Digestibility, rumen kinetics, and blood metabolites in lambs fed Samanea saman and Cordia dentata

Colombian sheep production is carried out in extensive pastures with a low percentage of protein and high fiber levels that lead to low weight gains. The aim of this study was to evaluate intake, digestibility, rumen kinetics, and blood metabolites in hair lambs fed Samanea saman and Cordia dentata. Twelve hair lambs were distributed in an experimental 4x4 Latin square design, with four treatments and four experimental periods. Treatments were T1:100 % Dichanthium spp hay, T2: 80 % Dichanthium spp hay, 20 % S. saman, T3: 80 % Dichanthium spp hay, 20 % C. dentata, T4: 80 % Dichanthium spp hay, 10 % S. saman, and 10 % C. dentata. The highest nutrients intakes were obtained with diets containing tree foliage compared with the T1 diet (p< 0,05). In vivo and In vitro digestibility of DM, OM and, NDF of tree leaves diets showed higher values than the T1 diet (p<0,05). Digestible and metabolizable energy were similar between tree leaves diets (p<0,05). Blood urea nitrogen values were superior for animals fed the T2 diet (p<0,05). Degradability values at 96 hours were higher for the T2 diet (p<0,05). Potential degradability was superior for the T3 diet. The results of this study demonstrate that S. saman and C. dentata leaves improve nutrients intake and digestibility. Therefore, they can be an alternative for sheep in the tropical dry forest.

Download Full-text

Senna spectabilis FRUIT ON HAIR LAMBS FEEDING: DIGESTIBILITY, BLOOD METABOLITES, AND RUMINAL KINETIC

Ciência Animal Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1809-6891v19e-49895 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Danilo Bonilla-Trujillo ◽

Jairo Andrés Pardo-Guzman ◽

Román David Castañeda-Serrano

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Blood Metabolites ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Ruminal Degradability

Abstract In recent years sheep, farming has emerged as an alternative production system especially in dry areas. The use of leaves and fruit from some trees has become an alternative for feeding for ruminants; however, studies on these species are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of S. spectabilis fruit meal on in vivo and in vitro digestibility, blood metabolites, and ruminal kinetics in hair lambs. This study was carried out at Las Brisas farm, University of Tolima - Colombia. Twelve male hair lambs with body weight of 20.3 ± 2.5 kg were used. Animals were distributed in an experimental 4x4 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of diets based on Dichanthium spp hay with different inclusion levels of S. spectabilis fruit meal (15, 30, and 45%). A linear increasing effect (P <0.05) was observed for in vivo and in vitro digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein; likewise, plasma urea and ruminal degradability increased as the level of supplementation of S. spectabilis increased. The meal of S. spectabilis improves digestibility, protein intake, and ruminal kinetics in hair lambs; therefore, it is suggested as a promising alternative for ruminants feeding in dry tropic regions.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of some selected under-utilized tropical seeds as protein sources in ruminants’ diet

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00430-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso ◽

Mary Oluwafunmilayo Adeduntan ◽

Adebowale Noah Fajemisin

Keyword(s):

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Protein Sources ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Supplementary Feed ◽

Monodora Myristica

Abstract Background The study highlighted the potential of three common and under-utilized tropical leguminous seeds (Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica) to be used as supplementary feed to ruminant livestock. These seeds (their plants inclusive) are valuable sources of food and medicine for the prevention of illness and maintenance of human health. The medicinal properties of these seeds include antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immuno-stimulant. Trypsin inhibitors, which are common anti-nutritional factors in legumes and for monogastric animals, do not exert adverse effects in ruminants because they are degraded in the rumen. Hence, the crux of this study is to examine the effect of processing methods on the nutritional composition (proximate, fibre fractions, minerals, anti-nutrients) and in vitro digestibility of Tomentosa nilotica, Dioclea reflexa and Monodora myristica seeds and their suitability as feedstuff (protein sources) in small ruminant feed, particularly during off-season. Results From the results, raw Tomentosa nilotica and Monodora myristica have the highest crude protein (30.35% CP) and fat (22.40% EE), respectively. It is noteworthy that roasting best improve the mineral and significantly reduce the anti-nutrients observed in this study better compared to boiling and soaking methods. The highest organic matter digestibility, short-chain fatty acids, metabolizable energy and in vitro dry matter digestibility values were obtained in Dioclea reflexa compared to other test seeds. Roasting best improved the nutritive values, while Dioclea reflexa seed was rated highest for all the nutritional attributes and in vitro digestibility. Conclusions Dioclea reflexa could be incorporated in ruminants’ diet as protein source, particularly during the off-season, for improved ruminant production in Nigeria. However, in vivo study is therefore recommended to validate this report.

Download Full-text

Effect of crude glycerol on in-vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-99402014000100015 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 172-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Vanessa Peripolli ◽

Ênio Rosa Prates ◽

Júlio Otávio Jardim Barcellos ◽

Cássio André Wilbert ◽

Cláudia Medeiros Camargo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Crude Glycerol ◽

Energy Content ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Ruminal Fermentation

The interest in using crude glycerol in animal feeding has reemerged due to its increasing availability and favorable price resulting from the expansion of biofuel industry. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of substituting corn for crude glycerol at different levels in the diet on ruminal fermentation using in-vitro true digestibility parameters. The experimental treatments consisted of substituting corn for liquid crude glycerol (0; 4; 8 and 12%) in dry matter basis. Diets consisted of 60% alfalfa hay and 40% corn and glycerol substituted the corn in the diet. In addition to the 48 hours traditionally applied in digestibility assays, different in-vitro digestibility times were used (0; 4; 8; 16; 48, 72 and 96 hours) in order to study digestion kinetics. The dietary corn substitution for increasing crude glycerol levels did not affect ammonia nitrogen content, metabolizable energy content, in-vitro digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber, nor ruminal degradation parameters. However this by-product of biodiesel production may be tested in-vivo as an alternative energy feedstuff in ruminant diets.

Download Full-text

The apparent digestibility of Atriplex barclayana and its effect on nitrogen balance in sheep

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100036886 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 259-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. W. Benjamin ◽

E. Oren ◽

E. Katz ◽

K. Becker

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Live Weight ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Energy Concentration ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

The Mean

AbstractAn in vivo digestibility trial was conducted by feeding sheep the leaves, fruits and twigs of Atriplex barclayana in a proportion roughly equivalent to that eaten by sheep grazing freely in Atriplex plantations. Four treatments were imposed on each of four sheep in a 4 × 4 Latin-square experimental design: Atriplex offered alone or with 100, 200 or 300 g/day tapioca meal.The mean apparent digestibility of the Atriplex dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) consumed were 0·59 and 0·56, respectively. Addition of tapioca to the Atriplex in the diet did not improve these digestibility coefficients. The low OM content of 760 g/kg together with its digestibility of 0·56 resulted in the Atriplex having a low metabolizable energy concentration of 6·28 MJ per kg DM. The in vitro apparent DM digestibility of Atriplex was approximately 0·09 higher than the in vivo apparent digestibility.The mean nitrogen concentration of the Atriplex DM was 16·6 g/kg, and its apparent digestibility 0·73, which was not improved by the addition of tapioca to the diet. Nitrogen retention of the sheep eating only Atriplex was proportionately 0·17 of the nitrogen intake. The addition of 300 g tapioca improved nitrogen retention to 0·27 but was not significantly different from the other treatments.Water intake and urine excreted were as high as 14 and 12 I/day respectively, for an Atriplex DM intake of about 1300 g/day. During the experiment the sheep only maintained live weight, despite daily intakes of up to 1200 g Atriplex DM and up to 300 g tapioca.

Download Full-text

Effect of Amylolytic and Cellulolytic Enzymes on Whole Plant Corn Silage: Characteristics of Silage and Animal Digestion

10.21203/rs.3.rs-569714/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

JEFFERSON RODRIGUES GANDRA ◽

Alanne T. Nunes ◽

Euclides R. Oliveira ◽

Mávio S. J. Silva ◽

Cibeli A. Pedrini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Random Effect ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Latin Square ◽

Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Cellulolytic Enzyme

Abstract Enzyme additives have been added to forage at ensiling to improve nutritive value. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of adding exogenous enzymes to silage on fermentative losses and profile, aerobic stability, chemical composition, in vitro degradation, microbial quality, and nutrients intake and digestibility. Treatments were control (CON); addition of exo-1,4-α-glycosidase glucoamylase (GLU; Kerazyme 3035, Kera Nutrição Animal, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil); addition of β-glucan 4-glucanhydrolase (CEL); and GLU + CEL. Data from the silo experiment were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS, with fixed effects of glucoamylase and cellulase, and interaction effect between them. In vivo experiment analyses also included fixed effect of Latin Square and period, and random effect of animal within Latin Square. CEL increased (P ≤ 0.038) gas losses and effluents production, CEL and GLU decreased (P = 0.039) DM recovery compared to control but not differ from GLU+CEL. CEL silage had higher (P ≤ 0.021) starch and crude protein and in vitro digestibility of DM and NDF (P ≤ 0.032), while GLU had higher (P = 0.001) ADF. CEL showed lower (P = 0.012) ethanol content and higher (P = 0.02) anaerobic bacteria counts, while GLU showed higher (P = 0.012) lactate concentration and lower (P ≤ 0.002) counts of bacteria and fungi. Lambs fed with CEL presented higher (P ≤ 0.012) digestibility coefficients for DM, OM, CP and NDF. Decrease on DM recovery indicates no improvements on the nutritive value of silage. On the other hand, cellulolytic enzyme positively affected animal digestion.

Download Full-text

Comparison of In Vivo and In Vitro Digestibility in Donkeys

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10112100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2100

Author(s):

Sonia Tassone ◽

Riccardo Fortina ◽

Emanuela Valle ◽

Laura Cavallarin ◽

Federica Raspa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

The Difference ◽

Vitro Data ◽

In Vitro Data

We compared in vivo and in vitro dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility in donkeys using feces as microbial inoculum. Four donkeys were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The animals were fed two types of hay, with or without flaked barley. For the in vivo procedure, total feces were collected for 6 days from each donkey; digestibility was calculated as the difference between ingested and excreted DM and NDF. For the in vitro procedure, donkey feces were buffered and used as microbial inoculum in an Ankom DaisyII Incubator; digestibility was estimated after 60 h of incubation. In vivo results showed that the addition of barley to hays did not change the digestibility values. In vivo estimates were higher than in vitro ones. The equations used to predict in vivo estimates from in vitro data were not reliable (R2 = 0.47 and 0.21; P = 0.003 and 0.078 for NDF and DM digestibility, respectively). Further studies need to evaluate different sample size and digestion times.

Download Full-text

Temporal Variations in Chemical Composition, In Vitro Digestibility, and Metabolizable Energy of Plant Species Browsed by Goats in Southern Mediterranean Forest Rangeland

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051441 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1441

Author(s):

Youssef Chebli ◽

Samira El Otmani ◽

Mouad Chentouf ◽

Jean-Luc Hornick ◽

Jean-François Cabaraux

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Species ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Condensed Tannin ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Mediterranean Forest ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Large Variability ◽

Southern Mediterranean

Forest rangelands contribute largely to goat diets in the Mediterranean area. Information about browsed plant quality is essential for adequate feeding management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the temporal changes in chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of the main plant species selected by goats in the Southern Mediterranean forest rangeland during two consecutive years; these were very contrasted (dry and wet). The browsed species were composed of herbaceous, eleven shrubs, and four tree species. Overall, large variability in chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) was observed among species, grazing season (spring, summer, and autumn), and years within each species. Crude protein (CP) content varied from 60 to 240 g/kg dry matter (DM). The fiber fractions, except for Quercus suber, increased significantly by advancing maturity. Due to the water stress, the lignin level presented a higher value during the spring of the dry year. Condensed tannin (CT) content varied from 2 to 184 g/kg DM. CP, IVOMD, and ME showed a negative correlation with lignin and CT. Based on the results presented herein, it is concluded that the nutritive value of the browsed plant species was highest in the spring and lowest during the summer and autumn of both studied years. With a good grazing management strategy, the selected plant species by goats could guarantee high-quality feeding resources throughout the year.

Download Full-text

49 Effects of in-vitro digestibility in cannulated steers when supplemented different levels of glycerol

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 55-56

Author(s):

Noheli Gutierrez ◽

Jamie A Boyd

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Cold Water ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Latin Square ◽

Optimal Level ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Study Results ◽

Different Levels

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate effects of increasing concentration of food grade glycerol on rumen environment and nutrient digestibility. Three ruminally cannulated Jersey steers were used in this study. The study was conducted from March to May 2019. Experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square with a 2wk adjustment period followed by a 1wk collection period. Diet was coastal bermudagrass hay based. Different forage types were introduced in the incubation process to evaluate digestibility. Glycerol was administered once a day at 0, 15, or 20% of DMI (dry matter intake). dNDF (digestible NDF) and dDM (digestible dry matter) was determined using an ANKOM Daisy II incubator inoculated with 200g fresh rumen fluid and incubated for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h at 39°C. Each vessel contained ground forage samples in filter bags in triplicate. After incubation, filter bags were rinsed with cold water and dried for 24h in a 55°C forced air oven. Data were analyzed using the Proc MIXED procedure of SAS version 9.4. There was no difference dNDF in effect of different levels of glycerol between forage types by diet. But a numerical tendency was observed that dNDF was decreased at 20% inclusion rates in comparison to 0 and 15% inclusion of glycerol in the diet. Neither steer nor run was significantly different in the study. However as expected digestibility over time was significantly different (P < 0.001). A significant increase was observed in DMI with the increased levels of glycerol in the diet (P = 0.003), both the 15% and 20% levels of glycerol increased in DMI in comparison to the control (0%). It appears based on these study results that digestibility may be inhibited, as levels of dietary glycerol increase in the diet and more work needs to be done to find the optimal level of glycerol supplementation.

Download Full-text

Comparison of in vitro digestibility estimates using the DaisyII incubator with in vivo digestibility estimates in horses1

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas.2010-2989 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 88 (12) ◽

pp. 3954-3963 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. E. Earing ◽

B. D. Cassill ◽

S. H. Hayes ◽

E. S. Vanzant ◽

L. M. Lawrence

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Digestibility

Download Full-text

Establishment of health management package for native sheep of Bangladesh

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v3i1.27870 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 151-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KBM Saiful Islam ◽

Md Ershaduzzaman ◽

Md Nuruzzaman Munsi ◽

Md Humayun Kabir ◽

Sompa Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Management ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Disease Status ◽

Related Factors ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Betel Leaf ◽

Native Sheep ◽

Sheep Production

The present study was designed to explore the disease status of sheep in Bangladesh with the aim of developing health management package for sheep for better and efficient sheep production in Bangladesh. Both retrospective and prospective investigations on the incidence and prevalence of different diseases of sheep have been conducted in the study areas. Information on the disease related factors like health status, sex and age, vaccination, deworming, etc. were collected. Samples (faeces, blood, etc.) were collected from the diseased/dead animals and preserved following the standard procedure. Faecal samples were examined to determine the parasitic loads and faecal as well as blood samples were examined to determine any protozoan infection present in the study animals. Samples from diarrhoeic animals were studied to isolate and identify causal organisms. Antibiotic resistance and sensitivity studies of the aetiological agents responsible for common infectious diseases in sheep were also conducted in order to suggest the most suitable antibiotic to treat the concerned diseases in the field. Since helminthic infections, diarrhea, pneumonia and foot rot were found to be the mostly occurring health hazards in sheep of all ages, especial attempts were made to develop herbal based novel approaches to treat and control major intestinal helminthic infestations of sheep. However, gentamicin and ciprofloxacin were found most effective antibiotics and recommended to use in diarrhoeal cases in the field. On the other hand, methanol extract of mahogany seeds (100 mg), betel leaf (100 mg) and dodder (100 mg) were found significantly effective against 100% worms in 2 hours in vitro and thus recommended to be used in the field against helminthic infection in sheep. Therefore, a health management package for native sheep of Bangladesh can be designed using the present findings with some fluctuations for different sites after doing the in vivo evaluation of the medicinal plants used in this experiment.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.3(1): 151-155, April 2016

Download Full-text