from Southern Italy

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1331
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Amoroso ◽  
Giuseppe Lucifora ◽  
Barbara Degli Uberti ◽  
Francesco Serra ◽  
Giovanna De Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
High Production ◽  
Winter Dysentery

An outbreak of winter dysentery, complicated by severe respiratory syndrome, occurred in January 2020 in a high production dairy cow herd located in a hilly area of the Calabria region. Of the 52 animals belonging to the farm, 5 (9.6%) died with severe respiratory distress, death occurring 3–4 days after the appearance of the respiratory signs (caught and gasping breath). Microbiological analysis revealed absence of pathogenic bacteria whilst Real-time PCR identified the presence of RNA from Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) in several organs: lungs, small intestine (jejunum), mediastinal lymph nodes, liver and placenta. BCoV was therefore hypothesized to play a role in the lethal pulmonary infection. Like the other CoVs, BCoV is able to cause different syndromes. Its role in calf diarrhea and in mild respiratory disease is well known: we report instead the involvement of this virus in a severe and fatal respiratory disorder, with symptoms and disease evolution resembling those of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes (SARS).

scholarly journals Characterization of Winter Dysentery Bovine Coronavirus Isolated from Cattle in Israel

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Dan David ◽  
Nick Storm ◽  
Waksman Ilan ◽  
Asaf Sol
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Local Strains ◽  
Esterase Gene ◽  
Winter Dysentery

Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is the causative agent of winter dysentery (WD). In adult dairy cattle, WD is characterized by hemorrhagic diarrhea and a reduction in milk production. Therefore, WD leads to significant economic losses in dairy farms. In this study, we aimed to isolate and characterize local BCoV strains. BCoV positive samples, collected during 2017–2021, were used to amplify and sequence the S1 domain of S glycoprotein and the full hemagglutinin esterase gene. Based on our molecular analysis, local strains belong to different genetic variants circulating in dairy farms in Israel. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all local strains clustered together and in proximity to other BCoV circulating in the area. Additionally, we found that local strains are genetically distant from the reference enteric strain Mebus. To our knowledge, this is the first report providing molecular data on BCoV circulating in Israel.

scholarly journals Molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Abstract Background: Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry particularly cattle, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank.Results: The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3% consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Less than 10% of all the animals sampled showed clinical signs such as diarrhea and respiratory distress except for high temperature which occurred in > 1000 of the animals. However, none of the 4 BCoV positive animals manifested any clinical signs of the infection at the time of sample collection. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed with our isolates and those from elsewhere.Conclusion: Given that Ghana predominantly practice the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.

scholarly journals Bovine Coronavirus Infection: Pathology and Interspecies Transmission

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Kanno ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Bovine Rotavirus ◽  
Newborn Calves ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Winter Dysentery

Bovine diarrhea is one of the major diseases that cause major economic damage to farmers. There are many kinds of viral diseases that cause diarrhea in cattle. Among them, bovine coronavirus infection and bovine rotavirus infection are known as diseases that frequently occur throughout the world, and whose incidence and numbers of infected cattle are particularly large. Both viruses cause diarrhea in newborn calves, but bovine coronavirus (BCoV), lead to more economic damage because they also cause a type of diarrhea in adult cattle called winter dysentery (WD) and respiratory disease. However, since it is generally difficult to isolate coronaviruses from cultured cells, and these viruses have huge RNAs of about 30kb, research on coronaviruses, including genomic analysis, have not advanced sufficiently to cope with this problem. Recent reports have suggested that BCoV is able to overcome host range barriers with relative ease and even to transmit to humans. It has thus become necessary to consider their significance as zoonosis, even though much about the ecology of BCoV remains unknown. This paper will outline bovine coronavirus infection and describe BCoV characteristics that have been reported so far.

scholarly journals Molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Ghana.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry particularly cattle, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank.Results: The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3% consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Less than 10% of all the animals sampled showed clinical signs such as diarrhea and respiratory distress except for high temperature which occurred in > 1000 of the animals. However, none of the 4 BCoV positive animals manifested any clinical signs of the infection at the time of sample collection. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RdRp genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed with our isolates and those from elsewhere.Conclusion: Given that Ghana predominantly practice the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.

scholarly journals Molecular-based cross-species evaluation of bovine coronavirus infection in cattle, sheep and goats in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitus Burimuah ◽  
Augustina Sylverken ◽  
Michael Owusu ◽  
Philip El-Duah ◽  
Richmond Yeboah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Rdrp Region ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Cattle Rearing

Abstract Background Apart from the huge worldwide economic losses often occasioned by bovine coronavirus (BCoV) to the livestock industry, particularly with respect to cattle rearing, continuous surveillance of the virus in cattle and small ruminants is essential in monitoring variations in the virus that could enhance host switching. In this study, we collected rectal swabs from a total of 1,498 cattle, sheep and goats. BCoV detection was based on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Sanger sequencing of the partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region for postive samples were done and nucleotide sequences were compared with homologous sequences from the GenBank. Results The study reports a BCoV prevalence of 0.3%, consisting of 4 positive cases; 3 goats and 1 cattle. Less than 10% of all the animals sampled showed clinical signs such as diarrhea and respiratory distress except for high temperature which occurred in > 1000 of the animals. However, none of the 4 BCoV positive animals manifested any clinical signs of the infection at the time of sample collection. Bayesian majority-rule cladogram comparing partial and full length BCoV RdRp genes obtained in the study to data from the GenBank revealed that the sequences obtained from this study formed one large monophyletic group with those from different species and countries. The goat sequences were similar to each other and clustered within the same clade. No major variations were thus observed between our isolates and those from elsewhere. Conclusions Given that Ghana predominantly practices the extensive and semi-intensive systems of animal rearing, our study highlights the potential for spillover of BCoV to small ruminants in settings with mixed husbandry and limited separation between species.

scholarly journals Assessment of lipid peroxidation in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis

10.5219/1052 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
František Zigo ◽  
Juraj Elečko ◽  
Milan Vasiľ ◽  
Zuzana Farkašová ◽  
Martina Zigová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Oxidative Products ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
Relationship Of

Mastitis is still one of the major causes of economic losses in dairy sector. The routine application of bacteriologic examination of milk samples is often insufficient and for this reason, alternative parameters are used to identify trends in the development of the udder health. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine the relationship of oxidative product levels, using malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker on occurrence of mastitis and its causing pathogens. Dairy herd of 223 Slovak spotted cattle were tested for etiology and occurrence of mastitis based on assessment of clinical signs, abnormal udder secretions, Californian Mastitis Test (CMT) with subsequent collecting of milk samples for bacteriological examination. From 892 quarter milk samples were selected for MDA detection 51 subclinical (SM) and 26 clinical mastitis (CM) quarters with positive CMT score and positive bacteriological examination of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. as well 40 healthy quarters. Results showed that among the current pathogens of the mammary gland belong CNS, S. aureus, S. sanguinis, S. uberis and E. coli, which were the most frequently isolated from SM and CM. The highest MDA level was observed from clinical cases of mastitis however, increased MDA levels were detectable from subclinical cases. Bacterial isolates from subclinical quarter milk samples are different levels of MDA. In this study, we found that quarter milk samples infected with S. uberis were higher compared to other pathogens. In conclusion, differences in both severity of mastitis and mastitic pathogens were associated with differences of oxidative products in infected udders.

scholarly journals Isolation of bovine coronavirus (BCov) in cell cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Berezenko ◽  
◽  
V. Nedosekov ◽  
O. Godovskiy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Kidney Cell ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Bovine Coronavirus ◽  
The World

One of the most common viruses in the world that causes disease in cattle is the bovine coronavirus (BCoV). This virus is the causative agent of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in newborn calves, resulting in significant economic losses in both dairy and meat farming. Considering the complex epizootic situation with the coronaviruses in the world and partial antigenic affinity of BCoV with coronaviruses of other species of animals and humans, the isolation of new strains of coronaviruses, their identification and optimization of cultivation conditions becomes extremely important and relevant. The aim of our research was to determine the features of methods of isolation of bovine coronavirus and to select methods for its cultivation in cell culture in order to obtain the virus with the highest titers of infectious activity. Isolation of BCoV was performed in monolayers of MDBK and the primary-trypsinized calf kidney culture cells, using 20 samples collected from calves with clinical signs of respiratory or/and gastrointestinal disease. 16 samples were positive for BCoV by means of Real-Time PCR test. Up to fifth serial passage, only 4 of these isolates presented typical syncytial cytopathic effect. It has been experimentally established that the continious calf kidney cell culture line (MDBK) and the primary-trypsinized calf kidney culture (CK) are suitable for BCoV isolation and accumulation. The infectious titer of bovine coronavirus at the level of the fifth passage in the cultures of MDBK and CK cells reached 5.54 ± 0.16 lg TCD50/ml and 5.59 ± 0.14 lg TCD50/ml, respectively. However, due to the high cost of obtaining primary-trypsinized cell cultures, this isolation method may be unacceptable to most pharmaceutical companies and laboratories. Also after 5 serial passages, the viral material was again examined in Real-Time PCR to confirm the isolation of BCoV - the study of 4 samples with a characteristic syncytial CPE had a positive result in Real-Time PCR. However, of the Real-Time PCR-positive 12 samples, the virus could not be isolated in continuous cell cultures of MDBK and Vero, as well as in primary-trypsinized cattle lung and kidney cell cultures. This fact may indicate the presence of different strains of BCoV circulation in farms in our country. Further research is planned to be focused on optimizing the methods and modes of BCoV strains isolation, as well as to identify and study the cultural properties of new strains of BCoV circulating in Ukraine. We will also continue the study of the obtained viral isolate for the subsequent development of tools for the diagnosis and immunoprophylaxis of coronavirus infection in veterinary medicine.

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